• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1997

The patients with hemiplegia show different body weight distribution as compared to normal subjects. These patients load their body weight more on sound leg than affected leg. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of foot placement under three conditions: forward, intermediate, and backward placement, on body weight distribution and time needed to rise while assuming sit-to-stand. Fourteen patients with hemiplegia participated in the study. Their body weight distributions during sit-to-stand under the three different conditions were measured by a limb loader and time needed to rise was measured by a stopwatch. The data were analysed by the repeated measure of one-way ANOVA. Statistical Analysis demonstrated that body weight distribution was less asymmetric in backward foot placement. The difference of body weight bearing rate between sound leg and affected leg was significantly decreased as foot placement moved from forward to backward. These results show that backward foot placement during sit-to-stand make patient with henuplegia distribute their body weight more evenly on the lower extremity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 인체모형을 이용하여 옮기기 활동을 하는 동안 발의 배치(11자 배치와 $90^{\circ}$배치)와 옮기는 지면의 높이(휠체어 좌석과 같은 높이와 다른 높이)가 허리척추에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 자발적으로 실험참여에 동의한 건강한 남성 15명을 대상으로 4가지 조건에 따라 옮기기 활동을 실시 하였다. 옮기기 활동 동안 허리척추의 작업부담을 알아보기 위해, 위팔두갈래근, 척추세움근, 넙다리근의 근활성도를 표면근전도로 측정하였고, 힘판을 이용하여 수직 지면반발력을 측정하였고, L4/L5에 가해지는 압박력을 3DSSPP를 이용하여 측정하고 분석하였다. 그 결과, 오른쪽 넙다리근의 근활성도를 제외한 나머지 근육의 근활성도는 각 조건 사이 유의한 차이가 없었다. 수직 지면반발력은 각 조건 사이 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 또한 L4/L5에 가해지는 압박력은 같은 높이인 경우 발의 배치에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 따라서 옮기기 시 발을 11자로 배치하는 것보다 발을 90°로 배치하는 것이 체중이 한쪽으로 쏠리는 경향과 L4/L5 압박력을 줄이는데 도움이 되기 때문에 환자 옮기기 시 이를 적용하는 교육이 필요할 것이다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.815-819
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 Foot Placement Estimator (FPE)를 사용하여 point foot을 갖는 이족 로봇의 3차원 시뮬레이션을 진행하고 이족로봇의 균형유지를 연구하였다. FPE 방법은 에너지 보존에 근거한 제어 방법으로서 보행 중인 로봇의 모든 에너지가 위치 에너지로 변환되는 지점에 로봇이 발을 디뎌 몸체가 넘어지지 않고 균형을 유지하며 이동하도록 하는 제어방법이다. 본 연구에서는 로봇이 이동하지는 않고 제자리에서 균형을 유지하며 서 있는 시뮬레이션을 진행하였다. 이를 위해 point foot을 갖는 6자유도 이족 로봇을 모델링하였으며 바닥과의 접촉 및 마찰 환경을 구현하였다. 로봇의 무게는 1kg이며 지면과 무게 중심점과의 거리는 1m로, 무게중심점은 로봇 몸체의 정 중앙에 위치하도록 설계하였다. 다음으로 로봇 몸체의 각속도와 직선속도 그리고 무게 중심점의 높이로 부터 FPE 지점을 계산하고 로봇이 해당 지점을 디뎌 균형을 유지하게 끔 하였다. 몸체의 초기 각도를 $5^{\circ}$, $-5^{\circ}$로 변화시키며 시뮬레이션 한 결과, 모든 초기 조건에서 로봇이 쓰러지지 않고 자세의 균형을 유지하며 서 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제17권3_4호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of foot position and lifting an object on muscle activity and foot pressure during sit to stand(STS) in hemiparetic patients. Methods: Fourteen patients participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to collect muscle activity and foot pressure measurement system was used to analyze foot pressure in hemiparetic side. Three different foot position was assumed(anterior, neutral, posterior) in hemiparetic side. The repeated two-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were conducted to determine statistical significance with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results were as follows. 1) Lower extremity muscle activity was significantly higher(p<0.05) in biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscle during STS without holding an object. With changing positions of the affected foot, muscle activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) in vastus medialis and lateral gastrocnemius when the foot was positioned in posterior. 2) There was no significant difference(p>0.05) in foot pressure during STS with object holding and foot positioning. Conclusion: Muscle activity showed a significant increase when the foot was positioned in posterior in comparison to the muscle activity when the foot was in neutral or anterior position.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1527-1530
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• 2002

Factor analysis was applied to the phenotypic correlation matrix of 15 linear type traits (scored linearly 1 to 50 points) for 2035 Holstein cows of 38 sires computed from data collected between 1988 and 1992 in Beijing Shuangqiao Farm and Beijing Xijiao Farm. The 15 linear type traits were stature, body strength, body depth, dairy form, rump angle, rump length, rump width, rear leg side view, foot angle, fore udder attachment, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder cleft, udder depth and teat placement rear view. The first four components accounted for 49.1% of the total variance in type scores. Factor 1 reflected strong cows, with deep bodies, with long and wide rumps, and tall in stature. Factor 2 reflected cows with well attached fore udders, wide rear udders and whose udders were supported by strong suspensory ligaments with close teat placement. Factor 3 reflected cows with good dairyness, sickled in the hocks, high rear udders and udder floors above the hocks. Factor 4 reflected cows with sloping rumps from hooks to pins and with steep foot angle. Principal component and factor analyses are useful to clarify the relationships among type traits.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.163-180
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• 2003

This paper aims at collecting the guantitative data of kenematic variables by analysing the gait patterns of the normal adult men and the handicapped. The gait motions were taped with 4 video cameras, the cinematographic analyses were performed by the DLT technique of three dimensional image treatment. The following results were obtained in the analysis of the variables: 1. The ratio of stance time and swing time did not show any significant difference in the groups of the normal men and the handicapped when both foot of the former and the right feet of the latter were compared. The stride peeriod time of these two groups were 1.12 and 1.11 second, respectively. 2. In the handicapped group, the step width was wider, the step length and stride length were shorter, and especially, the step length of the right foot was shorter, 3. The small vertical displacement of left toes of the handicapped group showed that the heal contact and the left midstance are almost simultaneous. 4. The two groups have almost the same horizontal displacement of the center of gravity and the same vertical rate of extension. In view of the velocity of the center of gravity the normal adults showed the constant speed of movement. However, the handicapped adults were reduced from the right midstance to the right toe-off. 5. The handicapped showed prominently low angle on the left toe-off in the ankle joint angle, they also had the tendency to walk in the patterns of extended knee in the knee joint angle. Both the handicapped and the normal had the hyperextension on the toe-off in the hip joint angle. In the back and front angle of body, both showed the slightly back-sided walking positions. 6. Both groups had the abduction of both feet in foot placement angle, but the handicapped did not show serious abduction of left midstance.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.663-669
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 런닝 턴 동작시 많은 정확한 턴을 위한 방법으로 발의 움직임을 역학적으로 분석하기 위함이다. 런닝 턴 동작에 대한 많은 역학적인 요인들 중 정확한 턴을 위해서는 감속이 발생되고 이런 감속은 진행하고자 하는 방향으로 턴을 할 수 있게 해준다. 턴이 시작되는 시점인 발의 회전각과 이로 발생되는 몸통의 각을 3차원 영상분석과 지면반력 분석을 하였다. 따라서, 여러 매개변수들 중 수직축(z축)에서 발의 총 회전각($\theta_f$)/몸통 총 회전각($\theta_d$)= 발의 효과($\varepsilon$)로 단순화 시켜 간단한 방정식을 만들어서 설명했으며, 자료 산출을 위해 평균 속력 4.5m/s에서 진행 방향 $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ 턴에 대한 분석을 통해 턴의 각이 커지면 커질수록 입각기 시간, 발 변위, 좌 우힘이 증가했음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Major technologic advances in fiberoptic light transmission, video cameras, and instrumentation have allowed great advances in small-joint arthroscopy. Arthroscopy in particular is now well established procedure for accurate diagnosis and operative management of certain ankle disorders. The small size of the ankle and significant periarticular soft tissue structures make placement and advancement of the arthroscope and instrumentation more difficult than in larger joints. Successful arthroscopy of the ankle requires knowledge of the regional anatomy and a familiarity with the available arthroscopic portals. This review article is going to describe the gross and arthroscopic anatomy of the ankle as it relates to current arthroscopic techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on the anatomic relations of the important osseous and soft tissue structures for a safe, reproducible approach to arthroscopic treatment of ankle pathology. Also, current arthroscopic equipment and instruments are included.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures are difficult to treat because of complex anatomy and high soft tissue complications. Various surgical approaches have been introduced to solve these problems, but the treatment remains complex. Recently, clinically and radiographically superior results were reported using a subtalar arthroscopy in reducing the posterior facet in both percutaneous and open approaches. In the percutaneous approach, the arthroscopically assistant percutaneous approach must be selected carefully for mild-to-moderately displaced fractures because of the limited view. In the open approach, there is little evidence of the utility of subtalar arthroscopy. Therefore, intraoperative arthroscopy should always be used in conjunction with fluoroscopy to achieve reduction and assess the internal fixation placement.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers (ALCSs) for the treatment of diabetic foot infections with osteomyelitis as a salvage procedure and to analyze the risk factors of treatment failure. Materials and Methods: This study reviewed retrospectively 39 cases of diabetic foot infections with osteomyelitis who underwent surgical treatment from 2009 to 2017. The mean age and follow-up period were $62{\pm}13years$ and $19.2{\pm}23.3months$, respectively. Wounds were graded using the Wagner and Strauss classification. X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (or bone scan) and deep tissue cultures were taken preoperatively to diagnose osteomyelitis. The ankle-brachial index, toe-brachial index (TBI), and current perception threshold were checked. Lower extremity angiography was performed and if necessary, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was conducted preoperatively. As a surgical treatment, meticulous debridement, bone curettage, and ALCS placement were employed in all cases. Between six and eight weeks after surgery, ALCS removal and autogenous iliac bone graft were performed. The treatment was considered successful if the wounds had healed completely within three months without signs of infection and no additional amputation within six months. Results: The treatment success rate was 82.1% (n=32); 12.8% (n=5) required additional amputation and 5.1% (n=2) showed delayed wound healing. Bacterial growth was confirmed in 82.1% (n=32) with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly identified strain (23.1%, n=9). The lesions were divided anatomically into four groups; the largest number was the toes: (1) toes (41.0%, n=16), (2) metatarsals (35.9%, n=14), (3) midfoot (5.1%, n=2), and (4) hindfoot (17.9%, n=7). A significant difference in the Strauss wound score and TBI was observed between the treatment success group and failure group. Conclusion: The insertion of ALCSs can be a useful treatment option in diabetic foot infections with osteomyelitis. Low scores in the Strauss classification and low TBI are risk factors of treatment failure.