• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 1999

Zinc nutriture in South Koreans was evaluated by estimating Zn, Ca, and phytate intake, and the molar ratios of phytate : Zn and the millimolar ratios of phytate $\times$ Ca Zn. food consumption data from the 95 National Nutrition Survey was used. For the present study, data from the nationwide, large city and urban area level were used. No standard deviation measures were provided in the 95 National Nutrition Survey : only mean values were reported. Nationwide daily intake of Zn and Ca were 10.1 mg/day and 426.5 mg/day, respectively. The estimated daily phytate intake was 1676.6 mg/day nationwide. The molar ratio of phvtate : Zn, the millimolar ratio of phytate $\times$ Ca : Zn and the phytate $\times$ Ca Zn mmol per 4.2 MJ (1000 kcal) were 15.9, 168.9 and 91.8 in nationwide, respectively. The major food groups for zinc intake were meat, poultry products (43%), and cereals and grain products (18%). Sixty two percent of Zinc was from animal food sources. Cereal and grain products supplied most of the phytate intake (46%), followed by seasonings, fruits, and legume products. The major food source of phytate was rice (39%) . The results of the present study suggest that Zn status of Koreans maybe influenced by high dietary intake of phytate and high molar ratios of phytate : Zn and phytate $\times$ Ca : Zn. These results raise concerns about Zn status of Koreans, who consume a diet higher in phytate than Western diets. further research is necessary to confirm whether such poorly available dietary Zn has any impact on the health of Koreans.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2010

This study was performed to compare the dietary intake and food sources of zinc (Zn), using a database of Zn composition developed in this study, between elementary schoolchildren in a remote rural area (RA, n=58, $9.9{\pm}1.7\;yrs$) and those in an urban area (UA, n=60, $9.4{\pm}1.8\;yrs$) in Chungnam province in Korea. A dietary survey for three days by food record method was performed. All kinds of foods (n=273) consumed by subjects were collected by aliquot sampling method, and the Zn content of these foods were analyzed by wet technique. The results showed that the daily mean intakes of energy, calcium, iron, and vitamin C from diet in the RA were in the range of 49-88% of the Korean DRI (KDRI), while those in the UA were similar to or greater than the KDRI, except for calcium and iron. The daily mean intake of Zn from the RA diet was $7.0{\pm}0.5\;mg/d$ ($114.1{\pm}8.4%$ of the KDRI), and $16.0{\pm}1.0\;mg/d$ ($258.3{\pm}16.3%$ of the KDRI) in that of the UA (p<0.001). The percentage of dietary intake of Zn less than 2/3 of the KDRI was 19.0% in the RA, in comparison to 1.7% in the UA. Those in the RA consumed Zn from plant foods more often than did those in the UA (p<0.001). Beef rib stew was the food source with highest Zn amount for the total subjects, followed by beef rib meat, roasted; and beef soup w/seasoned red pepper sauce. These results showed that some children in the RA had poor Zn nutrition based upon low intakes and poor food sources of Zn, while overall, children in the UA had good Zn nutrition. Therefore, those in RAs should have their Zn nutrition improved through government policy and nutrition education.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate dietary supplemental trace mineral source and deletion on mineral content in tissues. Methods: Weanling crossbred pigs (n = 144; 72 barrows and 72 gilts; body weight [BW] = $7.4{\pm}1.05kg$) were used. A basal diet was prepared, and trace mineral premix containing either inorganic (ITM) or organic (OTM) trace minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was added to the basal diet. Pigs were blocked by sex and BW and randomly allotted to 24 pens for a total of 6 pigs per pen, and fed a diet containing either ITM or OTM supplemented at the 1998 NRC requirement estimates for each of 5 BW phases (Phase I to V) from 7 to 120 kg. The trace mineral supplementation was deleted for 6, 4, 2, and 0 wk of Phase V; regarding nutrient adequacy during this phase, the indigenous dietary Fe and Mn was sufficient, Cu was marginal and Zn was deficient. Results: At the end of Phase IV, Mn content (mg/kg on the dry matter basis) was greater (p<0.05) in heart (0.77 vs 0.68), kidney (6.32 vs 5.87), liver (9.46 vs 8.30), and longissimus dorsi (LD; 0.30 vs 0.23) of pigs fed OTM. The pigs fed OTM were greater (p<0.05) in LD Cu (2.12 vs 1.89) and Fe (21.75 vs 19.40) and metacarpal bone Zn (141.86 vs 130.05). At the end of Phase V, increased length of deletion period (from 0 to 6 wk) resulted in a decrease (linear, p<0.01) in liver Zn (196.5 to 121.8), metacarpal bone Zn (146.6 to 86.2) and an increase (linear, p<0.01) in heart Mn (0.70 to 1.08), liver Mn (7.74 to 12.96), and kidney Mn (5.58 to 7.56). The only mineral source by deletion period interaction (p<0.05) was observed in LD Zn. Conclusion: The results demonstrated differential effects of mineral deletion on tissue mineral content depending on both mineral assessed and source of the mineral.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2005

The study was designed to observe the correlation between the eating habits and growth development in 1,574 children (3-6 years old) in Kyunggi-do and Seoul, Korea. The eating habits and nutrient intake were determined by mini dietary assessment and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). 35.6% children had been practicing an unbalanced diets. Children with unbalanced diet consumed less amount of protein source foods (meat, fish, egg, soy products), vegetables and fruits and had irregular meal time, but more of them preferred sweet foods (ice creme, cookies) and carbonated drinks as snack compared with children in balanced diet. 24-35% children consumed energy, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), Niacin, Zinc (Zn) less than 75% RDA. Energy intake of children with unbalanced diet was not significantly different from those with balanced diet, but they consumed less amount of niacin, Fe, Ca and Zn than those with balanced diet. By using the relative percentage of standard weight-length-index (WLI), 65.7% children was normal weight, 12.9% was underweight, 13.4% was overweight and 7.9% was obese. However, 11.9% of underweight and normal weight children was so called thin obese since their body fat content was greater than 20%. There were 16.8% underweight in children with unbalanced diet and 12.6% underweight in those with balanced diet. Compared to normal weight, the underweight children significantly consumed less amount of milk and its product, high protein foods, fried foods and fruits, but obese children consumed more high protein source foods (meat, fish, egg, etc) and sweet foods. In conclusion, the eating habits of unbalanced meal was prevalent problem in preschool children which resulting in their health risks. Therefore, it would be needed that new approach for nutrition education to improve eating habits in preschoolers.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.880-886
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 녹즙재료로 많이 이용되고 있는 신선초, 케일, 당근, 샐러리, 오이로 각각 녹즙을 제조하고 함유되어 있는 항산화 영양성분들을 측정하였다. 그 결과 5가지 녹즙에는 항산화 영양성분인 ${\beta}-carotene$, 비타민 E, 비타민 C, Se, Ca, Mn, Zn, 페놀물질들이 함유되어 있었다. ${\beta}-carotene$의 함량은 쥬스 100 g 당 당근이 59.09 mg, 케일이 3285.3 mg, 신선초가 1398.3 mg, 샐러리가 176.7 mg 오이가 61.4 mg이었다. ${\alpha}$-토코페롤의 함량은 케일녹즙이 1.41 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고, 샐러리 녹즙에는 0.04 mg/100 g이 함유되어 있어 가장 낮게 나타났다. 케일 녹즙은 비타민 C 함량도 녹즙 100 g당 105.1 mg으로 가장 높았고 그 다음은 신선초 31.4 mg, 오이 9.3 mg, 샐러리 7.5 mg, 당근 5.2 mg 순이었다. 항산화성 무기질은 대체로 신선초에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 그 양을 보면 녹즙 100 g당 Cu가 0.4 mg, Mn 0.5mg, Zn 0.24mg이고 Se은 녹즙 kg당 0.61 mg이었다. 케일녹즙에는 100 g당 Cu 0.45 mg, Mn 0.22 mg, Zn 0.24 mg이었다. Se는 1kg 당 0.33 mg로 신선초 다음으로 많은 항산화성 무기질을 함유하고 있었다. 그러나 샐러리와 오이에 함유되어 있는 황산화성 무기질의 양은 유의적으로 낮았다. 총 페놀 물질함량은 5가지 녹즙에서 $0.01{\sim}0.05%$이었으며 케일 녹즙이 가장 많은 페놀물질을 함유하고 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 1994

수질오염에 따른 Cd 및 Zn의 함량변화 차이를 구명하기 위하여 도시하수 및 공단배출수의 영향을 받는 만경강 유역의 논토양을 중심으로 1982년도와 1990년도에 표토와 심토로 구분하여 채취한 토양시료를 그리고 1990년도의 토양시료 채취지역에서 재배된 수도체 시료중 Cd 및 Zn 함량을 분석하여 그 변화를 분석하였다. 만경강 유역의 토양 중 이들 중금속 분포는 Cd이 0.38-1.17, Zn이 33.8-464.6mg $kg^-$이었다. 년도별 함량변화에서 Cd 함량은 1990년도 토양이 1982년도 보다 낮았고, Zn 함량은 반대로 1982년도 토양이 1990년도 토양 보다 낮았다. Cd의 경우 도시하수 및 공장폐수 배출지로부터 거리별 변화가 분명하지 않았으나, 토양의 유기물함량, 유효규산, CEC, 치환성 $Ca^{++}$ 함량과 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 이 지역의 토양 중 Cd 함량은 1982년도 심토 중 Cd 함량은 토양 중 Zn, Cu 및 Pb 함량과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. Zn의 경우는 거리가 멀 수록 그 함량이 낮아지는 경항이 있었으며, 1982년도 토양 중에서 유기물 함량과 치환성 $Ca^{++}$ 함량과, 그리고 년도에 관계없이 토양 중 Cu와 Pb 함량과 유의성있는 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한편 이 지역의 수도체 부위별 Cd 함량은 현미중 농도에 비해 엽신 중의 농도가 최고 7배 이상이 되었고, Zn의 경우는 엽신과 화서축 중에서 흡수축적량이 높았으며, 토양 중 Zn, Cu, Pb의 존재는 수도체의 화서축 중의 Cd 함량과 또 수도체의 모든 부위별 Zn 함량과 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타내었다. 만경강유역의 현미 중 Cd의 함량은 0.10-0.90mg $kg^{-1}$이었고, Zn의 함량은 4.2-95.9mg $kg^{-1}$ 범위였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.70-83
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• 2022

A set of studies was performed to determine the influence of dietary ZnO concentration and source during two phases (days 0 to 14 and days 15 to 28). Experiment 1: 168 weaned piglets were allocated to four treatment groups in six replicates. The treatments included a basal diet without ZnO supplementation (control), 2,500 mg ZnO/kg (In2500), 500 mg nano-ZnO/kg (N500), and 150 mg nano-ZnO/kg (N150). Experiment 2: 168 weaned piglets were divided into three treatment groups with eight replicates. The treatments included control, In2500, N300, and 150 mg nano-ZnO/kg (N150). An in vitro trial showed that the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium was inhibited when exposed to 300 and 500 ppm of ZnO after 24 h of incubation. In experiment 1, the average daily gain (ADG) by the pigs was improved in the N500 and IN2500 treatment groups. Colonization of coliforms and Clostridium spp. significantly decreased in the pigs fed the N500 and IN2500 diets in phase 1. The total plasma antioxidant capacity was greater in the IN2500 and N500 treatment groups than in the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was greater in pigs fed the IN2500 (phase 1) or the IN2500 and N500 (phase 2) diets than in the control and N150 treatment group. In experiment 2, pigs in the N300 treatment group showed a higher ADG and lower fecal score colonization of coliforms and Clostridium spp. compared with those in the N150 treatment group. In conclusion, nano-ZnO at a dose of 300 ppm showed the same growth as the pharmacological dose of Zn. This provides an option to the pharmacological dose.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.338-349
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• 2020

The effects of organic Zn-L-selenomethionine (Zn-L-SeMet) at 0.3 ppm on carcass composition, meat characteristics, fatty acid composition, glutathione peroxidase activity, and ribonucleotide content were compared against the commercial inorganic sodium selenite (Na-Se) and the combination of the two, in commercial broilers. A total of 540 one day-old chicks were assigned at random to 3 dietary treatments : i) commercial inorganic selenium as control or T1, ii) a 1:1 ratio of inorganic and organic selenium as T2, and iii) organic selenium as T3. Carcass composition, meat characteristics, cholesterol content, fatty acid composition, and ribonucleotide content were generally unaffected by treatments. However, discrepancy were significantly observed in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and water holding capacity, with organic selenium showing higher glutathione peroxidase activity (p<0.01) and lower shrinkage loss (p<0.05), respectively. These findings could be explained by the contribution of organic selenium in bioavailability of GSH-Px. However, having conducted in a commercial close house system with sufficient amount of nutritional supplementation, the present study demonstrated little or no effects of organic Zn-L-SeMet on meat characteristics, fatty acid composition, and ribonucleotide content (flavor characteristic) in broiler chickens.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1983

전분질로부터 효모균체를 직접 생산하기 위하여 분리 동정된 전분이용성 효모, Sp. holsaticus FRI Y-5의 기본적인 배양조건에 대하여 검토하였다. 이 균주는 산소를 절대적으로 요구하며, 배지의 초기 pH가 6.9일 때 최대균체량 7.2 g/l, 균체수율 0.27, 비성장속도 $0.14hr^{-1}$로 가장 좋은 생육현상을 보여 주었고 배양온도는 $23^{\circ}C$가 적온이었다. 균체생육의 활성화 에너지 Ea는 17.33 kcal/mole로 산출되었다. 검토된 13종의 질소원 가운데 $(NH_2)_2CO$가 3일 배양후 균체량이 10.69 g/l로 가장 많았으며 이때 균체수율은 0.451이었다. $SO_4\;^{-2}$염으로서 $Mg^{+2},\;K^+$ 및 $Zn^{+2}$와 유기영양원으로서 yeast extract도 균체증식에 좋은 영향을 주는 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2018

Rice is a staple food source in Asian countries. In paddy field, rice plant can take up toxic elements through its roots from contaminated soils, and its leaves and grain can absorb the toxic elements deposited on the soil surface. A totla of 40 soil and polished rice samples were collected around four abandoned metal mines in Korea and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The average contents of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in rice grain grown on the contaminated soils were 0.247, 0.174, 4.694, 0.804 and 16.78 mg/kg, respectively. These levels are higher than worldwide average concentrations. Assuming the rice consumption of 169 g/day by overall households in Korea, the estimated daily intakes from the rices were found to be 33, 48, and 63% for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively, of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) suggested by the FAO/WHO Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee.