• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.785-791
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• 1993

변온 조건하에서 백미를 저장했을때 수분활성에 따른 과당의 변화를 고찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 과당은 저장 초기에 0차반응으로 증가하다가 일정시간 이후 1차반응으로 감소하였다. 반응속도는 수분 활성과 자장온도가 높을수록 빨랐고, 각 수분활성에서의 활성화에너지는 과당 증가시 10.76~19.56, 감소시는 4.53~8.40kcal/mole이었다. 그리고 $Q_{10}$값은 증가시 1.74~2.74, 감소시는 1.26~1.54였다. Accelerated shelf-life test로 부터 구한 $25^{\circ}C$에서의 shelf-life는 수분활성 (0.44, 0.52, 0.65, 0.75)에 따라 252, 212, 193, 162일의 범위였으며, 온도와 수분활성이 증가함에 따라 단축되었다. 변온조건에서의 실측치와 예측치를 비교한 결과 유효 온도차는 과당 증가시 0.49~2.52, 감소에서는 1.03~2.02의 차이를 보였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1986

The presenet research attempts to examine the combustion characteristics and the structure of the flame in turbulent premixed flames and thus enhance the combustion performance that leads to the design of the effective combustion system (untilizing LNG). Following experimental investigations for several stabilized premixed flames were attempted to identify the interactive mechanism between flame structures and flow fields; Visualization by Schlieren method, measurement of flow velocity by LDV, detection of ion current by ion probe, measurement of fluctuating temperature by thermocouple having compensation circuit, average values with respect to time of fluctuating amount for flow velocity, temperature, ion current, etc., variable RMS values, PDFs, autocorrelation, crosscorrelation, spatial macroscale, power spectra, and velocity scale. Continuing the authors published studies whose flame dominated by coherent structures and the characteristics of combustion reaction for irregular three dimensional flame and stabilized flame by step were investigated with obtained experimental quantities. Results of this research are following : The most turbulent flames support the structure of a Wrinkled laminar flame or laminar flamelets. It also observed that combustion reaction is related to small tubulence microscales of the turbulent flow fields closly.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.314-339
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• 1982

Fluctuating climate is still most important environmental constrain, although improved modem agricultural technology has succeeded to increase crop production in the world. To stabilize the food production under fluctuating weather conditions, it is very needed to obain the quantitative information of interactions between crops and climate. The main purpose of this paper is three hold. Using the JIBP-data, the dry matter accumulation of rice crops is studied in relation to weather indexes (\SigmaTa and \SigmaSt). Temperature dependence of the yield index of rice is analyzed as to air temperature and water temperature. \SigmaT$_{10}$ -fluctuations are studied using meteorological data at various stations. The possible shift of \SigmaT$_{10}$ -isopleths due to climate fluctuation is evaluated. The second interest is in the plant climate of rice crops. Using results of canopy photosynthesis, it is pointed that the canopy structure has most important implication in plant climate. Leaf-air, stomatal, and mesophyll resistances of rice crops are described in relation to weather conditions. The change in light condition and aerodynamical property of rice crops with the growth is illustrated. The energy partition is also studied at different growing stages. Third point is to show in more detail effective countermeasures against cold irrigation water and cool summer. Heat balance of warming pond and polyethylene tube as a heat exchanger is studied to make nomo-grams for evaluating the necessary area and necessary length. Effects of windbreak net on rice crops are illustrated by using experimental and simulation results.lts.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

건조온도(25, $45^{\circ}C$)를 달리한 건조새우를 수분활성을 달리하여 저장하였을 때의 갈변반응 및 shelf-life는 다음과 같다. 1. 저장중 갈변반응은 온도, 수분활성이 높을수록 촉진되었다. 2. Arrhenius식으로부터 구한 활성화 에너지는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 새우의 경우 $13.57{\sim}14.33kcal/mol$의 범위였으며, $45^{\circ}C$의 경우 $13.12{\sim}13.61kca1/mol$로서 $45^{\circ}C$의 경우가 $25^{\circ}C$보다 다소 낮은 값을 보였다. 3. Shelf-life는 온도와 수분 활성이 증가함에 따라 급격히 단축되었는데 $25^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 새우의 경우 수분 활성 0.65 저장 온도 $55^{\circ}C$에서 4일, 수분활성 0.33 저장 온도 $35^{\circ}C$에서 139일이었고, $45^{\circ}C$의 경우 수분 활성 0.65 저장 온도 $55^{\circ}C$에서 1일, 수분활성 0.33 저장 온도 $35^{\circ}C$에서 76일로서 $25^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 것의 shelf-life가 더 길게 나타났다. 4. 변온 조건에서의 저장 실험결과와 이론적으로 예측한 값사이의 유효 온도 차이는 예측치보다 실측치가 높게 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2016년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.223-227
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• 2016

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1028-1039
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• 1996

This study was focused on the examination of the flame structure and the combustion characteristics of diffusion flame which was formed the turbulent shear flow of a double coaxial air jet system. The shear flow was formed by the difference velocity of surrounding air jet(U$\_$s/) and center air jet (U$\_$c/). So experimental condition was divided S-type flame (.lambda. > 1) and C-type flame (.lambda. < 1) by velocity ratio .lambda. (=U$\_$s//U$\_$c/). For examination of the flame structure and the combustion characteristics in diffusion flame, coherent structure was observed in flame by schlieren photograph method. We measured fluctuating temperature and ion current simultaneously and accomplished the statistical analysis of its. According to schlieren photograph, the flame was stabilized in the rim of the direction of lower velocity air jet, coherent eddy was produced and developed by higher velocity air jet. The statistical data of fluctuating temperature and ion current was indicated that reaction was dominated by higher velocity air jet. The mixing state of burnt gas and non-burnt gas was distributed the wide area at Z = 100 mm of C-type flame.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1984

Lysine is known as a limiting amino acid in rice. In addition, it is considered to be important in that it is easily non-activated by the browning reaction during processing or storage. The present study was designed to utilize a kinetic approach to analyse the effect of temperature and water activity on available lysine loss in rice. Simplified kinetic models were used to obtain the various kinetic parameters for available lysine loss in rice subjected to accelerated shelf-life tests (ASLT). These kinetic parameters were then used to predict protein quality loss under the non-steady state storage. The predicted losses were compared to the actual losses. As expected, available lysine loss was increased with increased temperature and water activity. The activation energies and $Q_{10}$ values for available lysine loss ranged from 4.03 to 5.10 Kcal/ mole and 1.22 to 1.27, respectively, The shelf-lives at $25^{\circ}C$, the time to reach 25% loss of the available lysine, which was derived from the accelerated shelf-life tests showed 67 to 107 days according to $a_w$'s. The amount of loss for the fluctuating condition was greater than that occurring at the mean temperature of $45^{\circ}C$. Actually, the differences in effective temperature for the fluctuating storage were between about 4 and $6^{\circ}C$. In predicting the extent of loss using constant state data, the predicted shelf-lives were 2 to 7 days shorter than the actual storage values.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2004

Combustion using oxygen enriched air is an energy saving technology that can increase thermal efficiency by improving the burning rate and by increasing the flame temperature. Flame figures, OH radical intensities, temperature distributions and emissions concentration were examined according to oxygen enriched concentration(OEC) in a turbulent diffusion flat flame. As long as the oxygen enriched concentration was increased, the length and volume of the flat flame was decreased while OH radical intensity was raised and the flame temperature was increased. However, RMS of the fluctuating temperature was decreased, and more homogeneous temperature field was formed. Thermal NO also was increased with increase of oxygen enriched concentration, but CO was decreased due to the increase of chemical reaction rate.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1234-1243
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 선회가 없는 중심기류와 주위기류의 난류 전단층에서 형성되는 난류확산화염의 천이영역(transition region)에 주목하여 전단층내의 혼합작용과 화염 구조와의 상호작용을 규명하기 위해 거시적 및 순간적인 화염구조에 대해 실험적으로 조사 연구한 결과를 보고한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2013

This study aimed to compare the dynamics of air temperature and velocity under two different ventilation and housing systems during summer and winter in Korea. The $NH_3$ concentration of both housing systems was also investigated in relation to the pig's growth. The ventilation systems used were; negative pressure type for the enclosed pig house (EPH) and natural airflow for the conventional pig house (CPH). Against a highly fluctuating outdoor temperature, the EPH was able to maintain a stable temperature at 24.8 to $29.1^{\circ}C$ during summer and 17.9 to $23.1^{\circ}C$ during winter whilst the CPH had a wider temperature variance during summer at 24.7 to $32.3^{\circ}C$. However, the temperature fluctuation of the CPH during winter was almost the same with that of EPH at 14.5 to $18.2^{\circ}C$. The NH3 levels in the CPH ranged from 9.31 to 16.9 mg/L during summer and 5.1 to 19.7 mg/L during winter whilst that of the EPH pig house was 7.9 to 16.1 mg/L and 3.7 to 9.6 mg/L during summer and winter, respectively. These values were less than the critical ammonia level for pigs with the EPH maintaining a lower level than the CPH in both winter and summer. The air velocity at pig nose level in the EPH during summer was 0.23 m/s, enough to provide comfort because of the unique design of the inlet feature. However, no air movement was observed in almost all the lower portions of the CPH during winter because of the absence of an inlet feature. There was a significant improvement in weight gain and feed intake of pigs reared in the EPH compared to the CPH (p<0.05). These findings proved that despite the difference in the housing systems, a stable indoor temperature was necessary to minimize the impact of an avoidable and highly fluctuating outdoor temperature. The EPH consistently maintained an effective indoor airspeed irrespective of season; however the CPH had defective and stagnant air at pig nose level during winter. Characteristics of airflow direction and pattern were consistent relative to housing system during both summer and winter but not of airspeed. The ideal air velocity measurement favored the EPH and therefore can be appropriate for the Korean environment. Further emphasis on its cost effectiveness will be the subject of future investigations.