• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.2 s.17
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

Pulse feeling is one of the most important diagnosis method in Oriental medicine. But it is not easy to make an objective and standardized diagnosis. In this study, we found how to quantify diagnosis. Specially dally the high practicality in clinic, we search some parameters especially well-related to floating and sinking pulse by statistic analysis. By extension, we find the pulse patterns of the floating and sinking pulse. We choose 15 subjects diagnosed as floating pulse and 15 subjects diagnosed as sinking pulse by oriental doctors. And their pulse signals were acquired by Pulse analyzer which has piezoresistive pressure sensor. For the quantification of the floating and sinking pulse, at first, we examined the parameters which were highly correlated with oriental doctor's diagnosis. And then we derived pulse patterns of the floating-sinking pulse from preprocessed signal and its ensemble average. We also looked trend variation (PH-Curve) between contact and pulse pressure. As a result, statistically there is the biggest difference between contact pressure, the maximum pulse pressure, diastolic area (Ad) and floating and sinking data. Through the PH-Curve, which represented the relationship between contact and pulse pressure, we could divide the floating and sinking pulse clearly. As a basic research of pulse diagnosis algorithm, we can contribute to select essential parameters in diagnosis algorithm And using these diagnosis method, we expect to find typical pulse patterns and some useful parameters about other pulses like slow/rapid, large/fine pulse and so on. We hope that this study will contribute pulse objectification.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

In pulse diagnosis, floating pulse and sinking pulse are frequently used for diagnosis about where disease is located and how much severe they are. However, in what mechanism floating pulse and sinking pulse arise is not known well. There are two point of views on substantial of floating pulse and sinking pulse. The first one is the floating and sinking degrees is the expression on the depth of pulsation. And, the second one is floating and sinking pulse is based on the response of pulsation to the indent pressure on radial artery. In this paper, we discussed these two opinions in the view point of tonometric measurement. The process for diagnosis on floating pulse and sinking pulse is similar to the tonometric measurement for non invasive blood pressure or intraocular pressure. We modelled the degrees of depth of pulsation with different indent pressures for initial pulsation feeling and different slopes of indent pressure lines. From this modelling, we can confirm the effect of pulsation depth on P-H curve, that is, in the model where lower pulsation is assumed, the shift of optimal indent pressure to the right was observed. The response of pulse pressure to the indent pressure was tried to be modelled with the degrees of mean blood pressure. Consequently, we tried to model the phenomenon of floating and sinking pulse for the first. And, from this modelling, we can get abundant understanding on how floating and sinking pulse can be caused. In the further study, we want to prove the suitability of this tonometric measurement based modelling with various studies including ultrasound measurement for the depth of pulsation in different EMI subjects.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10c
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• pp.244-246
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• 2006

In this study, we search some parameters well-related to floating-sinking pulse by statistical analysis, because these pulses are frequently used in clinic. Pulse signals were acquired by 3D pulse analyzer and 30 subjects consist of 15 people diagnosed as floating pulse and 15 people diagnosed as sinking pulse by oriental doctors who have over 5 years clinical experience. Then, we made a representative beat template for each subject and, through a peak detection algorithm, we calculated several pulse parameters. To find the parameters related to floating-sinking pulse, we performed statistical testing with 17 parameters through the independence sampling, t-test. As a result, there is the biggest difference between pressure, the maximum pulse pressure, diastolic area(Ad) and float-sink data. (p < .05).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.104-110
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to develop the method of selecting representative pulse wave. Methods : The pulse waves were acquired at the right and the left Guan point(關部) with 1420 people who were apparently healthy. The shape agreement of right and left pulse wave and the floating-sinking ratio were compared with three cases, which were the pulse height based method, the pulse area based method, and the pulse time based method. Results : In the point of the shape accordance, the pulse time based method was the best, and the pulse area based method was the worst. In the point of the floating-sinking ratio, the pulse height based method was the worst, and the pulse time based method was the best. Conclusions : So, the pulse time based method was recommended for selecting the representative pulse wave. This study compared the selection methods of representative pulse using the physiological characteristics of pulse wave. Further studies are required, because the representative pulse wave is the main factor of determining the shape and the floating-sinking characteristic of the pulse wave.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1221-1225
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• 2009

The pulse diagnosis is an important and universally used method in Oriental Medicine. Since the traditional method of palpating the pulse relies on the subjective sense in the fingers of an Oriental Medical Doctor(OMD), there has been continued need for more objective method for pulse diagnosis. Recently, various pulse analyzers have been developed to meet such objective palpation and interpretation. However, most of these attempts were not successful to replace OMD's own palpation by fingers. To improve the performance of the pulse analyzers, one should develop machine-appropriate interpretations for the pulse images in the literature, in addition to the improvement in the repeatability and reproducibility. One of such widely-used pulse images to be interpreted is the floating and sinking pulse. The floating and sinking pulses are the two representative pulse images informing us how strong pressure one should apply to obtain the maximal pulse strength. A previous study suggested a convenient and unified measure for the floating and sinking pulses by defining the coefficient of the floating-sinking pulse(CFS). We found the original definition of the CFS could be erroneous under some situations. To improve the performance, we introduce new CFS algorithm for determining the floating and sinking pulse with a pulse analyzers(3-D MAC). To test the performance of the newly suggested algorithm, we conducted a clinical study comparing the agreement ratio with the floating and sinking pulse diagnosis by the OMDs. We found that, among the subjects who are diagnosed with having either the floating pulse or sinking pulse, the new CFS algorithm showed 55.3% diagnosis rate and 73.0% concordance rate, which are about 3% and 6% improvement in the diagnosis rate and agreement rate, respectively, compared to the original CFS algorithm.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2009

Pulse diagnosis is a central diagnosis method used in traditional Oriental medicine. To standardize and modernize the pulse diagnosis method, it is essential to develop an instrument-based reinterpretation of the clinically used pulse images in terms of the physical quantities such as the strength, period, width, length, and depth of the pulse. As a step towards such standardization, we conducted a clinical study on the floating/sinking pulses based on an automated palpation instrument (3D-MAC, Daeyo Medi, Korea) for 213 female subjects in their 20s and 174 female subjects in their 60s. The floating/sinking pulses are the two representative pulse images depending only on the depth of the pulse, and can be conveniently scaled by the coefficient of the floating-sinking pulse ($C_{fs}{\in}(0,1)$), which represents how strong one should apply the hold-down pressure to obtain the maximal pulse strength. As a result, primarily we found that it tends to appear more floating-like pulse ($C_{fs}{\rightarrow}0$) at Gwan and more sinking-like pulse ($C_{fs}{\rightarrow}1$) at Cheek, at both age groups and at both wrists. This result is consistent with a previous study on the geometrical structure of the blood vessel by an ultrasonograph. Second, the pulse tends to be more sinking-like in the age group of 60s than 20s. Finally, the pulses at the right palpation positions were found to be more sinking-like than the left, at both age groups.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-71
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• 2021

Objectives In order to reinterpret the meaning of Inch-Bar-Cubit used by pulse diagnosis, this study investigates floating pulses of lung and heart in the Inch area, middle pulse of spleen and livers in the Bar area, and deep pulse of kidney and life gate in the Cubit area. However, some suggested that the meaning of Inch-Bar-Cubit should be interpreted in the same way as floating-middle-deep. Methods In this study, the contents of Inch-Bar-Cubit assignment of pulse diagnosis proposed by Dongeuibogam and Medical Scientist were investigated along with the existing investigation of pulse diagnosis, and their interpretation was investigated. Result and conclusion The assignment of books in Pulse diagnosis can be applied by replacing them with floating-middle-deep instead of Inch-Bar-Cubit.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1670-1675
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• 2007

The pulse diagnosis studies reported to date has mainly been performed to clinically reveal the pulse wave characteristics according to the specific diseases, whereas no attempts have been made to study the effects on the pulse wave characteristics of the daily activities such as taking meals, exercise, and sleep, etc. This work reports the effect of feeding stimulus on the healthy subjects on the pulse wave pattern which has quantitatively been analyzed using the objective model for the pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine. The pulse waves right before/after the meal and 30 minutes after the meal were measured using the pulse analyzing equipment (3D-Mac, Daeyo Medi, Korea) and at the same time oriental medicine doctors' diagnoses were given. The pulse parameters obtained from the equipment and clinical records on the subjects were statistically processed and the variables showing statistically significant differences were analyzed. The results indicate that the pulse pressure, the pulse rate, and the respiratory rate increase while the blood pressure decreases after the meal. For the floating/sinking and the deficient/excess coefficients characterizing the pulse states described in the oriental medicine, the floating/sinking coefficients were observed to decrease whereas the deficiency/excess coefficients increase after the meal. The results indicates that besides the standard bio-indicators like blood pressure and respiratory rate, etc., the pulse wave characterization in terms of the pulse classifications in the oriental medicine using the floating/sinking, deficient/excess pulse states provide an important piece of biomedical information.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1673-1675
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• 2005

The pulse diagnosis is an important and universal method in Oriental medicine. Nevertheless, because of characteristic that depends on subjective sense of Oriental medicine doctor (OMD), it is not recognized by objective basis. The Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine(KIOM) and Daeyo Medi. Co. Ltd. developed the 3-D Mac using arrey piezoresistive sensors and multi-axial robot. 133 healthy subjects participated in this study, 75 males and 58 females, between 20 and 70 years of age. All subjects were relaxed in a supine position on a comfortable chair for twenty minutes before the measurement was taken. The measured position is the radial artery of subject's left wrist and the position is called Chon, Kwan and Chuck in Oriental medicine. To detect floating and sinking pulse, we established coefficient of floating and sinking(CFS). CFS means relative position of maximum pulse pressure in PH curve. The lower CFS value means that the pulse has floating tendency. There was significant diffence between CFS and diagnosis of floating-sinking pulse by OMD(p=0.020). CFS value of over 40's group was significantly larger than those of 20's and 30's(p=0.000). There was no significant difference between male and female(p=0.061).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

Objectives: The information on the depth where pulse wave appears is as important as pulse waveform. The aim of this study was to classify pulse pattern using pressure-height(P-H) volume-curve by 5 applied pressure levels to find out the information on the depth of pulse and interpret the floating & sinking pulse in oriental medical pulse diagnosis. Methods: We used 3 dimensional pulse imaging analyser (DMP-3000, DAEYOMEDI Co., Korea), which measures radial pulse waveforms noninvasively by way of tonometric method at 5 applied pressure levels, and shows P-H volume-curves by applied pressure. 448 subjects were enrolled, pulse waveforms were measured and the P-H volume-curves were gained on the three locations of Chon, Kwan, and Cheok. Results: Gained P-H volume curves were classified into 3 types ; increase type, decrease type, and increase-decrease type. Increase-decrease type appeared more often on Chon and Kwan, while increase type appeared more often on Cheok. In a few cases, decrease-type appeared on Chon and Kawn, however it never appeared on Cheok. Conclusions: Through the classification of pulse by P-H volume-curve, we gained the information on the depth of pulse. We speculate the decrease type as floating pulse, the increase-decrease type as middle pulse, and the increase type as sinking pulse in oriental medical pulse diagnosis. After more researches on P-H volume-curve by applied pressure, the P-H volume-curve may be used as an important factor for pulse diagnosis.