• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified-thawed canine oocytes was $30.8{\pm}3.4%$. The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified oocytes was lower than that of the control ($52.0{\pm}2.5%$, p<0.05). The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified-thawed oocytes were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of fresh oocytes. The in vitro maturation and developmental rates of the vitrified-thawed oocytes were $17.5{\pm}2.5%$ and $8.8{\pm}3.4%$, respectively. This results were lower than the control group ($43.6{\pm}3.2%$ vs $20.0{\pm}3.0%$). SOD1 gene expression of 1~2 mm of follicle size were higher than those of above 6 mm follicle size. SOD2 gene expression of 1~2 mm of follicle size were significantly higher than those of above 6 mm follicle size (p<0.01). The expression pattern of SOD1, 2 was constantly expressed in both groups but strongly expressed in follicles (1~2 mm) group when compared to the above 6 mm follicles. SOD gene expression between groups the fresh and vitrified oocytes groups were significant differences in rates. However, RGS gene expression between groups the fresh and vitrified oocytes groups were no significant differences in rates.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.658-662
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gleditsiae Spina (GS) on polycystic ovary (PCO) induced by estradiol valerate in female rats. We investigated the effects of GS on changes in body weights and food and water uptake for 5 weeks. In addition, we also examined the effects on ovary weights. Finally, we observed histopathological changes in PCO rats. Treatment with GS did not affect body weights, amount of food and water uptake compared with non-treated control group. Administration group of GS restored body/ovary weight ratio to normal levels, which were lowered by induction of PCO. In histopathological observation, formation of cysts was suppressed in GS group compared with non-treated control group. These results suggest that GS can be used for patients with PCO to prevent formation of cystic follicles and malfunction of ovary.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 1984

The present observations were focussed mainly on the macroscopic and histopathological observation to polyps encountered on the stomach of 4-month-old pig, small intestine of 3-month-old pig and cecum of 9-month-old dog. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The polyps were gray or pink hemispherical shapes attached by the broad base to the gastrointestinal walls and were 3 to 8 mm in diameter and diffuse appearance. The surfaces of polyps were flat or indented and were ulcerated in some large polyps. 2. In histopathological findings, the polyps were nodules composed of lymphoid follicles, which were characterized by the differentiation and proliferation of the lymphoid cells in the lamina propria or submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. The lymphoid nodules have the thin septa and thick capsules of the connective tissues, also comprised more numerous and larger sinus-like-blood vessels and more diffuse lymphoid cells in the peripheral zones than those in the central zones of nodules. In addition, the external surface of the polyps bulged toward the intestinal lumen were covered with the abnormal epithelium, or the degenerative and necrotic lymphocyte aggregates. 3. These polyps were considered as lymphoid polyps caused by the hyperplasia of the lymhoid follicles.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1994

The objective of the present study was to characterize the cell cycles of granulosa cell populations during follicular maturation in cattle by using flow cytometer. Granulosa cells were isolated from bovine preovulatory antral follicles of F1(>10mm), F2(5~20mm), F3(3~4mm) and F4(1~2mm) diameter and fixed and stained with fluorochromes that selectively bine to DNA. Flow cytometer equipped with a laser excitation system was used to analyze the intensity of fluorescence from stained cells. Forward angle light-scatter(FSC) and 90$^{\circ}$light-scatter(SSC) signals were adopted to measure the size and the granularity of granulosa cells. As a results of FSC/SSC analysis, granulosa cell populations(G1 phase of cell cycle) from each follicle were relatively regular in size and granularity, regardless of follicular size. However, their distribution in granularity was greater than that in size. Most of granulosa cell populations collected from each follicle were distributed in G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. As the follicles approached to ovulation the percentage of cells in the proliferative phases of cell cycle (S and G2/M) decreased significantly, but there was a concomitant increase in the percentage of granulosa cells in G1 phase. Therefore, these data indicate the proportion of main populations to cell cycle of granulosa cells may be changed from proliferative phase to G1 phase during follicular maturation in cattle.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2005

In vitro maturation of porcine immature cumulus-enclosed oocytes can be enhanced by co-incubation with spermatozoa even before fertilization. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of spermatozoa into the culture medium can stimulate the meiosis resumption of porcine cumulus-enclosed oocytes arrested at germinal vesicle (GV). Cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) were collected from follicles of 3 to 5mm diameter. Porcine CEOs were cultured in tissue culture medium containing various meiosis inhibitors and spermatozoa. Oocytes were examined for evidence of GV and GV breakdown after 24 h culture. After 24 h culture $43.8\%$ of oocytes cultured in only TCM 199 remained at GV stage whereas $56.2\%$ of oocytes were able to resume meiosis. When porcine CEOs were cultured in the medium with meiosis inhibitor such as, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and forskolin (Fo), more than $90\%$ of oocytes were not able to resume meiosis. However, co-culture of porcine CEOs with spermatozoa was able to overcome the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP and Fo. Irrespective of the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), no difference was observed in the proportion of oocyte reached germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). The present study suggests that dbcAMP and Fo prevent the spontaneous maturation of competent oocyte in culture after isolation from follicles and that mammalian spermatozoa contain a substance(s) that improves meiosis resumption in vitro of porcine cumulus-enclosed oocytes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1988

Fine structures of the testis and vas deferens in the fall-web worm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, are studied with electron microscope. Adult worms have single testis close to the midlines of the abdomen. Testis is composed of 4 follicles which are incompletly separated from each other and bounded together by a peritoneal sheath. The peritoneal sheath consisted of outer cuticular layer and two kinds of inner layers, in which glycogen particles are dispersed commonly. These two layers are divided by the morphology of cytoplasmic granules. Follicular epithelium forming the wall of the follicles have melanin pigment granules, and trachea or tracheoles are extended through this epithelium. In the cysts of adult testis, matured spermatozoa are grouped together in bundles and after releasing the sperm bundles to the vas deferens, lamellar shaped lysosomes appeared in the cytoplasms of the cyst cells. The number of spermatozoa per cyst is exactly 256 ($2^8$), this number is characteristics of the Lepidoperan species. Vas deferens is a tube with a fairly thick bounding epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of circular muscle outside it. At the apical portion of the epithelial cells, microvilli are well developed. And in the cytoplasms of these cells, numerous excretory granules are observed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to establish an effective technique of in vitro maturation of porcine follicular oocytes. Porcine ovaries were collected from an abbatoir and delivered to the laboratory in phosphate buffered saline in an hour. Immatured follicular oocytes were collected from the ovaries and divided into groups by the size of follicles and by the attachment of granulosa cells. The follicular oocytes were cultured in m-KRB solution supplemented with FCS(10%), follicular fluid(10%) or hormones of PMSG(10IU/ml), hCG(10IU/ml ) and $estradiol-17{\beta}(1{\mu}g/ml)$ for 48 hours at $39^{\circ}C$ under an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in air. The results are as follows ; 1. The mean recoveration rate of follicular oocytes was 61.8%. 2. The maturation rate was significantly(p<0.05) higher when the oocytes were collected from large-sized follicles and under good state of granulosa cell attachment. 3. The maturation rate was significantly(p<0.01) promoted when the follicular oocytes were cultured in m-KRB solution supplemented with follicular fluid(74.8%) or hormones and fetal calf serum(70.6%).

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 1990

면역조직화학적 방법을 이용하여 생쥐 난소에서 $\beta$-endorphin이 생성되는 부위를 조사하기 위하여 본 실험을 행하였다. 성숙한 생쥐를 4% neutral buffered paraformaldehyde로 관류고정하였으며 난소를 적출한 후 cryostat로 절편을 만들어 avidin-biotin complex(ABC)를 이용하여 면역색을 하였다. $\beta$-endorphin에 대한 항체반응은 주로 황체에서 일어났으며, theac interna와 theca externa에서는 반응이 나타나지 않았다. 황체에서의 염색 양상은 퇴화가 많이 진행된 황체세포에서 보다 강한 연색반응을 관찰할 수 있었다. 때로 황체세포에서 유래된 것으로 보이는 간질세포에서도 양성반응을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이외에도 large antral follicle의 여포강에 인접한 과립세포에서 약한 반응을 보여주었으나, 제 1차 여포에서는 양성반응이 나타나지 않았다.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

Caffeine is widely used in cosmetics and hair care products. Although its efficacy in stimulating hair growth has been confirmed in recent studies, its mechanism of action remains unelucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of caffeine on hair growth, with a focus on intracellular hair follicle activity. Experiments included in vitro and ex vivo tests, and a clinical study. Caffeine enhanced the cellular activity and potassium channel opening. It also promoted human hair follicle elongation. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the Ki-67 signal was significantly higher in cells treated with caffeine. These efficacies of caffeine were comprehensively demonstrated in clinical results, wherein caffeine-containing shampoo improved hair density after 24 weeks of testing. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrated that caffeine promoted hair growth and inhibited the progression of hair loss by enhancing intracellular activity of hair follicles.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2009

This experiment was investigated the effects of fresh and ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts on hair growth activity, and its fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) obtained from fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma on hair growth activity of the normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model of C57BL/6N mice for 16 days. The results were as follows: In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area(100%) all the normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. In ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 25% of normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. But in control group, hair growth effect was observed in a part of whole skin area in 25% of normal mice. In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen phase was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice on 10th day. But in ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group and control group, Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma increased the expression of TGF-$\beta$(146%), IGF(107%), and prolactin(115%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). But expression of placenta lactogen(93%) was decreased in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). In spontaneous alopecia model, The hair growth activity of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group(100%) was observed to be strong compared with the control group(20%) on 15th day. Hair growth activity on chloroform fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts was observed in whole skin area in 75% of normal mice on the 9th day. In water and ethyl acetate fractions, hair growth activity was observed in a part of whole skin in 75% and 25% of normal mice, respectively. but hair growth activity of control group was not observed. After application of fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts for 10 days, hair follicles of chloroform fraction treated group was observed middle stage of anagen phase and hair follicle were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice. But hair follicles of initial stage of anagen phase were observed in water and ethyl acetate fractions. Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin of control group. These experiments suggest that extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity and its chloroform fractions can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.