• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 2019

This paper aims to assess the effect of herbal extract mixture, Ahn Tonic, on hair growth and examine the stability of this percutaneous hair growth ointment. The hair on the back of the mice C57b1/6N was removed, and 1% of the TXN(testosterone) was then applied for a week to prevent the hair growth. The experimental group was then treated with Ahn Tonic, 0.2 mL per day. The degree of newly grown hair was observed with a vernier caliper. We also measured the proportion of the newly growing hair section to the entire shaved section in the 4th week and 8th week by distinguishing the section turning black from the shaved area. To observe the effect of the test chemical product on hair follicles and hair roots, the biopsy was executed between week 4 and week 8. Gene expressions, which operate as a factor for growing hair in the skin tissues extracted from each experimental animals, were also observed through a real-time PCR gene amplification method. The results showed that the Ahn tonic group had statistically significant hair restoring effect compared to the control group in terms of microscopy, biopsy, and gene expressions. Ahn Tonic is considered to have an impact on the hair growth.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Failure of proper migration, fusion, or maturation of the branchial apparatus components results in a variety of congenital defects. Of these, cartilaginous rests are infrequent, while branchial cysts and sinuses are more common, relatively. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical and pathological features of rare cervical branchial remnants in order to provide basis for its correct diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We report three cases of cervical branchial remnants which were treated in our hospital from December 2004 to December 2009. These cases were examined their clinical features, histologic findings and treatments. The patients had been operated with simple excision, excision of the combined components and preoperative antiboitics. Results: A retrospective review produced 2 cases of the cervical branchial remnants and 1 case of the cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant. All cases were on the left side of the neck, and anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Histopathological examination showed that fistula & sinus were lined with stratified squamous epithelium, additionally, they were consisted of a cutaneous envelope containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, various amounts of adipose tissue, and elastic fibers. And, One case revealed containing hyaline cartilage. No patient developed complications or reccurences. Conclusion: The authors recommend simple surgical excision of the remnants when discharge, infection, or cosmetic problem occur. Finally, these lesions do not have fistulous tracts or connections with important, deeper organs, and so can be safely transected at the level of the superficial musculature.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 1992

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of oviduct epithelium and its conditioned medium on e development of early bovine embryos in vitro. Oocytes obtained from ovarian follicles of slaughtered cows were cultured in TCM199 with 10% fetal calf serum for 22-24hrs and then fertillzed in vitro using frozen-thawed semen treated with BO-caffein, BO-BSA(20mM heparin added). Oviduct epithelium was collected in each stage of the estrus cycle and conditioned medium was the medium in which oviduct epithelium in early luteal stage was cultured. In vitro fertilized bovine embryos of 1～2 cell were co-cultured with oviduct epithelium from different estrus cycles, cultured in conditioned medium, and cultured in rabbit oviduct. The cleavage rates of in vitro fertilized early bovine embryos co-cultured with oviduct epithelial cell from early luteal, luteal and follicular phase of estrus cycle(67.2～70.8%) and cultured in conditioned medium(56.7%) were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of the control(44.2%) The rate of development to morula or blastocyst stage in oviduct epithelial cell co-culture(15.3～32.5%) from three phase of estrus cycles and conditioned medium(14.5%) were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of the control(5.2%). The oviduct epithelial cell from early luteal phase gave a significantly( p<0.05) higher rate of development to morula or blastocyst stage than both luteal and follicular phase. The results of in vivo culture in rabbit oviduct of early bovine embryos were 52.1% for the cleavage rate and 26.7% for the rate of development to morula or blastocyst stage.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.107-115
• /
• 1998

The present study was carried out for the comparative study on the collection of bovine follicular oocytes by ultrasound-guided ovum pick-up(OPU) and slaughterhouse-derived (SHD) ovary aspiration and in vitro production of bovine embryos with the follicular oncytes in Korean native cows. Bovine follicular nocytes were observed with a 6.5 MHz convex-array ultrasound transducer designed for intravaginal use and the oocytes were collected with the aspiration equipment attached to the ultrasonograph. Bovine ovaries were collected and transported in phosphate buffered saline from the local slaughterhouse, the follicular oocytes were collected by the aspiration method. The collected follicular oocytes in good quality were matured, fertilized and cultured in the media. The total number of the visible follicles and the recovery rate of follicular oocytes were increased in ultrasonography following follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) treatment in Korean native cows. The mean recovery rate of oocytes was 66.2, 52.8 and 41.7% in the FSH-OPU, non-treatment-OPU and SHD ovaries, respectively. The mean number of recorved oocytes per cow were not significantly(P<0.05) different between the FSH-OPU(14.0$\pm$11.54) and SHD(17.1i6.21) groups, but the numbers in both groups were significantly(P<0.05) higher than the number in the non-treatment-OPU(3.7$\pm$1.57) group. The mean number of usable nocytes in Grade T /11 per ovary was 6.3, 4.8 and 1.3 in the cows of the SHD, FSH-OPU and non-treatment-OPU groups, respectively. The in vitro developmental rate to the blastocyst was not significantly different between the oocytes obtained via OPU(37.1%) and SHD(29.3%). Therefore, the ultrasound-guided OPU technique can be applied to the production of excellent embryos from the high-quality cows, and for the large scale production of in vitro bovine oocytes and embryos, the SHD ovary aspiration method is valuable.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.1204-1210
• /
• 2011

Objective of this study was to examine the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor on steroid synthesis, growth and apoptosis of buffalo granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro. Follicular fluid of antral follicles (3-5 mm diameter) was aspirated and GCs were cultured in 0 (control), $10^{-3}$, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-9}\;M$ of SNP for 48 h. To evaluate whether this effect was reversible, GCs were cultured in presence of $10^{-5}\;M$ SNP+1.0 mM $N^{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor or hemoglobin (Hb, $1.0{\mu}g$) as NO scavenger. Nitrate/nitrite concentration was evaluated by Griess method, progesterone and estradiol concentrations by RIA and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. SNP ($10^{-3}$, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-7}\;M$) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited estradiol and progesterone synthesis, growth, disorganized GCs aggregates and induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. However, $10^{-9}\;M$ SNP induced the progesterone synthesis and stimulated GCs to develop into a uniform monolayer. Combination of SNP $10^{-5}$ M+L-NAME strengthened the inhibitory effect while, SNP+Hb together reversed these inhibitory effects. In conclusion, SNP at greater concentrations ($10^{-3}$, $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-7}\;M$) has a cytotoxic effect and it may lead to cell death whereas, at a lower concentration ($10^{-9}\;M$) induced progesterone synthesis and growth of GCs. These findings have important implications that NOS derived NO are involved at physiological level during growth and development of buffalo GCs which regulates the steroidogenesis, growth and apoptosis.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2004

Gonadal development, gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, gonad index, and flesh weight rate of the murex shell (Ocenebra japonica) collected from the rocky intertidal zone of Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea were investigated by means of histological method from January to December 2002. O. japonica had separate sexes, and was oviparous. The gonad was widely situated on the surface of the digestive gland located in the rear of the spiral flesh part in the shell. The male penis was located near the two tentacles. The ovary was composed of a number of oogenic follicles, and the testis was composed of several spermatogenic tubules. The size of ripe oocyte was approximately $140{\mu}m$ in diameter. The gonad index (GI) began to increase in March $(33.24{\pm}2.33)$ and reached the maximum in June $(47.77{\pm}1.90)$ Thereafter, the values decreased from July $(45.12{\pm}3.60)$ to October $(19.32{\pm}2.91)$. The flesh weight rate (FWR) began to increase in January $(25.93{\pm}1.32)$ and reached the maxium in May $(31.78{\pm}1.09)$ Thereafter, the values decreased from June $(31.50{\pm}0.66)$ to October $(24.09{\pm}1.60)$. The reproductive cycle could be classified into five successive stages: early active (October to April), late active (January to June), ripe (May to September), spawning (July to September) and recovery (September to February). The reproductive cycle was closely related to the seawater temperature.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.86-90
• /
• 2003

Kimura's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause and is most prevalent among Asians. The cytologic findings of Kimura's disease are significant numbers of eosinophils in a background of lymphoid cells, occasional fragments of collagenous tissue, proliferation oi vessels, and Warthin-Finkeldey polykaryocytes. Among these features, the most important cytologic feature of Kimura's disease is a significant numbers of eosinophils. We experienced a case of Kimura's disease in the parotid gland which we fatted to recognize on cytology due to the apparent paucity of eosinophils. On careful retrograde reviewing of the cytologic findings, a few scattered leukocytes, previously interpreted as polymorphous leukocytes, had bilobed nuclei and coarse green but granular cytoplasm on Papanicolaou preparation. These leukocytes showed obvious orange-red intracyloplasmic granules as in eosionophils on Giemsa stain. The paucity of eosinophils may be due to the thick fibrosis around lymphoid follicles or any technical error during aspiration. Whereas the Warthin-Finkeldey type giant cell is not a sensitive cytologic marker of Kimura's disease, it may be a helpful cytologic feature. To reach a correct cytologic diagnosis of Kimura's disease, It is important to keep in mind that searching for Warthin-Finkeldey type giant cells and evaluation of Giemsa stain for detection of eosinophils would be helpful.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 1997

Recent studies have demonstrated that apoptotic cell death plays an important role in the mechanism underlying follicular atresia and luteolysis. However, the mechanisms responsible for initiating these processes have not been elucidated. In in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs, it is highly possible that continuous and repeated administration of FSH/hMG and GnRH agonists for the usage of ovarian hyperstimulation may induce apoptotic death of granulosa cells leading to atresia in the human ovarian follicles. The present study was performed to investigate whether FSH/hMG and GnRh agonists used for a longer period in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation has any effect on the apoptosis of granulosa-luteal (GL) cells obtained from hyperstimulated ovaries. To examine apoptotic cell death in the GL cells, cells were stained with acridie orange followed by observed in some of GL cells. Similar but distinct staining of apoptotic GL cells was observed when the cells were examined by using in situ TUNEL method. The healthy-looking cells with normal nuclear morphology were not stained, whereas cells with pyknotic nuclei or with apoptotic nuclei were intensively stained. After examining the ultrastructural features of GL cells by TEM, it was confirmed that the majority of cells seemed to have normal nuclei while GL cells undergoing apoptotic cel death were rarely found. The DNA extracted from GL cells showed a typical pattern of fragmentation following DNA electrophoretic analysis. We have confirmed that the apoptosis occurs in granulosa-luteal cells obtained from hyperstimulated ovaries. Technically, in situ apoptosis detection method is simple and reproducible and is well suited to identify the quality of oocytes retrieved from hyperstimulated ovaries.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 1989

These experiments were carried out to obtain the basic information for in vitro fertilization and development of bovine follicular oocytes matured in vitro. The bovine ovaries were obtained at a slaughter house and the follicular oocytes surrounded by cumulus cells were collected by puncturing follicles with 2-6mm of diameter. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro for 24-26 hours in a CO2 incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 39$^{\circ}C$. The medium used for maturation was TCM199 supplemented with hormones, pyruvate, FBS and antibiotics. Epididymal spermatozoa were capacitated by in vitro culture for 2-3 hours in BO solution containing bovine serum albumin(5mg/ml) and caffein(2.5mM). Insemination was made by introducing about 10-15 matured oocytes into the suspension of capacitated spermatozoa. Six hour after inseminatin the eggs were transferred to TCM 199 supplemented with FBS(10%) for in vitro development. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The maturation rate of oocytes following incubation for 24-26 hours was 78.4%(228/291). 2. Of total 250 oocytes, 172 embryos extruded 2nd polar body following in vitro culture with spermatozoa for 20 hours, and the rates of embryos developed to 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-cells and morula or early blastocyst were 64.0, 39.2, 22.0, 15.2 and 11.2%, respectively. 3. The time needed for development to 2-, 4-. 8-, 16-cell stage and morula was 42.5$\pm$5.4, 58.0$\pm$9.2, 74.4$\pm$11.5, 96.1$\pm$13.4 and 119.0$\pm$18.2 hours, respectively.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.141-145
• /
• 2012

The present study was conducted to develop a simple method for porcine oocyte maturation without $CO_2$ regulation. In experiment 1, we evaluated that the effect of $CO_2$ non-supplement on porcine oocyte maturation. Cumulusoocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from 2~6 mm follicles and divided into three groups (Control, tube-$CO_2$, and tube-non-$CO_2$). For control, COCs were cultured in 4-well multidish in a $CO_2$ incubator. For tube-$CO_2$, COCs were cultured in a round-bottom tube in a $CO_2$ incubator, and for tube-non-$CO_2$, COCs were cultured in a round-bottom tube sealed tightly without $CO_2$ supplement in a dry incubator. The proportion of oocytes reached to metaphase II (M-II) was not significantly different among three groups (87.9% to 91.4%). In experiment 2, we evaluated the effect of $CO_2$ non-supplement during oocyte maturation on development of embryos. Oocytes with a polar body were divided into two groups (Control and tube-non-$CO_2$) and applied 1.1 kV/cm or 1.2 kV/cm voltages for parthenogenetic activation. After activation, embryos were cultured for 6 days and examined the development. The proportion of embryos cleaved was not significantly different among treatment (86.3% to 91.5%). The proportion of embryo reached to blastocyst stage was not significantly different among treatment (13.9% to 25.2%). The cell number of blastocysts was not significantly different among treatment (29.0 to 32.4). In conclusion, oocytes cultured in a dry incubator without $CO_2$ supplement have enough competence to development after parthenogenetic activation. These results would be useful for transporting oocytes or embryos a long distance.