• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2015

A sequencing batch reactor was operated under different pH conditions to see the influence of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) to microbial community on ammonium partial nitrification. Long-term influences of FA and FNA were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Nitrite accumulation was successfully achieved at pH 8.2 and 6.3. The shifts in the microbial community were observed when influent ammonia concentration increased to 1 g $NH_4$-N/L at pH 8.2, and then when pH was dropped to 6.3. Both Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were selected during the startup of the reactor, and eventually became dominant members as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. The results of molecular microbiological analysis strongly suggested that the composition of microbial community was changed according to the method used to control nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and fluorescence intensity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive (VIP-IR) cells in rat trigeminal ganglion following pulp extirpation of rat mandibular molar. The animals were divided into control group(n=6) and experimental group(n=6). The experimental animals were sacrificed at 14 days after pulp extirpation. The trigeminal ganglion was removed and immersed in the 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer. Serial frozen sections about $20{\mu}m$ in thickness were cut with a cryostat. The immunofluorescence staining was performed. The rabbit anti-VIP(1 : 8,000) was used as primary antibody and fluorescene isothiocynate(FITC) conjugated anti-rabbit IgG(1 : 80) as secondary antibody. The slides were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Unprocessed optical sections were obtained and stored on a optical disk. Color pictures were printed by a video copy processor. The results were as follows; 1. The positive ratio of VIP-IR cells in mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion were 7.40% in control group and 28.42% in experimental group(14 days after pulp extirpation). 2. The relative fluorescence intensity of VIP-IR cells in mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion were 87.78 in control group and 138.65 in experimental group. The relative fluorescence intensity of experimental group was 58% higher than that of control group. 3. In optical serial section analysis of VIP-IR cells of experimental group, most of the 9 sections showed high fluorescence intensity. At high magnification, axons of the experimental group displayed greater VIP-IR than in the control group, and the positive cells were mainly of medium size. The result indicate that number and fluorescence intensity of VIP-IR cells were increased in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion following pulp extirpation of mandibular molar, and it suggests that VIP could play a role in processing of nociception.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1721-1724
• /
• 2013

Objective: To investigate the effect of epirubicin on soluble CD25 (sCD25) secretion by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells isolated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods: Treg cells were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from the newly diagnosed DBLCL patients. The concentration of sCD25 in the supernatant was determined with a commercial sCD25 (IL-2R) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The fluorescence intensity of CD25 was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Cell survival rate was significantly decreased along with the increase of epirubicin concentration after treatment for 24 h. There was also a significant difference in the concentration of sCD25 between the epirubicin group and the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation between the Treg cells survival rate and the concentration of sCD25 was detected (r=0.993, P<0.01). When equal numbers of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of the epirubicin group and the control group were cultured for another 24 h without epirubicin the CD25 fluorescence intensity on the surface of Treg cells was obviously higher in the epirubicin group than that in the control group (P<0.01), while the sCD25 concentration in the supernatant in the epirubicin group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Epirubicin may improve the body's immune functions by inhibiting the sCD25 secretion by Treg cells in DLBCL patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.77 no.3
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2014

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow or adipose tissue can successfully repair emphysematous animal lungs, which is a characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we describe the cellular distribution of MSCs that were intravenously injected into mice with elastase-induced emphysema. The distributions were also compared to the distributions in control mice without emphysema. Methods: We used fluorescence optical imaging with quantum dots (QDs) to track intravenously injected MSCs. In addition, we used a human Alu sequence-based real-time polymerase chain reaction method to assess the lungs, liver, kidney, and spleen in mice with elastase-induced emphysema and control mice at 1, 4, 24, 72, and 168 hours after MSCs injection. Results: The injected MSCs were detected with QD fluorescence at 1- and 4-hour postinjection, and the human Alu sequence was detected at 1-, 4- and 24-hour postinjection in control mice (lungs only). Injected MSCs remained more in mice with elastase-induced emphysema at 1, 4, and 24 hours after MSCs injection than the control lungs without emphysema. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that injected MSCs were observed at 1 and 4 hours post injection and more MSCs remain in lungs with emphysema.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.434-439
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to compare the dental plaque reduction using various mouthwashes with Quantitative Light induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D). A survey on 20 students was carried out. The students who were at Shingu College. Experimental group was gargled 20 ml of Listerine during 30 seconds and 15 ml of Hexamedine during 60 seconds. Control group was gargled distilled water during 30 second. The data were analyzed with t-test using SPSS 20.0 program. The ratios of control group and experimental group were reduced. Degree of ${\Delta}R30$ and ${\Delta}R70$ Listerine group was a significant difference (p>0.05). Degree of Simple Plaque Score and ${\Delta}R30$ Hexamedine group was a significant difference (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the distilled water gargle group (p<0.05). The result of this study has the effect of two mouthwashes reduced dental plaque. The evaluation data of this study will be used in clinical application and research about QLF-D.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.391-400
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of remineralization effects of various anti-cariogenic toothpastes on artificial carious lesions in primary and permanent teeth using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) system. Sound human primary (n = 48) and permanent teeth (n = 48) were randomly divided into following groups : control group (Group 1), fluoride toothpaste (Group 2), functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP) + fluoride toothpaste (Group 3), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) toothpaste (Group 4). Specimens were prepared by exposure in a demineralizing solution and then treated using the different toothpastes twice daily during 14 days. All specimens were analyzed with the QLF-D system. QLF data analysis indicated three different toothpastes showed significant remineralizing effects compared to Group 1 in both primary and permanent teeth. Also, the remineralizing effects in Group 3 and 4 were significantly higher than in Group 2. This study suggested that the toothpastes containing fTCP + fluoride and CPP-ACP have the significant anti-cariogenic effects on enamel demineralization in both primary and permanent teeth, and QLF-D is an useful device to assess the incipient carious lesion and remineralization effects of the anti-cariogenic materials quantitatively. Therefore, clinicians can consider the QLF-D system for the evaluation of demineralization and remineralization in primary and permanent teeth.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2020.08a
• /
• pp.55-55
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence reactions of three Ardisia genus grown under various indoor light intensity conditions with the aim of evaluating their suitability as indoor plants. Young seedlings of A. crispa (Thunb.) A.DC., A. pusilla DC., and A. japonica (Thunb.) Blume were used in the experiment. The plants were cultivated indoors for 10 weeks under different light intensities: 10, 50, 100, and 200 PPFD (μmol·m^-2·s^-1), and their growth was compared with that of plants cultivated in a greenhouse during the same period (mean value 236.8±20.4 PPFD at noon). Also, chlorophyll fluorescence analysis was investigated with a portable PAM fluorometer. The indoor plants were maintained at 12/12 h photoperiod, temperature at 25±1℃, and humidity at 55±3%. Irrigation frequency (once every three days) was the same for the indoors and the greenhouse. The results of growth in three Ardisia plants showed that almost all parameters except leaf number and chlorophyll content had similar levels regardless of light intensity. A. crispa and A. pusilla plants grown in 200 PPFD were investigated to have low chlorophyll contents. Meanwhile, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters differed based on light levels. In A. crispa, the Fv/Fm (0.77), DIo/RC (0.47) and Fm/Fo (4.77) parameters tended to be poor at 200 PPFD compared to those at other light intensities. Similarly, the DIo/RC, Fm/Fo, and Pi_Abs parameters of A. pusilla plant (200 PPFD) are 0.45, 4.48 and 2.42, respectively, which can be considered stress. The analysis of fluorescence in A. japonica showed that all parameters except ETo/RC had similar levels regardless of light intensity. The ETo/RC parameter was 0.49 and 0.72 in the control plants and plants 200 PPFD, respectively, which was lower than those in plants at other light intensities. Therefore, it seems that the relatively high light intensity acted as a stressor for Ardisia plants.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2018

To improve survival rates of vitrified pig oocytes, the treatment of cytoskeletal stabilizer on an appropriate time is one of the possible approaches. However, the exact treatment timing and effect of cytoskeletal stabilizer such as cytochalasin B (CB) is not well known during oocyte vitrification procedures. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine optimal treatment timing of CB during vitrification and warming procedures. In experiment 1, the survival rates of the postwarming pig oocytes were analyzed by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assays with 4 classifications. In results, post-warming oocytes showed significantly (p<0.05) decreased number of alive oocytes (31.8% vs. 86.4%) compared to fresh control. In detail, the significant difference (p<0.05) was found only in strong fluorescence (18.2% vs. 70.5%) not in intermediate fluorescence groups (13.6% vs. 15.9%). In experiment 2, CB was treated before (CB-Vitri) and after (Vitri-CB) vitrification. In results, group of Vitri-CB showed significantly (p<0.05) higher (91.6%) survival rates compared to group of CB-Vitri (83.7%), significantly (p<0.05) and comparable with group of Vitri Control (88.7%) by morphological inspection. In FDA assay results, group of Vitri-CB showed significantly (p<0.05) higher (44.2%) survival rates compared to groups of CB-Vitri (36.7%) and Vitri Control (35.1%). In conclusion, the increased survival rates of post-warming pig oocyte treated with Vitri-CB method are firstly described here. The main finding of present study is that the CB treatment during recovery could be helpful to refresh the post-warming pig oocyte resulting its improved survival rates.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2005

Prostaglandin $E_1$($PGE_1$) is known to have various physiological action such as vasodilatation, decrease of blood pressure, angiogenesis, inhibition of platelet aggregation and so forth. $PGE_1$ has been developed in many different formulations in order to overcome its chemical instability and deactivation in the lungs when administered parenterally. Lipo-AS013 is a potent drug with higher chemical stability and greater vascular wall targeting than others. The study was done on $3{\times}10cm$ model flap of dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats and the flap perfusion survival were observed and documented. The flap treated with Lipo-AS013 beforehand was given intravenously Sodium fluorescein 10 minutes later, and then Percent Dye Fluorescence Index(% DFI) was calculated. The results were compared to a control group and the group administered locally epinephrine.. In the control group, the % DFI and flap survival rate increased from $54.1{\pm}6.7$ to $65.0{\pm}2.6$(p<0.01) while in Lipo-AS013 group from $55.3{\pm}2.2$ to $67.4{\pm}1.9$(p<0.01), respectively. In the epinephrine group, the % DFI(p<0.05) and flap survival rate(p<0.001) decreased. In the both epinephrine and Lipo-AS013 group Percent DFI and flap survival rate are comparable with the control group.The result indicates that the potent Lipo-AS013 enhances the blood flow and flap survival. This highly potent Lipo-AS013 may have targeting ability and accumulate $PGE_1$ onto the vascular walls. A quantitative analysis of fluorescence on the skin surface is a reliable tool to measure the blood perfusion into an ischemic flap and its viability. Further comparative study with conventional $PGE_1$ and Lipo-$PGE_1$ is needed in order to clarify the action and efficiency of Lipo-AS013.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 1999

Purpose: Ionizing radiations have been reported as an apoptosis initiating stimulus in various cells and it has established that sustained elevations in [Ca/sup 2+/] can lead to DNA fragmentation by Ca/sup 2+/-dependent endonucleases, ultimately resulting in apoptotic cell death. The previous experiments have been reported by using primarily thymocytes and lymphocytes and the change of [Ca/sup 2+/] was measured only by minutes or hours respectively. We need to evaluate [Ca/sup 2+/] in both several minutes and hours after irradiation of radiation of radiation therapy and verify the apoptotic cells. Materials and Methods: We have measured [Ca/sup 2+/] in human gingival epitheloid cancer cell with 10Gy irradiation, at minutely intervals and hourly intervals using digitized video-intensified fluorescence microscopy and the fluorescent Ca/sup 2+/ indicator dye, fura-2. In order to find out that the transient rise in [Ca/sup 2+/] could induced apoptosis, cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37℃ with TdT enzyme, rinsed and resuspended containing fluorescence and observed under a confocal fluorescence microscope. MTT assay was done to determine cell activity and LDH assay was done to determine the amount of necrotic cells. Results: After irradiation, the transient and temporal increasing of [Ca/sup 2+/] in the KB cells was founded. Though, there was no change in the intracellular [Ca/sup 2+/] at 30 minutes and 2 hours after irradiation. We could detect of DNA fragmented cells at 4 hours after 10Gy irradiated cells. There were no significant differences between 4 hour, 1 day, 3 day cells. There were no significant differences in MTT and LDH assay between the irradiated group and the control group after 4 hours and 1 day. Though after 3 days there were differences in MTT and LDH assay between the irradiated group was significantly decreased than the control group, in LDH assay the number of necrotic cell death of the irradiated was higher than the control group. Conclusion: In KB cells there were incipient and temporal increasing of the [Ca/sup 2+/] with 10Gy irradiation and the apoptosis was founded from 4 hours later which was earlier than seeing of the change of the amount of the cellular ability and necrosis.