• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2006

Experiment and three dimensional numerical investigations of incompressible turbulent flow through square channels with one- and two-sided ribbed walls are performed to determine pressure drop and heat transfer. The CFX(version 5.7) software package is used for the computation. The ribbed walls have a $45^{\circ}$ inclined square rib. Uniform heat flux is maintained on whole inner heat transfer channel area. The numerical results coincide with experimental data that obtained for $7,600{\le}Re{\le}24.900$, the pitch-to-rib height ratio (p/e) of 8.0. and the rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio ($e/D_h$) of 0.0667. The results show that values of local heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in the channel with two-sided ribbed wall are higher than those in the channel with one-sided ribbed walls.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.96
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• pp.364-370
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• 2005

The active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems mounted in moving vehicles are exposed to the disturbances due to the base motion, often leading to malfunction or damage as well as inaccurate positioning of the systems. Thus, in the controller design of such AMB systems, robustness to base disturbances becomes an essential requirement. In this study, effective control schemes are proposed for the homo-polar AMB system, which uses permanent magnets for generation of bias magnetic flux, when it is subject to base motion, and its control performance is experimentally evaluated. The base motion of AMB system is modeled as the dynamic disturbances in the gravity and base excitation forces. To effectively compensate for the disturbances, the angle feed-forward controller based on the inverse dynamic model and the acceleration feed-forward controller based on the normalized filtered-X LMS algorithm are proposed. The performance test of the prototype AMB system is carried out, when the system is mounted on rate table. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed controllers for the AMB system is satisfactory in compensating for the disturbances due to the base motion.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.181-203
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• 1991

The effects of geologic structures such as rock joins and bedding planes on the thermal conductivity of a discontinuous rock mass are studied. The expressions for the equivalent thermal conductivities of jointed rock masses are derived and found to be anisotropic. The degree of anisotropy depends primarily on the thermal properties contrast between the joint phase and surrounding intact rock, the joint density expressed as volume fraction and the inclination angle of the joint. Within the context of 2-dimensional finite element heat transfer scheme, the isotherms around a circular hole are analyzed for both the isotropic and anisotropic rock masses in 3 different thermal boundary conditions. i.e. temperature, heat flux and convection boundary conditions. The temperature in the stratified anisotripic rock mass is greatly influenced by the thermal properties of the rock formation in contact with the heat source. Using the excavation-temperature coupled elastic plastic finite element method, analyzed is the thermo-mechanical stability of a circular opening subjected to 10$0^{\circ}C$ at a depth of 527m. It is found that the thermal stress concentration was enough to deteriorate the stability and form a plastic yield zone around the opening, in contrast to the safety factor greater than 2 resulted form the excavation-only analysis.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

Step-edge Josephson junctions (SEJ) have been fabricated on sapphire substrates with in situ deposited films of CeO$_2$ buffer layer and YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7}$ films on the low angle steps. Direct coupled SQUID magnetometers with the SEJ were formed on 1 cm X 1 cm R-plane sapphire substrates. Typical 5-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-wide Josephson junctions have R$_{N}$ of 3 Ω and I$_{c}$ of 50 $mutextrm{A}$ at 77 K. The direct coupled SQUID magnetometers were designed to have pickup coils of 50-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-wide 16 parallel loops on the 1 cm X 1 cm substrates with outer dimension of 8.8 mm X 8.8 mm. The SEJ SQUID magnetometers exhibit relatively low 1/f noise even with dc bias control, and could be stably controlled by flux-locked loops in the magnetically disturbed environment. Field noise of the do SQUID was measured to be 200∼300 fT/Hz$^{1}$2/in the white noise region and about 2 pT/Hz$^{1}$2/ at 1 Hz when measured with dc bias method.hod.d.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.04b
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• pp.57-57
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• 2009

In this work, we carried out the variation of surface characteristics of organic polymer films by O2 plasma. The plasma diagnostics were performed by DLP(Double Langmuir Probe) and OES(Optical Emission Spectroscopy) measurements. Moreover, variation of surface characteristics were measured by AFM(Atomic Force Microscope), XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), and contact angle goniometer. It was found that the etch rate of organic films was controlled by O radicals flux and dc bias voltage. And O radical density and dc bias voltage increased with increasing bias power. So, it was changed surface energy as a function of surface roughness and O/C ratio in organic films.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.12
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• pp.1737-1741
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• 2014

The railway ECB(Eddy Current Brake) is used for high speed vehicle of railway like as TGV, ICE, JR-500 because it has stable braking force at high speed. But it is not effective at low speed and it is difficult to save energy due to the excitation of electro-magnet. Although ECB with permanent magnet is used for roller-coaster, it can not control the braking force without clutch. In this paper, the shield moving ECB with PM is proposed for application of railway vehicle. The angle of shield can be changed for various braking force. It changes the flux amount from PM, then the braking force will be reduced. The brake of 800W is simulated by using the software, "Ansoft Maxwell". The characteristics of braking will be shown by the shapes of magnet, disk and various speeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1083-1090
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• 2005

Repeated ribs are used on heat exchange surfaces to promote turbulence and enhance convective heat transfer. Applications include fuel rods of gas-cooled nuclear reactors, inside cavities of turbine blades, and internal surfaces pipes used in heat exchangers. Despite the great number of literature papers, only few experimental data concern detailed distributions of friction factors and heat transfer coefficients in square channels varying the number of rough walls. This issue is tackled by investigating effects of different number of ribbed walls on heat transfer and friction characteristics in square channel. The rough wall have a 45$^{\circ}$ inclined square rib. Uniform heat flux is maintained on whole inner heat transfer channel area. The heat transfer coefficient and friction factor values increase with increasing the number of rough walls.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1994

This study uses pervaporation process to separate small amount of organic trichloroethylene, chloroform and perchloroethylene from contaminated water, since chlorinated hydrocarbones are known to be cancer suspecting compounds. For the separation of small amount of halogenated organic compound dissolved in wastewater, pervaporation membranes should be polymers that possess affinity with orgnic compounds and hydrophobicity. We used polyisobutylene, polyetheramide and polydimethylsiloxane membranes. The degree of affinity between organics and polymers were measured by contact angle method. We had good separation results that separation factor ranged from 34 to 19100 and permeate flux was$19.7~140g/m^2hr$.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2014

This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis a novel two-axis rotary normal-stress electromagnetic actuator with compact structure for fast steering mirror (FSM). The actuator has high force density similar to a solenoid, but its torque output is nearly a linear function of both its driving current and rotation angle, showing that the actuator is ideal for FSM. In addition, the actuator is designed with a new cross topology armature and no additional axial force is generated when the actuator works. With flux leakage being involved in the actuator modeling properly, an accurate analytical model of the actuator, which shows the actuator's linear characteristics, is obtained via the commonly used equivalent magnetic circuit method. Finally, numerical simulation is presented to validate the analytical actuator model. It is shown that the analytical results are in a good agreement with the simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 2007

Computational study on the passive control of the oblique shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction utilizing slotted plates over a cavity has been carried out. The numerical boundary layer profile upstream of the interaction follows the compressible turbulent boundary-layer theory reasonably well, and the other results also show good agreements with the experimental observations, such as the wall surface pressures and Schlieren flow visualizations. Further, the effects of various slot configuration including number, location and angle of the slots on the characteristics of the interactions, such as the variation of the total pressures, the boundary-layer characteristics downstream of the interaction and the recirculating mass flux through the slots, are also tested and compared.