• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 1988

To develop a method for detecting and e&timating the quantity of adulterant rapeseed oil in sesame oil, five kinds of sesame oils and three kinds of rapeseed oils collected from different sources were fractionated by TLC (thin layer chromatography) and separated on the basis of PN (partition number) by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). These obsenations indicate that the proportion of adulterant rapeseed oil when mixed minimum 4% with sesame oil can be detected.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 1988

A technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to tbe detection and estimation for composition of linseed oil, perilla oil and soybean oil in edible sesame oil. Tbe triglycerides were separated into five peaks in sesame 011, seven peaks in linseed oil, perilla oil and soybean oil by HPLC. From the resulls separated by HPLC on the basis of PN (partition number), tbese observations indicate tbat adullerants linseed oil, perilla oil and soybean oil in sesame oil for the ratio of minimum 4%, respectively can be detected. As a resull, it was suggested that tbe use of HPLC can provide more detailed Information concerning adulteration of sesame all.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that is specific to mackerel thermal stable-soluble protein (TSSP), that can be used for the rapid detection of mackerel in processed marine foods. Among the four MAbs (3A5-1, 2, 9, and 12) developed in previous studies, the 3A5-2 MAb that showed high specificity and sensitivity were selected and used to develop the indirect ELISA method. The detection range of the indirect ELISA was 0.02%-0.001% and the detection limit of 0.001% was shown. No cross-reaction to other marine products and food ingredients was observed by the indirect ELISA. Processed marine foods containing mackerel with ${\geq}0.3$ O.D. value at 405 nm were estimated as positive samples by the indirect ELISA. Therefore, the indirect ELISA can be used as a rapid and sensitive method to identify mackerel authenticity and adulteration in processed marine foods.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.918-928
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• 2024

Objective: The adulteration of raw beef (BMr) with dog meat (DMr) and pork (PMr) becomes a serious problem because it is associated with halal status, quality, and safety of meats. This research aimed to develop an effective authentication method to detect non-halal meats (dog meat and pork) in beef using metabolomics approach. Methods: Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using untargeted approach combined with chemometrics was applied for analysis non-halal meats in BMr. Results: The untargeted metabolomics approach successfully identified various metabolites in BMr DMr, PMr, and their mixtures. The discrimination and classification between authentic BMr and those adulterated with DMr and PMr were successfully determined using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. All BMr samples containing non-halal meats could be differentiated from authentic BMr. A number of discriminating metabolites with potential as biomarkers to discriminate BMr in the mixtures with DMr and PMr could be identified from the analysis of variable importance for projection value. Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression using discriminating metabolites showed high accuracy (R² >0.990) and high precision (both RMSEC and RMSEE <5%) in predicting the concentration of DMr and PMr present in beef indicating that the discriminating metabolites were good predictors. The developed untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics successfully identified non-halal meats adulteration (DMr and PMr) in beef with high sensitivity up to 0.1% (w/w). Conclusion: A combination of LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomic and chemometrics promises to be an effective analytical technique for halal authenticity testing of meats. This method could be further standardized and proposed as a method for halal authentication of meats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

Background: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) products, such as slices, have a similar appearance, but they have significantly different prices, leading to widespread adulteration in the commercial market. Their aroma characteristics are attracting increasing attention and are supposed to be effective and nondestructive markers to determine adulteration. Methods: The aroma characteristics of American and Asian ginseng were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and an electronic nose (E-nose). Their volatile organic compounds were separated, classified, compared, and analyzed with different pattern recognition. Results: The E-nose showed a good performance in grouping with a principle component analysis explaining 94.45% of variance. A total of 69 aroma components were identified by GC-MS, with 35.6% common components and 64.6% special ingredients between the two ginsengs. It was observed that the components and the number of terpenes and alcohols were markedly different, indicating possible reasons for their difference. The results of pattern recognition confirmed that the E-nose processing result is similar to that of GC-MS. The interrelation between aroma constituents and sensors indicated that special sensors were highly related to some terpenes and alcohols. Accordingly, the contents of selected constituents were accurately predicted by corresponding sensors with most $R^2$ reaching 90%. Conclusion: Combined with advanced chemometrics, the E-nose is capable of discriminating between American and Asian ginseng in both qualitative and quantitative angles, presenting an accurate, rapid, and nondestructive reference approach.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to detect 26 antidiabetic compounds in adulterated dietary supplements using a simple, selective method. The work presented herein may help prevent incidents related to food adulteration and restrict the illegal food market. The best separation was obtained on a Shiseido Capcell Pak(R) C18 MG-II ($2.0mm{\times}100mm$, $3{\mu}m$), which improved the peak shape and MS detection sensitivity of the target compounds. A gradient elution system composed of 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid in distilled water and methanol at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min for 18 min was utilized. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive or negative mode was employed as the detector. The developed method was validated as follows: specificity was confirmed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the precursor and product ion pairs. For solid samples, LOD ranged from 0.16 to 20.00 ng/mL and LOQ ranged from 0.50 to 60.00 ng/mL, and for liquid samples, LOD ranged from 0.16 to 20.00 ng/mL and LOQ ranged from 0.50 to 60.00 ng/mL. Satisfactory linearity was obtained from calibration curves, with $R^2$ > 0.99. Both intra and inter-day precision were less than 13.19 %. Accuracies ranged from 80.69 to 118.81 % (intra/inter-day), with a stability of less than 14.88 %. Mean recovery was found to be 80.6-119.0 % and less than 13.4 % RSD. Using the validated method, glibenclamide and pioglitazone were simultaneously determined in one capsule at concentrations of 1.52 and 0.53 mg (per capsule), respectively.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2018

Food adulteration and food fraud should not be neglected. The present study aimed to investigate the awareness of adulterated food and its management beliefs and capabilities among teenagers' parents. Data were collected from 425 adolescents' parents having different levels of income and education. The results of factor analysis indicated that adulterated food management beliefs was classified into attitude, necessity, and anxiety. The adulterated food management capability was sub-grouped into hygiene and nutrition, knowledge, citizen action and environmental grasp. The adulterated food management capabilities were significantly different according child's school, education level and monthly income (p<0.05). The attitude factor of adulterated food management beliefs appeared to have a significant (p<0.05) impact on all factors of adulterated food management capabilities, however the necessity factor had a significant (p<0.001) impact only on factor of hygiene and nutrition. The results of the present study suggested that parents need to be aware themselves as well as to teach their children about right food selection and consumption. The findings of the study might be useful in government policy planning regarding the public health issues and dietary education of adolescents and parents.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1991

In the present study, an attempt was made to use FV (Fatty acid ratio & Villavecchia reaction) value determination as a reliable method for the detection and analysis of the adulteration of sesame oils. FV value was defined as fatty acid ratio, C18 : I + C18 : 2/C16 : ${\times}C18$ : 3, times modified Villavecchia-Suarez test value. Seventy-four sesame oils collected from markets were evaluated using this method. Only II among 74 collected sesame oils were found to be pure sesame oil by FV value determination. In 63 adulterated sesame oils, it was revealed 23 samples were adulterated soybean oil, to with rice bran oil, 10 with sesame dregs extract oil, 8 with perilla seed oil, 7 with corn oil, 3 with cotton seed oil, and 2 with rape seed oil.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1532-1543
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• 2021

Objective: This study was aimed to establish a quantitative detection method for meat contamination based on specific polypeptides. Methods: Thermally stable peptides with good responses were screened by high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Standard curves of specific polypeptide were established by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Finally, the adulteration of commercial samples was detected according to the standard curve. Results: Fifteen thermally stable peptides with good responses were screened. The selected specific peptides can be detected stably in raw meat and deep processed meat with the detection limit up to 1% and have a good linear relationship with the corresponding muscle composition. Conclusion: This method can be effectively used for quantitative analysis of commercial samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2000

The contents of organic acid in Korean apple juice were analyzed by HPLC using YMC-peak ODS-AQ column and enzymatic assay. Model apple juices were prepared at the laboratory and commercial apple juices were purchased from the market. Individual organic acid contents were as follows: DL-malic acid 62~402mg%, L-malic acid 48~360mg%, citric acid 1.81~15.74mg%, fumaric acid nd~0.50mg%. Together, these tests gave useful information about the quality and authenticity of a particular apple juice smaple. The presence of D-malic acid was a clear indication of adulteration because this isomer did not occur naturally. Fumaric acid and citric acid levels above trace amounts were also inconsistent with pure apple juice.