• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.411-423
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• 2017

The spacial potential source contribution function (PSCF) method was utilized by considering topography and height of back trajectories based on the measurement of organic typo matter (OM), $NO_3{^-}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ at the Baegryungdo Super Site ($37^{\circ}57^{\prime}N$, $124^{\circ}37^{\prime}E$, 135 m a.s.l. (above sea level)) for three selected periods (i.e., January~April, May~August, and September~December) in 2013. The PSCF were calculated on the contributions of trans-boundary transport to the hourly mean concentrations using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). The cluster analysis using back trajectories was performed to identify the major airflows to the sampling site. The upper atmosphere in the Tianjin area of China and the lower atmosphere in the western coast area of Korea can be the major source of trans-boundary pollution to the sampling site during January~April resulted from PSCF. The area in Lianyungang-city and Liaoning-sheng, China can be responsibile for the nitrogen related secondary compounds during May~August, and Shandong Peninsula in China is the major source area during September~December. In addition, relationships between the cluster analysis of back trajectories and PSCF were investigated for the statistically significance level for the source areas.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1392-1400
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• 2017

Galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) are known to be selectively utilized by Bifidobacterium, which can bring about healthy changes of the composition of intestinal microflora. In this study, ${\beta}-GOS$ were synthesized using bifidobacterial ${\beta}-galactosidase$ (G1) purified from recombinant E. coli with a high GOS yield and with high productivity and enhanced bifidogenic activity. The purified recombinant G1 showed maximum production of ${\beta}-GOSs$ at pH 8.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the major peaks of the produced ${\beta}-GOSs$ showed MW of 527 and 689, indicating the synthesis of ${\beta}-GOSs$ at degrees of polymerization (DP) of 3 and DP4, respectively. The trisaccharides were identified as ${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-glucopyranose, and the tetrasaccharides were identified as ${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-glucopyranose. The maximal production yield of GOSs was as high as 25.3% (w/v) using purified recombinant ${\beta}-galactosidase$ and 36% (w/v) of lactose as a substrate at pH 8.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. After 140 min of the reaction under this condition, 268.3 g/l of GOSs was obtained. With regard to the prebiotic effect, all of the tested Bifidobacterium except for B. breve grew well in BHI medium containing ${\beta}-GOS$ as a sole carbon source, whereas lactobacilli and Streptococcus thermophilus scarcely grew in the same medium. Only Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium ramosum, and Enterobacter cloacae among the 17 pathogens tested grew in BHI medium containing ${\beta}-GOS$ as a sole carbon source; the remaining pathogens did not grow in the same medium. Consequently, the ${\beta}-GOS$ are expected to contribute to the beneficial change of intestinal microbial flora.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2017

Thisstudy quantitatively analyzed the research trendsin the use ofICT ofthe environmental field using the text mining technique. To that end, the study collected 359 papers published in the past two decades(1996-2015)from the National Digital Science Library (NDSL) using 38 environment-related keywords and 16 ICT-related keywords. It processed the natural languages of the environment and ICT fields in the papers and reorganized the classification system into the unit of corpus. It conducted the text mining analysis techniques of frequency analysis, keyword analysis and the association rule analysis of keywords, based on the above-mentioned keywords of the classification system. As a result, the frequency of the keywords of 'general environment' and 'climate' accounted for 77 % of the total proportion and the keywords of 'public convergence service' and 'industrial convergence service' in the ICT field took up approximately 30 % of the total proportion. According to the time series analysis, the researches using ICT in the environmental field rapidly increased over the past 5 years (2011-2015) and the number of such researches more than doubled compared to the past (1996-2010). Based on the environmental field with generated association rules among the keywords, it was identified that the keyword 'general environment' was using 16 ICT-based technologies and 'climate' was using 14 ICT-based technologies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.62
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• pp.65-86
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• 2020

Drones, which were originally developed for military purpose, have expanded rapidly not only in hobbies, leisure, but also in broadcasting, filming, and public sectors, and search and rescue drones have been used to find four Korean teachers who went to Nepal for volunteer work but went missing in the avalanche. The government is encouraging the use of drones in the public sector as a policy to foster the drone industry, and the market is expected to expand in the future. This study presents improvement measures and specific directions for use of drones by public agencies at a time when the use of drones is expanding in the public sector. To that end, this research reviewed the interviews of relevant experts, analysis of drone operation regulations by public agencies, and the cases of operation of drones for searching missing persons by police. First of all, it will have to secure skilled personnel before the introduction of the drones and then determine the specifications of the drones through sufficient review, and then be put into the mission after careful examination of the drones. Next, it is necessary to draw up a base rule for drone operation and draw up a manual accordingly. Finally, drone flight has the risk of a crash, and it is essential to secure dedicated personnel for drone operation, especially since drones in the public sector are specialized in large scale compared to hobby drones to achieve their purpose. This research only conducted a detailed analysis of the National Police Agency's drones for searching for missing persons, and there are limitations to the number of people interviewed. Subsequent studies will require analysis of various public institutions, and in addition to interviews, surveys will require analysis of various data and statistics.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.1 s.142
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

The female sex pheromone of the peach leafminer, Lyonetia clerkella Linne (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), was analyzed by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD). GC-EAD analyses of pheromone gland extract revealed a single compound that elicited responses from male antennae. Retention time on DB-1 column of EAD-active compound was identical to that of synthetic (145)-14-Methyl-1-octadecene (14Sme-1-18Hy). In field tests, sticky traps baited with synthetic 14Sme-1-18Hy alone were highly attractive to male. Traps with 0.1 mg dose showed the lowest catches, but there were no significant difference in the numbers of moth caught in traps baited with doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg. The results of the field assays for longevity of pheromone traps showed that effectiveness of lures maintained for at least 8 weeks under field condition. The attractiveness of 14Sme-1-18Hy was not affected by the addition of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in lures as an antioxidant. Traps baited with 0.5 mg 14Sme-1-18Hy were successfully used to monitor L. clerkella male flights. Analysis of seasonal trap catches over two years showed that moth flight activity in peach orchards occurred over a period of seven months with six generations in Suwon.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2016

An aircraft in flight and ATC(: Air Traffic Controllers) working in the Ground Control Center carry out a voice communication using the radio. Voice signal to be transmitted from the aircraft is received to a plurality of terrestrial sites around the country at the same time. The ATC receives the various quality of voice signal from the aircraft depending on the distance, speed, weather conditions and adjusted condition of the antenna and the radio. The ATC carries out a voice communication with aircraft in the optimal conditions finding the best voice signal. However, the present system chooses the values of the CD(: Carrier Dectect) which is determined to be superior to, based on the input voice level, as optimal channel. Thus this system can not be seen to select the optimal channel because it doesn't consider the effect of the noise which influences on the communication quality. In this paper, after removing the noise in the voice signal, we could give the digitized information and an improved voice signal quality, so that users can select an optimal channel. By using it, when operating the training eavesdropping system or the aircraft control, we can expect prevention accident and improvement of training performance by selecting the improved quality channel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.66-67
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• 2005

The domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) is an important model for research in developmental biology because its embryonic development occurs in ovo. To examine the mechanism of embryonic germ cell development, we constructed proteome map of gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGC) from chicken embryonic gonads. Embryonic gonads were collected from 500 embryos at 6 day of incubation, and the gPGC were cultured in vitro until colony formed. After 7-10 days in cultured gPGC colonies were separated from gonadal stroma cells (GSCs). Soluble extracts of cultured gPGCs were then fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (pH 4-7). A number of protein spots, including those that displayed significant expression levels, were then identified by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and LC-MS/MS. Of the 89 gPGC spots examined, 50 yielded mass spectra that matched avian proteins found in on-line databases. Proteome map of thistype will serve as an important reference for germ cell biology and transgenic research.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2017

The application of mass spectrometry to polymer science has rapidly increased since the development of MALDI-TOF MS. This review summarizes current polymer analysis methods using MALDI-TOF MS, which has been extensively applied to analyze the average molecular weight of biopolymers and synthetic polymers. Polymer sequences have also been analyzed to reveal the structures and composition of monomers. In addition, the analysis of unknown end-groups and the determination of polymer concentrations are very important applications. Hyphenated techniques using MALDI-tandem MS have been used for the analysis of fragmentation patterns and end-groups, and also the combination of SEC and MALDI-TOF MS techniques is recommended for the analysis of complex polymers. Moreover, MALDI-TOF MS has been utilized for the observation of polymer degradation. Ion mobility MS, TOF-SIMS, and MALDI-TOF-imaging are also emerging technologies for polymer characterization because of their ability to automatically fractionate and localize polymer samples. The determination of polymer characteristics and their relation to the material properties is one of the most important demands for polymer scientists; the development of software and instrument for higher molecular mass range (> 100 kD) will increase the applications of MALDI-TOF MS for polymer scientists.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 2006

We employed human SK-MEL-28 cells as a model system to identify cellular proteins that accompany N-(4-methyl)phenyl-O-(4-methoxy)phenyl-thionocarbamate (MMTC)-induced apoptosis based on a proteomic approach. Cell viability tests revealed that SK-MEL-28 skin cancer cells underwent more cell death than normal HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with MMTC. Two-dimensional electrophoresis in conjunction with matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis or computer matching with a protein database further revealed that the MMTC-induced apoptosis is accompanied by increased levels of caspase-1, checkpoint suppressor-1, caspase-4, NF-kB inhibitor, AP-2, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, melanoma inhibitor, granzyme K, G1/S specific cyclin D3, cystein rich protein, Ras-related protein Rab-37 or Ras-related protein Rab-13, and reduced levels of EMS (oncogene), ATP synthase, tyrosine-phosphatase, Cdc25c, 14-3-3 protein or specific structure of nuclear receptor. The migration suppressing effect of MMTC on SK-MEL-28 cell was tested. MMTC suppressed the metastasis of SK-MEL-8 cells. It was also identified that MMTC had little angiogenic effect because it did not suppress the proliferation of HUVEC cell line. These results suggest that MMTC is a novel chemotherapeutic and metastatic agents against the SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell line.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-139
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• 2004

The first successful sustained powered flight by Wright Brothers was further extended to the rapid development of aviation technology, that led to transpacific flights, the invention of supersonic planes, and enabled hundreds of people to travel in the space, in addition to the fact that around 10 people had stepped on the moon, all of which were made possible within the very same century. However, on the back side of this most wondrous human technology, the vulnerableness to the aviation accident has been constantly accompanied with, right from the very beginning stage of the aircraft development. Moreover, the development of future aircraft is being focused on the aircraft performance, the increment of the number of passengers aboard and also its speed. In proportion to these phenomena of mega sizing the aircraft, the development of new technology and the increment of air traffic volume, the number of aviation accident is expected to augment, resulting in the enormous loss of human lives and properties. In order to prevent the disastrous aviation accident as such, it is essential to conduct the accident investigation in a specialized, systematic and scientific manner. In search for the method to attain the effective function of the aviation accident investigation organization, in this study, issues were examined as follows: The full-time Board Members and the establishment of an integrated investigation agency, The systematized security of status as an accident investigator, Inclusion of a human factors specialist in the investigator group organization, liability limit of an accident investigator Stipulation of the definition and the investigation scope of an accident and serious incident, along with the main body of conducting the investigation into the accident involving both civil and public aircraft, in the regulations related to the accident investigation.