• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.349-361
• /
• 2024

Excessive torsional behaviour is one of the major reasons for failure of buildings, as inferred from past earthquakes. Numerous seismic codes across the world specify a displacement-based or drift-based criterion for classifying buildings as torsionally irregular. In recent years, quite a few researchers have pointed out some of the inherent deficiencies associated with the current codal guidelines on torsional irregularity. This short communication paper aims to envisage the need for a revision of the displacement-based guidelines on torsional irregularity, and further highlight the appropriateness of a rotation-based criterion. A set of 6 reinforced concrete building models with asymmetric shear walls are analysed using ETABS v18.0.2, by varying the number of stories from 1 to 9, and the torsional irregularity coefficient of various stories is calculated using the displacement-based formula. Since rotation about the vertical axis is a direct indication of the twist experienced by a building, the calculated torsional irregularity coefficients of all stories are compared with the corresponding floor rotations. The conflicting results obtained for the torsional irregularity coefficients are projected through five categories, namely mismatch with floor rotations, inconsistency in trend, lack of clarity in incorporation of negative values, sensitivity to low values of displacement and error conceived in the mathematical formulation. The findings indicate that the irregularity coefficient does not accurately represent the torsional behaviour of buildings in a realistic sense. The Indian seismic code-based values of 1.2 and 1.4, which are used to characterize buildings as torsionally irregular are observed to be highly sensitive to the numerical values of displacements, rather than the actual degree of rotation. The study thus emphasizes the revision of current guidelines based on a more relevant rotation-based or eccentricity-based approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 1994

It is well recognized that structures designed to resist strong ground motions should be able to withstand substantial inelastic deformations. A simple procedure has been developed in this paper to monitor the dynamic earthquake response (time-history analysis) of both steel and concrete multistorey buildings in the inelastic range. The building is treated as a shear beam model with three degrees of freedom per floor. The entire analysis has been programmed to run on a microcomputer and can output time histories of displacements, velocities, accelerations and member internal forces at any desired location. A record of plastic hinge formation and restoration to elastic state is also provided. Such information can be used in aseismic analysis and design of multistorey buildings so as to control the damage and optimize their performance.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2009

The Monte Carlo procedure was used to simulate wind load effects on a light-frame low-rise structure of irregular shape and a main wind force resisting system. Two analytical models were studied: rigid-beam and rigid-plate models. The models assumed that roof diaphragms were rigid beam or rigid plate and shear walls controlled system behavior and failure. The parameters defining wall stiffness, including imperfections, were random and included wall stiffness, wall capacity and yield displacements. The effect of openings was included in the simulation via a set of discrete multipliers with uniform distribution. One and two-story buildings were analyzed and the models can be expanded into multiple-floor structures provided that the assumptions made in this paper are not violated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.633-656
• /
• 2001

In this paper, modal control with direct output feedback is formulated in a systematic manner for easy implementation. Its application to the seismic protection of structural systems is verified by a shaking table test, which involves a full-scale building model and an active bracing system as the control device. Two modal control cases, namely, one full-state feedback and one direct output feedback control were tested and compared. The experimental result shows that in mitigating the seismic response of building structures, modal control with direct output feedback can be as effective and efficient as that with full-state feedback control. For practical concerns, the control performance of the proposed method in the presence of sensor noise and stiffness modeling error was also investigated. The numerical result shows that although the control force may be increased, the maximum floor displacements of the controlled structure are very insensitive to sensor noise and modeling error.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.333-350
• /
• 2013

This paper deals with the development of expressions relating structural seismic response parameters to the epicentral distances of an earthquake and the natural period of several reinforced concrete buildings (6, 9 and 12 storey), with three floor plans: symmetric, monosymmetric, and unsymmetric. These structures are subjected to seismic spectrum of accelerations collected during the Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May $21^{st}$, 2003, Mw=6.8) at different epicentral distances. The objective of this study is to develop relations between structural responses namely: base shear, storey displacements, interstory drifts and epicentral distance and fundamental period for a given earthquake. The seismic response of the buildings is carried out in both longitudinal transverse and directions by the response spectrum method (modal spectral approach).

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.551-558
• /
• 2015

비정형 고층건물의 경우 편심중력하중에 의해 횡변위가 발생한다. 일반해석은 완공시점에 건물 조건을 기준으로 모든 하중을 고려하기 때문에, 시공중 부재 수직도 확보를 통해 각 단계별 보정량을 반영할 수 없어 골조자중에 의한 횡변위를 과대평가한다. 시공단계해석은 통상적인 시공과정에서 각 층마다 바닥평활도 및 기둥/벽체 수직도를 확보하는 것을 고려하여 타설이전에 발생하는 변형각을 보정하기 때문에 일반해석의 한계를 보완할 수 있다. 또한 계측을 통해 타설시점의 좌표를 설계좌표점으로 시공할 경우 각 시공단계에서 추가적인 횡변위보정(원점보정)이 가능하다. 횡변위는 고층부로 갈수록 급격히 증가하므로, 이러한 사전해석을 통해 합리적인 보정계획 수립이 가능하며, 이러한 보정에도 횡변위 관리기준를 초과하는 경우는 선보정 계획을 수립하여야 한다. 이때 사전해석의 불확실성 측면을 고려하여 선보정량을 결정하고, 실제 건물거동의 모니터링을 통해 선보정계획을 지속적으로 수정하여 건물수직도를 확보할 필요가 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2017

In this paper, it is aimed to present a comparative study about the structural behavior of tall buildings consisting of different type of materials such as concrete, steel or timber using finite element analyses and experimental measurements on shaking table. For this purpose, two 1/60 scaled 28 and 30-stories wooden building models with $40{\times}40cm$ and $35{\times}35cm$ ground/floor area and 1.45 m-1.55 m total height are built in laboratory condition. Considering the frequency range, mode shapes, maximum displacements and relative story drifts for structural models as well as acceleration, displacement and weight limits for shaking table, to obtain the typical building response as soon as possible, balsa is selected as a material property, and additional masses are bonded to some floors. Finite element models of the building models are constituted in SAP2000 program. According to the main purposes of earthquake resistant design, three different earthquake records are used to simulate the weak, medium and strong ground motions. The displacement and acceleration time-histories are obtained for all earthquake records at the top of building models. To validate the numerical results, shaking table tests are performed. The selected earthquake records are applied to first mode (lateral) direction, and the responses are recorded by sensitive accelerometers. Comparisons between the numerical and experimental results show that shaking table tests are enough to identify the structural response of wooden buildings. Considering 20%, 10% and 5% damping rations, differences are obtained within the range 4.03-26.16%, 3.91-65.51% and 6.31-66.49% for acceleration, velocity and displacements in Model-1, respectively. Also, these differences are obtained as 0.49-31.15%, 6.03-6.66% and 16.97-66.41% for Model-2, respectively. It is thought that these differences are caused by anisotropic structural characteristic of the material due to changes in directions parallel and perpendicular to fibers, and should be minimized using the model updating procedure.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.1265-1271
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 유한요소 모델을 사용한 유체-구조 해석을 통하여 원자력 발전소 임시 받침대의 내진에 대한 안전성을 평가하였다. 임시받침대는 수중에 존재하기 때문에 유체-구조 연성을 통하여 유체의 영향을 고려하였다. 유체의 영향은 구조물의 단위길이당 추가질량으로 정의하여 적용하였다. 각각의 운전기준지진(OBE)과 안전정지지진(SSE)의 설계조건을 층응답스펙트럼(Floor Response Spectrum: FRS)으로 적용하여 진동해석과 내진해석을 수행하였다. 해석된 임시받침대의 최대변위는 운전기준지진에서 0.29mm 이고, 운전정지지진에서 최대변위는 0.36 mm 이다. 최대응력은 운전 기준지진에서 17.9 MPa, 안전정지지진에서 19.6 MPa 이며, 이 값은 재료의 항복강도의 23 %, 14 % 수준이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.277-297
• /
• 2014

Since the isolation bearings undergo large displacements in base-isolated structures, impact with adjacent structures is inevitable. Therefore, in this investigation, the effect of impact on seismic response of isolated structures mounted on double concave friction pendulum (DCFP) bearings subjected to near field ground motions is considered. A non-linear viscoelastic model of collision is used to simulate structural pounding more accurately. 2-, 4- and 8-story base-isolated buildings adjacent to fixed-base structures are modeled and the coupled differential equations of motion related to these isolated systems are solved in the MATLAB environment using the SIMULINK toolbox. The variation of seismic responses such as base shear, displacement in the isolation system and superstructure (top floor) is computed to study the impact condition. Also, the effects of variation of system parameters: isolation period, superstructure period, size of seismic gap between two structures, radius of curvature of the sliding surface and friction coefficient of isolator are contemplated in this study. It is concluded that the normalized base shear, bearing and top floor displacement increase due to impact with adjacent structure. When the distance between two structures decreases, the base shear and displacement increase comparing to no impact condition. Besides, the increase in friction coefficient difference also causes the normalized base shear and displacement in isolation system and superstructure increase in comparison with bi-linear hysteretic behavior of base isolation system. Totally, the comparison of results indicates that the changes in values of friction coefficient have more significant effects on 2-story building than 4- and 8-story buildings.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.495-504
• /
• 2018

The possibility of earthquakes in vulnerable regions indicates that efficient technique is required for seismic protection of buildings. During the recent decades, the concept is moving towards the insertion of base isolation on seismic prone buildings. So, investigation of structural behavior is a burning topic for buildings to be isolated in base level by bearing device. This study deals with the incorporation of base isolation system and focuses the changes of structural responses for different types of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) isolators. A number of sixteen model buildings have been simulated selecting twelve types of bearing systems as well as conventional fixed-base (FB) scheme. The superstructures of the high-rise buildings are represented by finite element assemblage adopting multi-degree of freedoms. Static and dynamic analyses are carried out for FB and base isolated (BI) buildings. The dynamic analysis in finite element package has been performed by the nonlinear time history analysis (THA) based on the site-specific seismic excitation and compared employing eminent earthquakes. The influence of the model type and the alteration in superstructure behavior of the isolated buildings have been duly assessed. The results of the 3D multistory structures show that the lateral forces, displacement, inertia and story accelerations of the superstructure of the seismic prone buildings are significantly reduced due to bearing insertion. The nonlinear dynamic analysis shows 12 to 40% lessening in base shear when LRB is incorporated leading to substantial allowance of horizontal displacement. It is revealed that the LRB isolators might be potential options to diminish the respective floor accelerations, inertia, displacements and base shear whatever the condition coincides. The isolators with lower force intercept but higher isolation period is found to be better for decreasing base shear, floor acceleration and inertia force leading to reduction of structural and non-structural damage. However, LRB with lower isolator period seems to be more effective in dropping displacement at bearing interface aimed at reducing horizontal shift of building structure.