• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 인체 안정성이 입증된 고분자제제인 폴리비닐알코올(PVA, Poly vinyl alcohol)로 얇은 박막을 제조하고 NaF을 첨가하여 불소를 함유한 고분자 접착 테잎(NaF-PVA)을 개발하여 피실험자의 구강 내에 도포 후 잔류하는 불소의 농도를 측정하고자 하는 것이다. 불소바니쉬(Cavityshiled$^{TM}$, 0.25 ml, Group 1)와 불소를 함유한 고분자 접착 테잎(NaF-PVA, Trial product, $1\;cm^2{\times}$ 12개, Group 2)을 각각 10명씩 치과대학 남학생의 치아(상악 12개, 순면)에 도포 후, 30분, 1시간, 2시간, 3시간, 4시간, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 후 비자극성 전타액내 불소농도를 불소이온전극을 이용하여 측정하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 도포 후 30분과 1시간에서는 1군이 2군보다 높은 타액 내 불소농도를 보였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 도포 후 2시간, 3시간, 4시간에서 2군이 1군보다 유의하게 큰 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 도포 후 24시간 이후부터는 군간 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1971

본 저자는 삭제된 법랑질표면에 $8\%$ Stannous Fluoride $(SnF_2)$를 국소적으로 표면도포하여 1 mol의 lactate buffer solution에 넣어 비교표본과 탈회정도를 비교 관찰하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 일차 불소도포한 48시간후의 탈회정도는 비교표본과 차이는 보였으나 양종표본 모두 심한 탈회 상태를 보여주었다. 2. 이차 불소도포한 48시간후는 점차 그 탈회도는 감소했다. 3. 일차, 이차 불소도포한 288시간후의 탈회도의 차는 $0.24{\pm}0.0.3\;mm$인 불소처리 표본에 비해서 비교표본에서는 $0.66{\pm}0.03\;mm$의 차이를 나타냈다. 4. 결과적으로 법랑질표면 삭제부위에 불소도포를 주기적으로 실시하면서 불소가 함유된 치약을 계속적으로 사용하므로서 충치 발생율을 저하시킬 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of multi or single application of fluoride plus 0.05% NaF solution on the remineralization of dental caries lesion. The microhardness changes of enamel surface were measured after application of fluoride and precipitation of 0.05% NaF solution on 6 groups of cow's tooth on which the artificial carious lesions were formed first. Test groups were calssified into two step application with NaF, $SnF_2$ and APF under different application time conditions plus 0.05% NaF solution(group I, II, III, IV) and single application with APF plus 0.05% NaF solution (group V) and control(0.05% NaF solution only, group IV). The obtained results were as follows. 1. Regarding microhardness change of enamel surface. microhardness increments in group I(NaF for 1 minute+APF for 3 minutes+0.05% NaF solution for 1 minute), II($SnF_2$ 1 min+APF 3 min+NaF sol.), III($SnF_2$ 2 min+APF 2 min+NaF sol.), IV(NaF 2 min+APF 2 min+NaF sol.) and V(APF 4 min+NaF sol.) were significantly greater than group VI.(P<0.05) 2. Microhardness changes of shorter application time of $SnF_2$ (group II) were significantly greater than group III. (P<0.05) 3. Microhardness changes were variable with kinds of fluoride, application sequence and application time of fluoride. but had no relation with the number of fluoride application.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.209-224
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of calcium fluoride deposited on the enamel and dentin surface and to obtain information on the morphological change and crystallographic details of mineral deposition after 12,000ppm APF application in vitro. The bovine enamel and dentin blocks were randomly assigned to eight groups according to artificial caries lesion formation and difference of fluoride application time. The fluoride concentration and morphological characteristics on the treated enamel and dentin surface were investigated by using fluoride quantitative analysis and SEM. The powdered enamel and dentin of the intact bovine incisors were prepared for the X-ray diffraction analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. The amounts of KOH-soluble fluoride on the carious enamel and dentin surface after 24h APF application were higher than after only 5min APF application(p<0.05), but in the case of the sound enamel and dentin surface were similar after 5min and 24h application (P>0.05). The fluoride content was highly increased in the carious dentin as compared with sound dentin after APF application(P<0.05). 2. The carious enamel surface after APF application, the demineralized enamel surface were recovered a more dense enamel surface and precipitation of crystal was observed a distintive surface layer of spherical globules of about 1 m diameter. In the case of the fluorided carious dentin surface, precipitation of calcium fluoride-like material was deposited both inside the dentinal tubules as well as in the intertubular regions. 3. The crystallographic structure of powdered enamel and dentin after 24h APF application had large crystallities of apatite and CaF2 diffraction peaks in the enamel as compared with dentin. The diffraction data collected from the 27.50-29.50(2) angular range of the powdered enamel, the (105) apatite, (225) apatite and (111) CaF2 peaks of the enamel crystallities were detected after 24h APF application.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.324-335
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• 2020

We investigated whether fluoride varnishes recover the hardness of bovine teeth under 20 days of demineralization/remineralization cycling. The fluoride varnish groups (two commercial fluoride varnishes [V-varnish (Vericom, Korea) and CavityShield (3M ESPE, USA)] and an experimental fluoride varnish including 5 wt.% NaF were compared with a control group without fluoride varnish. Vickers hardness was measured at baseline, 3 days after immersion in caries-inducing solution, 24 hours after application of a fluoride varnish, and after 10 and 20 days of demineralization/remineralization cycling. Afterward, tooth surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope. After fluoride varnish application and the cycling 10 and 20 days, the experimental varnish group showed the highest hardness, while the CavityShield and the control groups demonstrated the lowest hardness. The experimental varnish group recovered the hardness of the baseline at 24 hours after application of the varnish, while it was recovered after 20 days of the cycling in case of the V-varnish. However, the CavityShield and the control groups did not recover the hardness even after 20 days of the cycling. The experimental fluoride varnish with fast recovery in the hardness of the baseline can be used as an effective fluoride varnish to resist demineralization and to facilitate remineralization.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2010

Objectives : To evaluate the effect of fluoride application on the color and microhardness of bleached enamel and compare it to that of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application. Methods : Twenty freshly extracted human adult molar were each sectioned into halves, the specimens divided and treated according to five experimental groups: Group 1, treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agent; Group 2, treatment with 10% CP followed by a 1.23% fluoride gel application; Group 3, treatment with 10% CP followed by a 2.23% sodium fluoride varnish application; Group 4, treatment with 10% CP followed by a 0.11% sodium fluoride gel application; Group 5, treatment with 10% CP followed by a CPP-ACP gel application. All groups were treated 6 h per day for 14 days then immersed in distilled water for 2 weeks. Changes in enamel color were evaluated on Baseline and Day 14. Microhardness were evaluated on Baseline, Days 7 and 14. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. Results : All the bleached enamel specimens revealed increased whiteness and overall color value. Group 1 showed the lowest microhardness values than that of Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5. In all groups, the hardness of tooth after bleaching showed a significant decrease in the microhardness as compared with the one prior to tooth bleaching. The specimens treated with remineralizing agents showed relatively less reduction in enamel microhardness than control group. Conclusions : The addition of fluoride and CPP-ACP did not impede the whitening effect. The use of remineralizing agents during bleaching treatment can significantly enhance the microhardness of bleached enamel.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2018

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an alkaline topical solution and it derives from the conjunction of silver nitrate and fluoride. It reduces the growth of cariogenic bacteria, inhibits degradation of dentinal collagen, impedes demineralization and enhances remineralization. It is inexpensive due to the low cost of materials and its application to dental surface is very simple and requires relatively short chair time. Previous studies have shown that the dental caries prevention effect of SDF is superior or similar to topical fluoride application. The main disadvantage of SDF is its esthetic result, and it permanently blacken carious enamel and dentin. The use of SDF has not yet been approved in Korea, but it may be helpful to prevent and treat dental caries in patients with special health care needs and uncooperative young patients.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2013

정상법랑질과 인공우식법랑질에서 불소바니쉬 도포 후의 항우식 효과를 알아보기 위하여 건전한 소의 전치를 사용하였고, 네 군으로 분류하여 실험하였다. 법랑질 표면의 재광화 및 탈회 후 결정구조의 변화를 FE-SEM으로 관찰하였고, Ca과 P의 정량적 분석은 EDS를 사용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 불소바니쉬 도포한 경우, 재석회화로 인하여 불규칙하고 매우 거친 표면과 다공성의 구조물이 평활하고 균일한 양상으로 나타났으며, Ca 및 P의 함량이 증가되어 정상법랑질과 인공우식법랑질의 항우식 효과를 크게 증진시키는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2018

불소 적용 후 교정용 브라켓 접착제 종류에 따른 불소의 재흡수성과 표면의 변화를 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 불소가 방출되지 않은 복합레진 Transbond $XT^{(R)}$, 불소 방출성 복합레진 $Blugloo^{(R)}$와 $LightBond^{(R)}$, 레진강화형 글라스 아이오노머 Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$, 재래형 글라스 아이오노머 Fuji $I^{(R)}$를 사용하였다. 시편에서 방출되는 불소 방출량을 측정하였고, 불소 재흡수 능력을 비교하기 위해서 시편에 3가지의 불소 제품(APF gel, Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, Fluor Protector)을 도포하였으며, 불소함유 치약으로 잇솔질을 하여 불소방출량 변화를 측정하였고, 표면조도 측정기와 FE-SEM을 이용하여 시편의 표면 조도 및 변화를 비교 평가하였다. Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$와 Fuji $I^{(R)}$에서는 다른 불소 제품인 Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, Fluor Protector뿐만 아니라 불소함유 치약으로 잇솔질한 후에도 불소의 재흡수량을 관찰할 수 있었다. Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$를 도포한 후에는 Transbond $XT^{(R)}$를 제외하고 표면 조도 값이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 모든 교정용 접착제에서 부분적인 미세 필러 입자의 탈락을 보였다. Fluor Protector를 도포한 후에는 Transbond $XT^{(R)}$, Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$를 제외하고 표면 조도 값이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 모든 교정용 접착제의 표면에 막을 형성하여 기포가 생긴 부분을 제외하고 매끄러운 양상을 나타내었다. 모든 교정용 접착제에 APF gel을 도포했을 때는 표면 조도 값이 유의하게 크게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 교정용 브라켓을 접착할 때 치아우식 예방 효과를 도모하기 위한 불소 방출량을 고려한다면 Rely $X^{TM}$ Luting $2^{(R)}$와 Fuji $I^{(R)}$가적극 추천되며, 불소 제품으로는 Tooth Mousse $Plus^{(R)}$, Fluor Protector가 APF gel보다 우수한 것으로 나타났고, 불소가 함유된 치약으로 잇솔질을 하였을 때도 치아우식을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fluoride application after dental prophylaxis by the type of dental floss. Methods: Artificial caries lesion was made on the surface of cow's permanent teeth having sound enamel surface and vickers hardness number(VHN) was measured. Specimens were classified into APF gel group and artificial saliva group. Each group was divided into waxed floss group and unwaxed flossed group. All specimens were immersed into the artificial saliva for one minute and dental flossing was applied to waxed or unwaxed floss. After washing and drying, APF gel groups were applied with fluoride for four minutes and artificial saliva groups were immersed into the artificial saliva for four minutes. After treatment, specimens were measured by VHN and surface conditions of enamel were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Results: VHN of waxed flossing and fluoride application group increased to $6.78{\pm}2.75$. VHN of unwaxed flossing and fluoride application group increased to $7.36{\pm}2.51$. There was no significant difference between waxed and unwaxed groups(p>0.05). VHN of waxed flossing and artificial saliva group increased to $1.07{\pm}2.84$. VHN of waxed flossing and artificial saliva group increased to $1.05{\pm}3.13$. There was no significant difference between waxed and unwaxed groups(p>0.05). There was significant increase in VHN between waxed/unwaxed flossing and fluoride application. However, waxed/unwaxed flossing with artificial saliva showed no significant VHN increase. SEM demonstrated no residue on the enamel surface in the waxed flossing groups. Conclusions: No difference was found in the remineralization of enamel by waxed flossing or unwaxed flossing.