• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.845-850
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• 2003

Unsteady nature of a tip leakage vortex in an axial flow fan operating at a design and off-design operating conditions has been investigated by measuring the velocity fluctuation in a blade passage with a rotating hotwire probe sensor. Two hot-wire probe sensors rotating with the fan rotor were also introduced to obtain the cross-correlation coefficient between the two sensors located in the vortical flow as well as the fluctuating velocity. The results show that the vortical flow structure near the rotor tip can be clearly observed at the quasi-orthogonal planes to a tip leakage vortex. The leakage vortex is enlarged as the flow rate is decreased, thus resulting in the high blockage to main flow. The spectral peaks due to the fluctuating velocity near the rotor tip are mainly observed in the reverse flow region at higher flow rates than the peak pressure operating condition. However, no peak frequency presents near the rotor tip for near stall condition.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.371-391
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• 2021

Tornadoes are the most devastating meteorological natural hazards. Many empirical and theoretical numerical models of tornado vortex have been proposed, because it is difficult to carry out direct measurements of tornado velocity components. However, most of existing numerical models fail to explain the physical structure of tornado vortices. The present paper proposes a new empirical numerical model for a tornado vortex, and its load effects on a low-rise and a tall building are calculated and compared with those for existing numerical models. The velocity components of the proposed model show clear variations with radius and height, showing good agreement with the results of field measurements, wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics. Normal stresses in the columns of a low-rise building obtained from the proposed model show intermediate values when compared with those obtained from existing numerical models. Local forces on a tall building show clear variation with height and the largest local forces show similar values to most existing numerical models. Local forces increase with increasing turbulence intensity and are found to depend mainly on reference velocity Uref and moving velocity Umov. However, they collapse to one curve for the same normalized velocity Uref / Umov. The effects of reference radius and reference height are found to be small. Resultant fluctuating force of generalized forces obtained from the modified Rankine model is considered to be larger than those obtained from the proposed model. Fluctuating force increases as the integral length scale increases for the modified Rankine model, while they remain almost constant regardless of the integral length scale for the proposed model.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1986

The presenet research attempts to examine the combustion characteristics and the structure of the flame in turbulent premixed flames and thus enhance the combustion performance that leads to the design of the effective combustion system (untilizing LNG). Following experimental investigations for several stabilized premixed flames were attempted to identify the interactive mechanism between flame structures and flow fields; Visualization by Schlieren method, measurement of flow velocity by LDV, detection of ion current by ion probe, measurement of fluctuating temperature by thermocouple having compensation circuit, average values with respect to time of fluctuating amount for flow velocity, temperature, ion current, etc., variable RMS values, PDFs, autocorrelation, crosscorrelation, spatial macroscale, power spectra, and velocity scale. Continuing the authors published studies whose flame dominated by coherent structures and the characteristics of combustion reaction for irregular three dimensional flame and stabilized flame by step were investigated with obtained experimental quantities. Results of this research are following : The most turbulent flames support the structure of a Wrinkled laminar flame or laminar flamelets. It also observed that combustion reaction is related to small tubulence microscales of the turbulent flow fields closly.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회논문집; 한국과학기술회관; 6 Nov. 1997
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• pp.263-270
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• 1997

For a cylinder in a uniform flow stream, sound is generated by the fluctuating pressure on the cylinder surface due to the vortex shedding behind the cylinder. It is known that the major parameters to predict the sound pressure are the characteristic length of the flow along the cylinder axis and the fluctuating lift coefficient. These parameters strongly depend on the Reynolds number and the yaw angle of the cylinder to the free stream. In this experimental study the effects of yaw on the flow parameters, and consequently on the generated sound are investigated. The surface pressure and the radiated sound are measured simultaneously for different yaw angles and showed that the reduced normal velocity component to the cylinder axis reduces the unsteady lift fluctuation which results in lowered sound press-are level, However, experimental result shows that "the cosine law" which uses the normal velocity component as a characteristic velocity for noise Generation from a yawed cylinder needs to be carefully reviewed. reviewed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2012

Codes for structural design usually assume that the incident mean wind velocity is parallel to the ground, which constitutes a valid simplification for frequent winds caused by sypnoptic events. Wind effects due to other phenomena, such as thunderstorm downbursts, are simply neglected. In this paper, results of recent and ongoing research on this topic in Brazil are presented. The model of the three-dimensional wind velocity field originated from a downburst in a thunderstorm (TS), proposed by Ponte and Riera for engineering applications, is first described. This model allows the generation of a spatially and temporally variable velocity field, which also includes a fluctuating component of the velocity. All parameters are related to meteorological variables, which are susceptible of statistical assessment. An application of the model in the simulation of the wind climate in a region sujected to both EPS and TS winds is discussed next. It is shown that, once the relevant meteorological variables are known, the simulation of the wind excitation for purposes of design of transmission lines, long-span crossings and similar structures is feasible. Complementing the theoretical studies, wind velocity records during a recent TS event in southern Brazil are presented and preliminary conclusions on the validity of the proposed models discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1028-1039
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• 1996

This study was focused on the examination of the flame structure and the combustion characteristics of diffusion flame which was formed the turbulent shear flow of a double coaxial air jet system. The shear flow was formed by the difference velocity of surrounding air jet(U$\_$s/) and center air jet (U$\_$c/). So experimental condition was divided S-type flame (.lambda. > 1) and C-type flame (.lambda. < 1) by velocity ratio .lambda. (=U$\_$s//U$\_$c/). For examination of the flame structure and the combustion characteristics in diffusion flame, coherent structure was observed in flame by schlieren photograph method. We measured fluctuating temperature and ion current simultaneously and accomplished the statistical analysis of its. According to schlieren photograph, the flame was stabilized in the rim of the direction of lower velocity air jet, coherent eddy was produced and developed by higher velocity air jet. The statistical data of fluctuating temperature and ion current was indicated that reaction was dominated by higher velocity air jet. The mixing state of burnt gas and non-burnt gas was distributed the wide area at Z = 100 mm of C-type flame.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.847-864
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 연료분출에 박리가 있는 경우와 없는 경우 각각에 대하여 화염 대 근처의 국부가속 현상이 박리에 의하여 어떻게 영향을 받는가를 실험적으로 규명하 고, 나아가서 종래에 행해져 왔던 관련 연구 결과를 재검토할려고 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2020

전열관군으로 이루어진 열교환기에서 유동에 따른 진동은 전열 관군 배관의 파손을 유발할 수 있어서 열교환기에서 유동 유발 진동 특성을 규명할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 전열 관군의 원관에서 입구의 유속이 일정한 경우와 주기적인 변동이 있는 경우에 대하여 시간에 따라 전열 관군 원관 1, 10 그리고 마지막 19번 원관에서 와류의 시간 변동 특성을 살펴보고 양력의 시간 변화 특성과 PSD 특성을 분석하여 전열 관군 원관에서 전방류의 주기적인 속도 변동에 따른 유동 특성을 규명하였다. 일정 입구 유속의 경우는 칼만 와류가 후류에 있는 원관의 유동에 영향을 미치고 있고 후류의 전열관군과 전방의 전열관군에서의 와류는 다소 시간적인 차이를 보여주지만 같은 주기의 칼만 와류를 발생하고 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 주기적인 입구 유속의 경우는 전열 관군에서 와류가 강한 유동이 흐르다가 유속이 줄어들 때는 와류가 약한 유동이 흐르는 것이 반복됨을 알 수 있다. 일정 입구 유속의 경우는 양력의 PSD로 살펴본 결과 주파수는 37.25Hz이며 19번 원관의 경우는 18.63Hz와 50Hz 근방에서 주파수가 관찰 되었다. 주기적인 입구 유속의 경우는 37.25Hz와 속도 주기인 18.63Hz에서 주된 주파수 특성을 보여주었다. 마지막 원관인 19번 원관은 20Hz에서 50Hz 사이에서 많은 피크 주파수를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권4호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2020

Practical non-synoptic fluctuating wind often exhibits nonstationary features and should be modeled as nonstationary random processes. Generally, the coherence function of the fluctuating wind field has time-varying characteristics. Some studies have shown that there is a big difference between the fluctuating wind field of the coherent function model with and without time variability. Therefore, it is of significance to simulate nonstationary fluctuating wind field with time-varying coherent function. However, current studies on the numerical simulation of nonstationary fluctuating wind field with time-varying coherence are very limited, and the proposed approaches are usually based on the traditional spectral representation method with low simulation efficiency. Especially, for the simulation of multi-variable wind field of large span structures such as transmission tower-line, not only the simulation is inefficient but also the matrix decomposition may have singularity problem. In this paper, it is proposed to conduct the numerical simulation of nonstationary fluctuating wind field in one-spatial dimension with time-varying coherence based on the wavenumber-frequency spectrum. The simulated multivariable nonstationary wind field with time-varying coherence is transformed into one-dimensional nonstationary random waves in the simulated spatial domain, and the simulation by wavenumber frequency spectrum is derived. So, the proposed simulation method can avoid the complicated Cholesky decomposition. Then, the proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to decompose the time-space dependent evolutionary power spectral density and the Fourier transform of time-varying coherent function, simultaneously, so that the two-dimensional Fast Fourier transform can be applied to further improve the simulation efficiency. Finally, the proposed method is applied to simulate the longitudinal nonstationary fluctuating wind velocity field along the transmission line to illustrate its performances.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.859-864
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• 2014

본 연구는 상류 쪽에 설치된 물체의 직경 변화에 따른 후류에 존재하는 하류 쪽 물체의 영향에 대해 조사한 실험적 연구이다. 풍동의 측정부에서 상류 쪽에는 알파벳 V자 형태의 물체를 삽입하고, 하류 쪽에는 로드셀을 장착한 원기둥을 설치하여 상류 쪽 물체의 직경 변화에 따라 후류의 유속분포가 어떻게 변화하는지를 조사하였다. 그리고 후류에 존재하는 원기둥의 위치를 변화시키면서 원기둥의 변동양력과 카르만 와류 방출 주파수를 조사하므로서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. i) 후류의 유속은 주유속보다 작다. ii) 상류 쪽 물체의 직경이 하류 쪽 물체의 직경보다 클 때 록크-인 현상이 일어난다. iii) 후류에 있는 원기둥의 변동양력이 최대가 되는 위치는 상류 쪽 물체의 직경의 변화에 따라 위치도 함께 변해야 한다.