• Title/Summary/Keyword: flexibility of labor market

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How Did labor Flexibility Affect Occupational Welfare Provision in Korea? (외환위기 전.후 노동력 유연화와 한국 기업복지제도의 변화)

  • Lee, Su-Yun;Rho, Yeon-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.58 no.2
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    • pp.143-166
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to empirically test whether occupational welfare in Korea would have grown since the mid 1990s. The result of this study showed that after the IMF fiscal crisis, the policies of labor flexibility in labor market initiated flexible forms of employer-provided benefits, including cafeteria plan or profit-based funds, which finally led to a decline of occupational welfare rather than a growth. Existing studies haven't agreed on trade-off of statutory and voluntary social provisions since the crisis of welfare state. However, based on the case of Korea, this study suggested archetypal development of welfare system experiencing a decline of occupational welfare paralleled with a growth of state welfare provision.

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The Choice of Self-Employment and Career Interruption Among Females (여성의 자영업 결정요인과 경력단절 가능성)

  • Sung, Jaimie
    • Journal of Labour Economics
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.161-182
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    • 2002
  • The self-employment can provide work time flexibility. Work time flexibility would be a critical factor for married females' labor supply considering allocation of their time to market work and household work. This study used the 1998 and 2000 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey for the empirical analyses. Applying the bivariate probit model with partial observability, this study analyzed factors related to the choice of participation in labor market and choice of self-employment. Also, this study examined the effects of marriage and the presence of younger children on changes in decisions related to labor supply using the multinomial logit model: exit from the labor market, increasing and decreasing work hours. The presence of the younger children showed a significantly negative effect on the participation in labor market while positive, but insignificant, effect on self-employment. Compared with females working for others, self-employers without employees and unpaid family workers are less likely to exit labor market rather than increasing work hours. The self-employment would be a good alternative to evade females' career interruption and therefore to enhance the potential human resources.

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A Study on the Flexibility in Exporting Korean Apparel Products (한국의류제품 수출의 유연성(flexibility)에 관한 연구)

  • 김용주
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.34
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    • pp.37-56
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    • 1997
  • The Korean Apparel industry has played an significant role for the econom-ic development in Korea which is mainaly due to the apparel exports to the world market. However the Koran apparel industry has confronted drastic changes in domestic and also in international market for the last several years. Korean apparel products have lost price competitiveness in international market because domestic labor costs have increased so fast and al-so newcomers such as China or other Asian countries have emerged as compet-itive producers. Furthermore domestic market has been saturated with the Korean apparel manufacturers and also with the foreign retailers. Therefore the Korean apparel industry should establish market-ing strategies in order to regain competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the factors for non-price competitiveness of Korean apparel industry and propose the way to regain competitiveness form the buyers' point of view. The present study utilize the survey data for the internet database which is established by the Cotton Incorporated. The results show that the Korean apparel industry is not competitive in terms of non-price factors such as minimum orders terms of payment preproduction stage use of new technolo-gy and lead times. These factors are not directly related to the price of product which is suggested to the buyers. However these are flexibility factors which play important roles in decision making process of buyers because they can reduce risks in uncertain business environment. Therefore the Korean apparel industry should establish global marketing strate-gies which can enhance non-price competitiveness as well as price competitiveness.

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Labor Market Governance and Regional Development in The Philippines: Uneven Trends and Outcomes

  • Sale, Jonathan P.
    • World Technopolis Review
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.192-205
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    • 2012
  • Globalization has fuelled the desire for simplicity and flexibility in rules and processes within nations. de Soto (2000) calls for the simplification of rules to enable people to join the formal economy. Friedman (2005) echoes the need for simpler rules, to attract business and capital. Market-based approaches to governing have been adopted in many nations due to globalization. Recent developments demonstrate that such approaches fail. Globalization may lead to impoverishment in the absence of proper forms of governance (Cooney 2000). That is why it has the tendency to become a "race to the bottom." Regulatory measures can be costly, and the costs of doing business are uneven across nations. This unevenness is being used as a comparative advantage. Others call this regulatory competition (Smith-Bozek 2007) or competitive governance (Schachtel and Sahmel 2000), which is similar to the model of Charles Tiebout. Collaborative governance is an approach that governments could use in lieu of the competitive method. Mechanisms that enable stakeholders to exchange information, harmonize activities, share resources, and enhance capacities (Himmelman 2002) are needed. Philippine public policy encourages a shift in modes of realizing labor market governance outcomes from command to collaboration (Sale and Bool 2010B; Sale 2011). Is labor market governance and regional development in the Philippines collaborative? Or is the opposite - competitive governance (Tiebout model) - more evident? What is the dominant approach? This preliminary research tackles these questions by looking at recent data on average and minimum wages, wage differentials, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, small and bigger enterprises, employment, unemployment and underemployment, inflation, poverty incidence, labor productivity, family income, among others, across regions of the country. The issue is studied in the context of legal origins. Cultural explanations are broached.

A View on In-house Subcontract Workers in Hyundai Motor Company (현대자동차 비정규직 문제를 바라보는 시각과 해결을 위한 제언)

  • Park, Tae-ju
    • Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.105-137
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    • 2013
  • This paper proposes to examine the relationship between the two trade unions of Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) - those of the regular workers and of the in-house subcontract workers - around the issue of converting irregular workers to regular ones, which has been a social issue for a long time, and, furthermore, to find a desirable solution. The politics of the in-house subcontracting rotate around three axes: the conflictive collusion between the company and the regular workers'union regarding the internal labor market; the exclusion and resistance between the company and the subcontract workers'union; and the solidaristic conflict relationship between the two unions. After the final decree by the supreme court in 2012 the conflict and collusion/solidarity relationship of the three social actors have been amplified in scale - the continuous limping of the special bargaining between the company and the unions, the intensified conflict between the company and the subcontract workers'union, and the crisis of the collusion between the branches of the two unions are all evidence of this. A clue to the solution to the issues of in-house subcontracting in HMC can be found through reestablishment of the relationship among the three actors. In order to solve the in-house subcontracting issues in HMC, phased and lawful switching from irregular to regular positions, improvement of working conditions for the irregular workers, integration of the two unions (realization of 'one company one union'), and negotiated flexibility in the internal labor market will be required. Also to be considered are installation of a special committee for the issue, and utilization of external consultants. The result would be the possibility for the corporate labor market of HMC to be composed of regular workers, legal contract workers and directly-employed contract workers, which could be realized through bilateral relations of 'the labor and management conflict partnership'.

Labor Transition and Exclusion of Unprivileged Female Breadwinners (저소득 여성가구주의 노동이행과 배제)

  • Kim, Jeung-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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    • no.43
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    • pp.61-85
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    • 2014
  • The aim of this study is to examine how labour transition of female householders is proceeded, and to identify mechanisms that cause them to be excluded from labor market. For this, thirteen lone mothers who have had labor experience in the market, while raising children were interviewed. This qualitative case study was proceeded by way of participants' interviews and questionnaires. Finding shows, impoverished lone mothers were horizontally moving incessantly on second labor market. As poverty worsens by years, poor lone mothers tend to be more dependant on the government's support and to transit downward to work-poor labor market. The unprivileged women were excluded from multi-dimentions: market structure, social relations and gender norms. The sex-segmental and human capital-oriented market has excluded women who gave up their career for caring. Female breadwinners were frequently excluded from social relations and opportunities for labor due to their stigma. sometimes they were self-excluded from the market for they had to care for their children. In conclusion, suggestions are given to enhance qualities of lone mother's lives and help them exit from poverty. It is necessary to implement positive labor policy with labor flexibility and stability and to practice socialization of care as care support system is very important for maintaining their jobs. Above all, social awareness of gender role must be changed.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Bangladesh's Economy: A Focus on Graduate Employability

  • SHAHRIAR, Mohammad Shibli;ISLAM, K.M. Anwarul;ZAYED, Nurul Mohammad;HASAN, K.B.M. Rajibul;RAISA, Tahsin Sharmila
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.1395-1403
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    • 2021
  • The COVID-19 pandemic is having an adverse impact on Bangladesh's economy by affecting millions of people's life and hampering their income sources. The outbreak of COVID-19 has created more pressure on the labor market. The pandemic reduces employment opportunities as most of the companies have stopped their recruitment process to cut their operational costs, which increases the rate of graduate unemployment in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on graduate employability in Bangladesh that adversely affects the income of families and eventually the nation's economy. A literature review has been conducted from secondary sources to evaluate the impact, which shows that the rate of graduate unemployment increased from 47% to 58% in 2020 with an expected annual loss estimated at $53 million. Findings also reveal that the prime reasons for graduate employability are low demand and huge supply of graduates in the labor market, lack of professional skills of graduates, ineffective education system, etc. The study suggests that the government of Bangladesh should develop some policies to overcome this problem such as ensuring employment subsidies, implementing skills development programs, improving labor market flexibility, initiating credit programs for generating employment, and developing entrepreneurial ecosystems in Bangladesh.

Comparing the Locational Advantage for Developing Overseas Industrial Park (해외산업단지 조성을 위한 국가별 산업입지 비교우위에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, In-Seok;Seong, Jang-Hwan;Jeong, Yeun-Woo
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.225-234
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    • 2013
  • The indices to choose the object countries for developing overseas industrial park were developed and applied in this paper. The results are showing as follows. First, the Korean enterprises are branched out into total 128 countries as of the first quarter of 2010, and the 13 asian countries including China, Vietnam, Japan, and Hongkong shows the majority of precedence 20 countries among the reported during 1980-2010. Second, the 3 steps of selecting the principal region to branch out, establishing assessment indices and criteria, and choosing strategical target counties were developed to choose the countries for developing overseas industrial park. The 38 of 128 countries were selected where the GDP per capita is lower than Korea, and the local reports of incorporation during 2007-2010 are more than 10 times. Then, the 10 countries were excluded where the minimum wages during 2008-2009 are similar to Korean ($815/month). Consequently, the 28 countries including China, Vietnam, and Cambodia etc. were selected as the major target regions. Third, the indices to choose countries for developing overseas industrial park are classified into 5 categories-investment condition, labor market flexibility, potential market demand, population, changing rate of the reported number of manufacturing industry, and detailed indices for each category were selected, then the weight were given with the consideration of importance. Finally, Indonesia, Mongolia, and Uzbekistan were selected as the strategical target counties where acquire the high score in labor market flexibility and investment condition, relatively undeveloped, and friendly to Korea.

The Effects of the Division of Household Labor in Couples and the Sense of Fairness on Marital Satisfaction (부부간 가사노동분담과 공평성 인지도가 결혼만족도에 미치는 영향)

  • 문숙재
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.345-358
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    • 1997
  • This study investigated the pattern of division of household labor between married couples and the determining variables of the division of household work. In addition, this study examined the effect of the pattern of the division of household work and the sense of fairness on marital satisfaction. Two hundreds forty two married couples living near seoul were selected. Both wives and husbands reported their daily time-use pattern. According to the results, flexibility of husbands' work schedules hours of market work of husbands, husbands' sex role attitudes, and the presence of household assistant affected significantly on the extent of household work time. In addition, husbands' household work time had direct effects on marital satisfaction of couples. In wives' hours of household labor, the significant variables were wives' employment status, presence of younger children, total income, wives' sex role attitudes, and hours of household labor performed by housework assistant. In addition, wives' sense of fairness had impact significantly on marital satisfaction.

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The Nature and Extent of Nominal and Real Wage Flexibility in Korea (한국의 명목 및 실질임금의 유연성 정도와 성격에 대하여)

  • Park, Seonyoung;Shin, Donggyun
    • Journal of Labour Economics
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.1-47
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    • 2014
  • Longitudinal analysis of individual wage data received from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey (KLIPS) for the 1998-2012 period reveals that nominal wage reductions are prevailing among job stayers. It is also found that the probability of nominal wage cut is higher in the period of lower inflation or higher unemployment, and affected by various individual or group characteristics. Additional analysis of two establishment-based average wage series and the KLIPS shows that real wages are substantially procyclical, which is attributed to the strong procyclicality of nominal wages rather than countercyclicality of inflation. Current findings defy wage-rigidity-based explanations of unemployment fluctuations or models that predict wage rigidity, inlcluding segmented labor market hypotheses.

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