• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2002

Chrysanthemum boreale M. (hereafter, C. boreale M.), a perennial flower, has been historically used as a natural medicine in Korea. With increasing concerns for health-improving foods, the demand for C. boreale M. has become higher than ever. Howevr, the amount of wild C. boreale M. collected from mountainous areas is not enough to cover all demands. The cultivation system and fertilization strategy are required to meet increasing demand on C. boreale M. with a good quality. We investigated the effects of nitrogen application on plant growth and effective components of C. boreale M. to suggest optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization. C. boreale M. was cultivated in a pot scale (1/2000a scale), and nitrogen applied with rate of 0(N0), 50(N50), 100(N100), 150(N150), 200(N200), and $250(N250)kg\;ha^{-1}$. Phosphate and potassium were applied at the same level ($P_2O_5-K_2O=80-80kg\;ha^{-1}$) in all treatments. Maximum yield achieved in 246 and $226kg\;ha^{-1}$ N treatment on the whole plant and the flower part, a valuable part as a herbal medicine, respectively. Proline was the most abundant amino acid in the flower of C boreal M. and the contents of amino acids increased with increasing nitrogen application rate in flower. Nitrogen recovery efficiency was high more than 41% in all nitrogen treatments and increased to 61.8% in nitrogen N100 treatment. From the nitrogen content, the high nitrogen uptake, the low residue of mineral N and the reasonably good apparent fertilizer recovery, it can be inferred that C. boreale M. made efficient use of the available nitrogen. In flower, contents of Cumambrin A. which is a sesquiterpene compound and has the effect of blood-pressure reduction, decreased with increasing nitrogen application. However, the amount of Cumambrin A in flower increased as nitrogen rate increased, because of increasing flower yield. Conclusively, nitrogen fertilization could increase yields and enhance quality. The optimum nitrogen application rate might be on the range of $225{\sim}250kg\;ha^{-1}$ in a mountainous soil.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil texture in agronomic characteristics, root yield and quality of baloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.). Three kinds of soil texture, sandy loam, silt loam and clay loam, were tested for two years. Baloon flowers were seeded with 20cm row space and cultivated in the one square meter pot with 0. 6m depth. Fifty plants per pot were remained. In growth characteristics of one-year-old plants, shooting date was not significantly different according to the changes of soil texture. The ratio of stem growth was highest between July and August. In two-years-old plants, it was showed between May and June. Plants grown on clay loam showed the highest growing characteristics than those of other soil textures. Dry root weight cultivated on clay loam was 274kg/10a in one-year-old and 934kg/10a in two-years-old plants. The content of ethanol extracts from root was highest at those of sandy loam as 47.1 % in one-year-old root. The crude saponin content was not different significantly among the three kinds of soil texture.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1979

To compare the effect of dikegulac (sodium 2,3 : 4, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonate) and ancymidol (${\alpha}$-cyclopropyl-${\alpha}$-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) on the growth and flowering responses of Salvia splendens cv. Bonfire, foliar spray of dikegulac at rates of 0.06 and 0.12% and ancymidol at rates of 50 and 100 ppm, and soil drench of ancymidol at rates of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/pot were treated. Dikegulac reduced the plant height and induced the lateral shoot development by disrupting apical dominance, and thus increased the number of inflorescences and retarded flowering date. Dikegulac treatment greatly increased chlorophyll content of leaf, especially chlorophyll a. Ancymidol reduced the plant height without disrupting apical dominance and retarding flower ing date, but did not increase inflorescence number except soil drench at rate of 0.1 mg/pct. Ancymidol treatment significantly increased chlorophyll content of leaf, especially chlorophyll a. Dikegulac can be effectively used as a pinching agent and branching agent for salvia.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

Sedum kamtschaticum has been used as one of the native valuable plants for ornamental purpose. This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum media for pot cultured Sedum kamtschaticum using peatmoss and coir-based mixtures. Four mixtures such as peatmoss:perlite(5:5, v/v), peatmoss:perlite(7:3, v/v), coir:perlite(5:5, v/v), and coir:perlite(7:3, v/v) were used. Plants were irrigated with a Sonneveld solution in an ebb & flow system. The content of T-N, K, and Ca in the peatmoss-based media was higher than those of the coir-based media. The concentration of T-N, K, and Ca in the shoots of Sedum kamtschaticum increased when plants were cultured with peatmoss-based media. In the peatmoss-based media, plant growth, such as number of branches, leaf length and shoot fresh and dry weights, were significantly increased than those of plant grown in the coir-based media. As the results, the optimum media for pot cultured Sedum kamtschaticum in an ebb & flow system was considered to be the peatmoss-based mixtures.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2008

Plug seedlings of vinca (Catharanthus roseus L. 'Pacifica Punch') and salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem & Schult 'Maestro') were transplanted into square plastic pots (145 mL volume) filled with a soilless growing medium. To determine the effect of application rate on the growing medium EC and growth of plants, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0 g per pot of a controlled release fertilizer (14-14-14 Osmocote, 14N-6.2P-11.6K) were mixed with the growing medium. Plants were subirrigated daily with tap water. In both vinca and salvia, growing medium EC increased as application rate was elevated. Growing medium EC was relatively constant over a whole crop period when the application rate was less than 1.5 g per pot, while it decreased throughout the experiment at higher application rates such as 2.0 to 4.0g per pot in both species. The greatest leaf area, plant height, and shoot dry weight of vinca were obtained when plants were fertilized with 2.0 to 4.0 g per pot of the fertilizer, resulting in a growing medium EC of $1.0{\sim}1.7dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ throughout the experiment. Leaf area, shoot dry weight, and chlorophyll content of salvia increased with elevated application rates. Leaf area, shoot dry weight, and chlorophyll content of salvia were the greatest when plants were fertilized with 4.0 g per pot, resulting in growing medium EC of $1.0{\sim}4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ throughout the experiment. Plant height of salvia was the greatest when plants were fertilized with 2.0 to 4.0g per pot. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in the shoots of vinca increased, while concentration of calcium (Ca) decreased with elevated application rates. Concentrations of boron (B) and manganese (Mn) in the shoots of vinca increased as the application rate decreased.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2012

In Korean apartment housing, balcony is semi-outdoor space for storage and drying laundry. Recently, this semi-outdoor balcony space has been merged into indoor living space with the legal permission of balcony extension. It results in disappearance of the original function of balcony in apartment housing. This study attempts to propose better utilization of balcony extension by analyzing how balcony has been extended and used, and what residents' needs are. This study asks 400 housewives living in apartment housing in Jangyu new urban area, Kyungnam. Findings are : 1) Balcony extensions are carried out in a living room, a large bedroom and a small bedroom. Most extensions are made for enlarging adjacent indoor living space; 2) Original balcony that is not extended is used for drying laundry, resting, flower pot, storing, and kid's playing; 3) The residents recognize that problems of balcony extension are the decreased heating efficiency, the reduced soundproofing effect, the loss of spare housework space, and the disappearance of buffer between indoor and outdoor space; 4) Many residents want to extend their balcony space of a small bedroom and a large bedroom and to keep the balcony space of a kitchen-dining room and a master bedroom as they are.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.858-862
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• 2015

This paper presents a new forward-viewing mono-camera based obstacle detection algorithm for mobile robots. The proposed method extracts the coarse location of an obstacle in an image using inverse perspective mapping technique from sequential images. In the next step, graph-cut based image labeling is conducted for estimating the exact obstacle boundary. The graph-cut based labeling algorithm labels the image pixels as either obstacle or floor as the final outcome. Experiments are performed to verify the obstacle detection performance of the developed algorithm in several examples, including a book, box, towel, and flower pot. The low illumination condition, low color contrast between floor and obstacle, and floor pattern cases are also tested.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 2012

This report describes recent advances in tissue culture and genetic transformation of commercial Phalaenopsis. Recently, an importance of Phalaenopsis has been increased due to its popularity with beautiful flowers and is widely used for pot plants as well as cut-flower. Its use is rapidly enlarging in worldwide. Thus, demands for the release of new elite cultivars in Phalaenopsis have been increased. During the last several decades, some critical progresses have been made in tissue culture and genetic transformation in Phalaenopsis species. Cooperation with these biotechnological methods are supposed to promote the release of commercial Phalaenopsis cultivars in the near future. Until now, no technical review on tissue culture and genetic transformation in Phalaenopsis has been reported in Korea. Therefore, we inquired the brief history and techniques of tissue culture system in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.176-186
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• 1982

Uptake and effects of treated Cd and Pb in rose moss and tomato were studied in pot cultures. Three horticulural plants on the roadside were tested to determine the contents of heavy metals in plant parts. Yields of rose moss were increased by the increase Pb concentrations in soil. Yields of rose moss by Cd treatment were decreased in 1, 000 ppm group, but increased in 500 ppm group. Portulaca grandiflora Hook. proved to be tolerent of Pb and Cd added in soil. Yields of tomato were decreased by an incrase of Pb concentration in soil, and tomato proved to be weak for Pb added in soil. Pb contents in root, stem, leaf, and flower and seed of rose moss were increased by an in crease of Pb concentration in soil Pb content in root was the highest among them. Pb content was the highest in root of tomato, but the lowest in the stem. Among the heavy metal contents metal contents of three horticultural plants collected by roadside, it was the Chrysanthemum which had the highest contents of heavy metal among them. The heavy metal contents in stem were less than in the other plnat parts in all three plants. The number of flowers in rose moss was decreased by an increase of Pb, and Cd concentration in soil, but in tomato it was increased by an increase of Pb concentration in soil. Amount of rose moss seeds which were collected after cultivation was decreased by Pb, and Cd treatment in soil.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2004

The shoots of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.) in vitro germinated from seeds were cultured on MS basal medium containing 0.1 mg/L NAA under the various sucrose concentrations and with/without membrane filter (MF) on the lid of vessel. The growth responses were checked to obtain healthy plantlets. The $CO_2$ and $C_2$H$_4$ concentration in vessel without MF were higher than those with MF. The $CO_2$ concentration without MF was increased as days in culture went by whereas the $C_2$H$_4$ concentration was decreased. The plant growth with MF and high sucrose concentration was good. Fresh and dry weight of plantlets cultured in sucrose 4.5% with MF were higher than those in no sucrose without MF. Also the content of chlorophyll of plantlets cultured with MF was high and the content of sugar was shown a similar results and a remarkable difference between MF treatments, especially. Stomata cultured with MF was closer than that without MF and mesophyll of leaf were more developed with MF or in high sucrose concentration. When the plantlets were transplanted in the pot at 25$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$, 75% relative humidity and low PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density), the percentage of survival after 13 days without MF was 0% but it was 100% with MF regardless of sucrose concentrations.