• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2024

Recent years have seen a notable increase in fire incidents in university cafeterias, yet the social attention to these occurrences remains limited. Despite quick responses to these incidents preventing loss of life, the need for large-scale evacuation in such high foot traffic areas can cause significant disruptions, economic losses, and panic among students. The potential for stampedes and unpredictable damage during inadequate evacuations underscores the importance of fire safety and evacuation research in these settings. Previous studies have explored evacuation models in various university environments, emphasizing the influence of environmental conditions, personal characteristics, and behavioral patterns on evacuation efficiency. However, research specifically focusing on university cafeterias is scarce. This paper addresses this gap by employing Pathfinder software to analyze fire spread and evacuation safety in a university cafeteria. Pathfinder, an advanced emergency evacuation assessment system, offers realistic 3D simulations, crucial for intuitive and scientific evacuation analysis. The studied cafeteria, encompassing three floors and various functional areas, often exceeds a capacity of 1500 people, primarily students, during peak times. The study includes constructing a model of the cafeteria in Pathfinder and analyzing evacuation scenarios under different fire outbreak conditions on each floor. The paper sets standard safe evacuation criteria (ASET > RSET) and formulates three distinct evacuation scenarios, considering different fire outbreak locations and initial evacuation times on each floor. The simulation results reveal the impact of the fire's location and the evacuation preparation time on the overall evacuation process, highlighting that fires on higher floors or longer evacuation preparation times tend to reduce overall evacuation time.In conclusion, the study emphasizes a multifaceted approach to improve evacuation safety and efficiency in educational settings. Recommendations include expanding staircase widths, optimizing evacuation routes, conducting regular drills, strengthening command during evacuations, and upgrading emergency facilities. The use of information and communication technology for managing emergencies is also suggested. These measures collectively form a comprehensive framework for ensuring safety in educational institutions during fire emergencies.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2024

This study examines the classification and typical characteristics of 148 owner shop houses existing in the historical city center of Cheongju. First, they can be classified into single-story, middle-story, and divided types according to the distribution of residential and commercial functions. The single-story(36) has 'ㅡ', 'ㄱ', and 'narrow and deep'-shaped arrangement, with stores on the front and houses on the rear. The middle-story second floor(89) is divided into a first-story store and a second-story house, and the third floor(23) has different functions for each floor, but more than half of them have houses on the second and third floors. Among the total, there are also 16 cases in which the division type is taken with different construction times and structures. Second, in the position of the stairs connected to the upper floor among the middle-floor types(112), the outer stair type(52) to separate from the living space while making the most of the stores on the first floor accounts for 47%, but the biggest feature is that the inner staircase type(34) with privacy reaches 30%. The rear stair room type(26) entering through alleyways or private yards is also 23%. Third, the front pillar spacing varies from 1bay to 4bay in appearance, but the 2bay type on the 2nd floor and the 1bay type on the 3rd floor occupy the largest proportion. This exterior type is a characteristic of a owner shop house that can measure the range of personal ownership. Despite the conflicting functions of stores and houses, 35~40% of the cases are in which the opening positions of the upper and lower floors are unified.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2014

자연방사선 물질인 라돈($^{222}Rn$)은 암석이나 토양 또는 건축자재 중에 들어있는 우라늄($^{238}U$)이 몇 단계의 방사성 붕괴 과정을 거친 후 생성되는 무색무취의 불활성기체로 지하 근무지나 밀폐된 공간과 같은 곳에서 잘 축적된다. 호흡기를 통하여 허파로 유입되고 라돈의 딸핵종이 허파나 기관지에 침적되어 폐암을 일으키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 초등학교 교실내의 공기 중 라돈가스농도을 비교하였으며 계측된 값을 이용하여 연간내부피폭량을 계산하였다. 초등학교 교실에서 측정된 라돈가스 피폭은 최소 5개교에서 층별 평균치가 창문을 닫을 때의 경우 1층 0.56mSv, 2층 0.48mSv, 3층 0.384mSv의 평균치가 나왔으며, 창문을 열었을 때의 경우 1층과 2층은 0.31mSv 수치로 같고 3층은 0.296mSv로평균치가 나왔다. 라돈에 대한 인체 피폭은 1층에서 피폭이 많고 3층에서는 피폭이 적었다. 창문을 닫았을 때의 경우 최대 0.56mSv 최소 0.384mSv로 자연방사선에 의한 연간피폭량에 2.4mSv 16%에서 23.3%를 차지하고 있다. 창문을 열었을 때의 경우 최대 0.31mSv 최소 0.296mSv로 연간피폭량 2.4mSv의 12.3%에서 12.91%를 차지한다. 결과로 보아 라돈가스 계측을 실시한 5개 초등학교의 경우 국내의 라돈기준치 이하로 나왔으며 내부피폭 역시 정상범위 내에 속한다. 사람에게 있어서 방사선피폭이 적으면 적을수록 인체에 대한 영향이 줄어들기 때문에 초등학교 교실 내에서 창문을 자주 환기한다면 즉, 공기 중 라돈농도를 최대한 줄인다면 라돈가스에 대한 피폭량을 줄일 수 있을 것이며 면역력이 약한 초등학생에게 도움이 될 것이다. 실험에 있어서 향후 더 많은 초등학교 기관에 대해 라돈가스 조사가 이루어지고 그에 따른 조치를 행한다면 보다 더 안전한 초등학교 건물시설 확립에 도움이 될 것이라 생각된다.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2003

A partition integrated air supply system can provide highly personalized environmental control. The supply air is brought up through raised floors and supplied to outlets located on the partition panels. The purpose of this paper is to find out the best design of outlets for optimal occupant comfort within a personal task area. Real scale experiments were conducted to allow for comparisons of outlet designs within a personal task area. Experimental results indicate that the location of an outlet is the most critical factor in improving the efficiency of supply air distribution of a personal task area. Thermal characteristic comparisons were made between the under-floor and the partition supply systems. Experimental results suggest that the partition supply system is more efficient than the under-floor supply system in terms of cooling. Such a system allows occupants to personally control their immediate environment, resulting in higher productivity.

• 교육시설
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2007

This study clarifies the theoretical background and the floor plan characteristics of component schools in Small Schools Complexes. The recent researches have proved the enhancement of students' social relationship and school security in the new school environment. The findings fur the characteristics by analyzing the component schools from six school complexes follow: (1) Students can access their classrooms in component schools through main entrances, shared corridors and private corridors. (2) Teachers' area is segregated from students' area, which does not encourage the social relationship between teachers and students. (3) Some of special classrooms, which are generally considered as shared facilities in a Small Schools Complex, are planned within component schools for accommodating specialized educational programs. (4) A component school occupying multiple floors reduces Intelligibility of space and chances of users' visual contact to colleagues. Finally, this study proposed the alternative floor planning directions in order to improve users' social relationship in a component school.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2005

The increase of hish-rise residential-commercial buildings is required to cut down a term of works and the cost of construction. Reinforced concrete structures and steel framed reinforcement concrete that are commonly used have the difficulty in reducing them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a new precast concrete complex system and to analyze its economical feasibility. The economic analysis is performed through comparing the cost of a high-rise reinforced building that was already constructed with that of the new proposed precast concrete system, which is limited to structural frame work of typical floors. This study shows that the proposed precast concrete complex system is economical. Further research should be directed at including the influence of a term of works.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.5-10
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• 2004

Apartment Buildings have particularity to cluster together, especially, floor is close to resident, it is subject to dissatisfaction about impact noise between up and down floors. However, we require standard for counterplan to reduce the impact noise of floor. In point of fact, it difficult to objective evaluate for performance sound insulation that not physical sound volume but orignal form, means and effect of sound caused to complex noise in apartment house. Unique type of dwelling and structure pattern cause to noise of floor impact which is established by law for standard regulation. It is object to analysis and compare the result of performance sound insulation of upper floor impact and sample construct the subject resilient material of sound insulator

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1346-1354
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• 2006

Excessive acceleration experienced at the top floors in a building during wind storms affect the serviceability of the building with respect to occupant comfort and discomfort. Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and multiple tuned liquid damper (MTLD), which are passive control devices consisting of a rigid tank filled with liquid, are used to suppress vibration of structures. These TLD and MTLD offer several potential advantages-low costs, easy installation in existing structures and effectiveness even for small-amplitude vibrations. This study carries out a theoretical estimation of the most effective damping ratios that can be achieved by TLD and MTLD. Damping by TLD an MTLD reduced the frequency response of high-rise buildings by approximately 40% in urban and suburban areas.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.357-364
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• 2004

Recently, many high-rise apartment buildings using the box system composed of only reinforced connote walls and slabs, have been constructed In residential buildings such as apartments, vibrations occur from various sources and these vibrations transfer to neighboring residential units through walls and slabs. It is necessary to use a refined finite element model for an accurate vibration analysis of shear wall building structures. But it would take significant amount of computational time and memory if the entire building structure were subdivided into a finer mesh. Therefore an efficient analytical method, which has only translational DOFs perpendicular to walls or slabs by the matrix condensation technique, is proposed in this study to obtain accurate results in significantly reduced computational time.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2015

The ASHRAE Design Guide for Tall, Supertall and Megatall Building Systems was produced in collaboration with the CTBUH. The design guide outlines various tall building mechanical systems that are presently being designed or are planned for the future. Tall commercial buildings in particular present a series of design problems that set them apart from other functions. The Design Guide will be of interest to owners, architects, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers and other specialized engineers and consultants. This design guide addresses design issues for tall commercial buildings, which are very often mixed-use, and commonly consist of low level retail, office floors, residential units, and hotel uses.