• Water Engineering Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2005

The Brazos River is one of the longest rivers contained entirely in the state of Texas, flowing over 700 miles from northwest Texas to the Gulf of Mexico. Today, the Brazos River Authority and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality interest in drought protection plan, waterpower project, and allowing the appropriation of water system-wide and water right within the Brazos River Basin to meet water needs of customers like farmers and local civilians in the future. Especially, this purpose of this paper primarily intended to provide the data for the engineering guidelines and make easily geological mapping tool. In the Brazos River basin, many stream-flow gage station sites are not working, and they can not provide stream-flow data sets enough for development of the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) for use in the evaluation of proposed and existing dams and other impounding structures. Integrated GIS-Spatial Interpolation (GIS-SI) tool are composed of two parts; (1) extended GIS technique (new making interface for hydrological regionalization parameters plus classical GIS mapping skills), (2) Spatial Interpolation technique using weighting factors from kriging method. They are obtained from the relationship among location and elevation of geological watershed and existing stream-flow datasets. GIS-SI technique is easily used to compute parameters which get drainage areas, mean daily/monthly/annual precipitation, and weighted values. Also, they are independent variables of multiple linear regressions for simulation at un gaged stream-flow sites. In this study, GIS-SI technique is applied to the Brazos river basin in Texas. By assuming the ungaged flow at the sites of Palo Pinto, Bryan and Needville, the simulated daily/monthly/annual time series are compared with observed time series. The simulated daily/monthly/annual time series are highly correlated with and well fitted to the observed times series.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 1999

The optical sensors of Electro-Optical Camera (EOC) and Ocean Scanning Multi-spectral Imager (OSMI) aboard the KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite (KOMPSAT) will be placed in a sun synchronous orbit in late 1999. The EOC and OSMI sensors are expected to produce the land mapping imagery of Korean territory and the ocean color imagery of world oceans, respectively. Utilization of the EOC and OSMI data would encompass the various fields of science and technology such as land mapping, land use and development, flood monitoring, biological oceanography, fishery, and environmental monitoring. Readiness of data support for user community is thus essential to the success of the KOMPSAT program. As a part of testing such readiness prior to the KOMPSAT launch, we have performed the preliminary acceptance test for the KOMPSAT data processing system using the simulated EOC and OSMI data sets. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the readiness of the KOMPSAT data processing system, and to help data users understand how the KOMPSAT EOC and OSMI data are processed, archived, and provided. Test results demonstrate that all requirements described in the data processing specification have been met, and that the image integrity is maintained for all products. It is however noted that since the product accuracy is limited by the simulated sensor data, any quantitative assessment of image products can not be made until actual KOMPSAT images will be acquired.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to evaluate hydrologic impacts of climate change according to downscaling methods using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model at watershed scale. We used the APCC Integrated Modeling Solution (AIMS) for assessing various General Circulation Models (GCMs) and downscaling methods. AIMS provides three downscaling methods: 1) BCSA (Bias-Correction & Stochastic Analogue), 2) Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM), 3) SDQDM (Spatial Disaggregation and Quantile Delta Mapping). To assess future hydrologic responses of climate change, we adopted three GCMs: CESM1-BGC for flood, MIROC-ESM for drought, and HadGEM2-AO for Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) national standard scenario. Combined nine climate change scenarios were assessed by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). SWAT model was established at the Mankyung watershed and the applicability assessment was completed by performing calibration and validation from 2008 to 2017. Historical reproducibility results from BCSA, SQM, SDQDM of three GCMs show different patterns on annual precipitation, maximum temperature, and four selected ETCCDI. BCSA and SQM showed high historical reproducibility compared with the observed data, however SDQDM was underestimated, possibly due to the uncertainty of future climate data. Future hydrologic responses presented greater variability in SQM and relatively less variability in BCSA and SDQDM. This study implies that reasonable selection of GCMs and downscaling methods considering research objective is important and necessary to minimize uncertainty of climate change scenarios.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.215-215
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• 2019

우리나라 뿐만 아니라 세계 각지에서 태풍이나 집중호우로 인한 침수피해가 증가하고 있다. 그 원인으로는 수공구조물의 설계빈도를 초과하는 강우, 도시지역 확장으로 인한 불투수지역의 확대, 배수시설의 용량부족 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 수치지형도, 토양도, 토지이용도 등 누구나 쉽게 구할 수 있는 자료를 이용하여 홍수로 인한 피해가 발생하기 쉬운 지역을 선별하고자 하였다. 우선 강우가 지표면에 도달하게 되면 지표면의 경사, 토양의 특성, 토지이용 등에 영향을 받아 침투되지 못하고 표면에 고이게 되는데 이를 유출생성지도로 표현하였다. 그리고 이렇게 생성된 표면유출수가 지표면의 경사, 지표면의 요철(凹凸), 도로나 철도 등의 인공선형축 등에 영향을 받아 흐르기 쉬우며 이를 유출이동지도로 표현하였다. 또한, 이동된 유출수가 고이기 쉬운 저지대, 지표면의 요철 등으로 인해 누적되는 유출누적지도로 표현하였다. 유출생성지도는 이동, 누적지도의 입력자료가 되어 상류의 유출생성의 정도가 하류지역에 영향을 주도록 하였으며, 최종적으로 유출이 동지도와 누적지도가 실제 침수흔적도와 얼마나 일치하는지 확인하기 위해 서울시 침수흔적도와 비교하였다. 기존의 재해 지도를 얻기 위해서는 강우량을 조사하여 수치모형에 입력함으로써 1차원 또는 2차원의 침수예상도를 작성하는 반면에 본 연구에서는 지형 정보만을 가지고 취약지구를 선정하기 때문에 유역전체 또는 시, 도 단위로 광범위한 연구 영역에 적용이 가능하다. 또한, Spatial MCDM 등을 통해 여러 Raster 자료를 하나의 지표로 나타내기보다 유출수가 생성(또는 이동, 누적)되기 쉬운 지역을 1, 그렇지 않은 지역은 0으로 표현하는 이분법적 분석을 통해 가중치설정과 모호한 경계의 처리 때문에 사용자 및 자료에 따라 취약한 지역이 달라지는 것을 방지하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 표면 유출수로 인해 침수피해가 발생하기 쉬운 지역을 홍수취약지구로 선정하여 침수재해 중점관리 우선순위가 될 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2021

In general, the industrial complex is a place where factories of various industries are concentrated. It is only as efficient as it is designed. However, the risks vary as there are various industries. These features are also associated with various types of disasters. The dangers of natural disasters such as a typhoon, flood, and earthquake, as well as fire and explosions, are also latent. Many of these risks can make stable production and business activities difficult, resulting in massive direct and indirect damage. In particular, decades after its establishment, the vulnerabilities increase even more as aging and small businesses are considered. In this sense, it is significant to assess the vulnerability of the industrial complex. Thus analysing fire and explosion hazards as stage 1 of the vulnerability evaluation for the major potential disasters for the industrial complex. First, fire vulnerabilities were analyzed quantitatively. It is displayed in blocks for each company. The assessment block status and the fire vulnerability rating status were conducted by applying the five-step criteria. Level A is the highest potential risk step and E is the lowest step. Level A was 11.8% in 20 blocks, level B was 22.5% in 38 blocks, level C was 25.4% in 43 blocks, level D was 26.0% in 44 blocks, and level E was 14.2% in 24 blocks. Levels A and B with high fire vulnerabilities were analyzed at 34.3%. Secondly, the vulnerability for an explosion was quantitatively analyzed. Explosive vulnerabilities were analyzed at 4.7% for level A with 8 blocks, 3.0% for level B with 5, 1.8% for level C with 3, 4.7% for level D with 8, and 85.8% for level E with 145. Levels A and B, which are highly vulnerable to explosions, were 7.7 %. Thirdly, the overall vulnerability can be assessed by adding disaster vulnerabilities to make future assessments. Moreover, it can also assist in efficient safety and disaster management by visually mapping quantified data. This will also be used for the integrated control center of the N-Industrial Complex, which is currently being installed.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 대표적인 도시유출모형인 SWMM모형을 이용하여 기존의 침수예상지도가 고려하지 못했던 시간대별 침수예상지도를 작성하고 모형의 정확도 향상을 위해 연계모듈인 GeoSWMM을 개발하였다. GeosWMM은 GIS와 SWMM의 데이터 연계모듈로, 하수관망 GIS 네트워크 데이터로부터 SWMM 프로젝트 파일을 직접 생성할 수 있다. GeoSWMM을 이용하여 연구 사례지역인 서울특별시 서초구의 서초2동의 SWMM모형을 구축하였다. 실제 침수가 발생하였던 2010년 9월 21일의 시간당 실제 강우량 자료를 바탕으로 시나리오를 작성하여 홍수모의를 수행하였다. 홍수모의 결과 오후 2시를 기점으로 하수시스템의 통수능력 부족으로 인해 유출이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 시간대별 침수예상지도를 작성하였으며 2010년 침수흔적도를 기준으로 정확도 평가를 실시하였다. 평가 결과 침수예상지도가 침수흔적도와 약 66% 정도 일치하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 GeoSWMM을 이용하면 SWMM의 입력 하수관망 데이터를 쉽게 생성할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 폭우 시 시간대별 침수예상지도 작성을 통해 도심지역에 대한 보다 효율적인 방재계획 수립이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2015

Along with climate change, it is reported that the scale and frequency of extreme climate events show unstable tendency of increase. Thus, to comprehend the change characteristics of precipitation data, it is needed to consider non-stationary. The main objectives of this study were to estimate future design floods for Wonpyeongcheon watershed based on RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenario. Wonpyeongcheon located in the Keum River watershed was selected as the study area. Historical precipitation data of the past 35 years (1976~2010) were collected from the Jeonju meteorological station. Future precipitation data based on RCP4.5 were also obtained for the period of 2011~2100. Systematic bias between observed and simulated data were corrected using the quantile mapping (QM) method. The parameters for the bias-correction were estimated by non-parametric method. A non-stationary frequency analysis was conducted with moving average method which derives change characteristics of generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution parameters. Design floods for different durations and frequencies were estimated using rational formula. As the result, the GEV parameters (location and scale) showed an upward tendency indicating the increase of quantity and fluctuation of an extreme precipitation in the future. The probable rainfall and design flood based on non-stationarity showed higher values than those of stationarity assumption by 1.2%~54.9% and 3.6%~54.9%, respectively, thus empathizing the necessity of non-stationary frequency analysis. The study findings are expected to be used as a basis to analyze the impacts of climate change and to reconsider the future design criteria of Wonpyeongcheon watershed.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.247-257
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• 1997

It was the turning point in the "fixed point arena" when the notion of weak commutativity was introduced by Sessa [9] as a sharper tool to obtain common fixed points of mappings. As a result, all the results on fixed point theorems for commuting mappings were easily transformed in the setting of the new notion of weak commutativity of mappings. It gives a new impetus to the studying of common fixed points of mappings satisfying some contractive type conditions and a number of interesting results have been found by various authors. A bulk of results were produced and it was the centre of vigorous research activity in "Fixed Point Theory and its Application in various other Branches of Mathematical Sciences" in last two decades. A major break through was done by Jungck [3] when he proclaimed the new notion what he called "compatibility" of mapping and its usefulness for obtaining common fixed points of mappings was shown by him. There-after a flood of common fixed point theorems was produced by various researchers by using the improved notion of compatibility of mappings. of compatibility of mappings.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2015

As occurrence of gradually increasing extreme temperature events in Jeju Island, a hybrid downscaling technique that simultaneously applies by dynamical method and statistical method has implemented on design rainfall in order to reduce flood damages from severe storms and typhoons.As a result of computation, Case 1 shows a strong tendency to excessively compute rainfall, which is continuously increasing. While Case 2 showed similar trend as Case 1, low design rainfall has computed by rainfall in A1B scenario. Based on the design rainfall computation method mainly used in Preventive Disaster System through Pre-disaster Effect Examination System and Basic Plan for River of Jeju Island which are considering climatic change for selecting 50-year and 100-year frequencies. Case 3 selecting for Jeju rain gage station and Case 1 for Seogwipo rain gage station. The results were different for each rain gage station because of difference in rainfall characteristics according to recent climatic change, and the risk of currently known design rainfall can be increased in near future.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.116-116
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• 2016

최근 이상기후로 인해 다양한 원인으로 홍수가 발생하고 있으며, 이에 대한 대책으로 가상의 강우 시나리오에 대한 침수예상도가 작성되어 해당지역의 주민들에게 정보를 제공하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 침수예상도가 나타내는 모든 지역에 대해 예산을 투자하여 대비를 할 수 없는 실정이다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 제방에 대한 수리학적, 지반공학적 위험도, 제방 자체의 성질과 특성을 반영한 취약도를 포함하는 제방 리스크 지도를 작성하여 외수범람에 대한 안전도를 등급화 하였다. 그 결과 침수예상도를 작성하는데 있어 제방 리스크 지도에서 등급이 높은, 즉 리스크가 높은 제방에 대한 재해대책을 수립하는 것이 효율적이다. 본 연구에서는 안성천 유역을 대상으로 제방 리스크 평가를 실시하고, 작성된 제방 리스크 지도를 바탕으로 제방의 붕괴 및 월류시나리오에 대해 1차원 외수범람 해석 및 2차원 침수해석을 실시하여 침수예상도를 작성하였다. 또한 기존의 침수예상도는 침수심에 대한 위험도만을 구분하여 나타내고 있지만, 본 연구에서는 다양한 요소에 대한 침수예상도를 제시함으로써 연구결과물이 재해예방 및 재해경감대책 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.