• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine effect of different environment conditions in glass, PC, PET and PE greenhouses controlled by different environment control systems on the growth of green pepper. Light transmittance of 64.7% in the glass greenhouse was the highest among different green-houses. Air temperature was the highest in the glass greenhouse when ventilators were closed, and was the highest in the PE greenhouse when ventilators were open. Air relative humidity was the highest in the PE greenhouse during 24 hours. The amount of solar energy accumulated in soil was the greatest in the glass greenhouse and this energy released during the night escaped through covering materials. Latent heat and solar energy affected air temperature increased in greenhouses. The air temperature of glass greenhouse was 27.5$^{\circ}C$ at 11 O clock, which was the highest air temperature among the all greenhouse types. Clear differences were observed in leaf area and plant height at 30 days after transplanting. Days to first flowering was the shortest in the glass greenhouse with 72.7 days. Flower shedding was the greatest in the PE greenhouse with 12.6%. Days to fruit harvesting was the shortest in the glass greenhouse with 14.3 days. Fruit quality, such as fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit flesh thickness, and vitamin C content, was the best in the glass greenhouse. Percent marketable fruits was the highest with 95.3% when the pepper was grown hydroponically in the glass greenhouse.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.687-699
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effect of grafted peppers (Capsicum annuum) on different rootstocks on fruit quality. Three pepper cultivars, 'Nokkwang', 'Saengsaeng Matkkwari', and 'Shinhong' were grafted onto five commercial rootstocks that are known to be resistant to Phytophtora blight. Non-grafted or auto-grafted peppers were used as controls. Grafted plants were grown during two consecutive harvest periods by semi-forcing culture (April to August) and retarding culture (September to March the subsequent year). Full size green fruits were harvested and weighed weekly from June to August (Semi-forcing culture) and from December to March of the subsequent year (Retarding culture). The fruit size, weight, flesh thickness, and firmness were measured every month. Total marketable yield was not significantly influenced by either auto-graft of 'Nokkwang', 'Saengsaeng Matkkwari', and 'Shinhong' of pepper or grafted with the five commercial rootsctocks. By contrast, grafting influenced the apparent fruit quality of peppers. Fruit characteristics differed depending on the rootstock cultivars. However, the fruit characteristics of rootstock did not affect the fruit characteristics of scion grafted onto that rootstock. Fruit characteristics in each treatment differed among harvest time (first, second, and third harvest). Fruit quality parameters were also different as affected by the harvest period. In conclusion, apparent quality and textural property of pepper fruits were influenced by not only grafting with different rootstocks but also by the harvest period and harvest time. Accordingly, rootstock/scion combination, the scion variety and the harvest period must be carefully chosen to get the desired optimal fruit quality.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.328-344
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• 2000

YoungChu NonYong(靈樞 論勇)seems to be named as such by its explanation in detail about the brave man who can and the coward who cannot stand pain respectively. In the first chapter, it is considered that the factors of diseases are dependent upon the state of skin and flash. In the second chapter, it is put about the problem of standing pain and not. In the third chapter, about the causes of resulting in brave or unbrave man. And in the fourth chapter, about drunken frenzy(酒悖). More concretely speaking, in the first chapter, it is explained that the factors of pathogenesis are related closely with the state of skin and flash, so to speak, though the outer factors which can arouse diseases should exist, the sensitivity of skin and flash which are the first defense tissue in human body, is more important factor. Undoubtedly, the environmental factors existing in physical nature which surrounds human life, have influenced upon human health, especially in ancient times. But, this chapter exhibits some reflections that ultimately the inner conditions of human body decide the attack of diseases. However, this chapter may have some corruptions for it reveals the contents which are not fit with the headline. In the second chapter, it is written that the sensitivity to pain is not only dependent upon the character of bravery but also upon the thickness of skin, the strength of flesh and the speed of response. In this we evidence that the ancient people had the idea that human pain-feeling is more dependent upon the degree of development of sensory neuron of physical body than one's character of bravery. In the third chapter, ti is described that the differences of physical development mainly influence the differences of the degree of mental bravery. In the fourth chapter, the drunken frenzy is explained. The implication is that as civilization has been growing, the drinking culture has made both in dividual and social health affair. The alcohol has the function of pleasing mind improving the quality of human life but it can also destroy both human body and mind when abused. About the harms like this, this part wams by the examples of drunken man's abnormal behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.184-187
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• 2008

A new early maturing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) 'Haryejosaeng' was developed as a nucellar seedling selection of 'Tachima Wase' (C. unshiu Marc.) that was crossed with C. natsudaidai Hayata at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju island in 1992. The 'Jegam ga No. 2', a first selection from the seedlings fruited in 2001 was finally named "Haryejosaeng" through field evaluation trials at three locations in Jeju island from 2003 to 2004. 'Haryejosaeng' produces seedless fruit maturing in early November, and has higher soluble solids and lower acidity than 'Miyagawa Wase', the leading early-maturing satsuma mandarin cultivar in Jeju island. Fruit weight is moderate at about 80~90 g and its shape is compressed-oblate globose with a light orange color. The rind thickness of about 2 mm provides easy peeling. The flesh shows light orange colored and contains 10 to 11 Brix and 1 to 1.1% acidity when mature. Tree shows vigorous growth and spreading thornless twigs. Alternate bearing is similar to 'Miyagawa Wase'. 'Haryejosaeng' is susceptible to citrus scab disease and melanose, but resistant to citrus canker.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 2013

This study was conducted to identify the effect of soil water potential on the fruit quality and yield of paprika in summer fertigation cultivation. Treatments of soil water potential during cultivation were composed of -10, -20, and -30 kPa, respectively. The plant height of early growth was increased by high soil water potential (-10 kPa) treatment all of 'Cupra' and 'E499524' (mini-paprika) varieties. Mean fruit weight was increased by -20 kPa soil water potential treatment compared with the other treatments. The fruit number per plant was not affected by soil water potential in 'Cupra' variety but was increased by -20 kPa soil water potential treatment in E499524 variety (mini-paprika). The yield of soil water potential treatment of -20 kPa was higher than those of the other treatments. The flesh thickness and sugar content were not affected by soil water potential in 'Cupra' and 'E499524' (mini-paprika) varieties. The incidence of fruit cracking was decreased with decreasing soil water potential. Mineral contents of plants such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium etc. were not affected in soil water potential.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2016

In order to evaluate the modified installation methods of roof ventilation devices, derived from the previous experiment ('investigation into the optimum capacity of roof ventilation devices and their deployment'), the conventional and modified (improved) roof ventilation systems were installed in the single-span plastic greenhouse for growing oriental melons. The roof vents ($60{\varphi}$) and roof fans (maximum air capacity of $38m^3/min$) were installed in the spacing of 15m (FT, modified 'side vent+roof fan' ventilation) and 6m (TT, modified 'side vent+roof vent' ventilation) respectively on the roof of greenhouses for the modified roof ventilation treatments, and 20m (FC, conventional 'side vent+roof fan' ventilation) and 8m (TC, conventional 'side vent+roof vent' ventilation) for the conventional ones. The stem diameter, leaf blade lengh, petiole length, and leaf width were lower in the FT and TT treatments than those in the conventional treatments, FC and TC. Although the fruit weight and total yields were slightly lower in the FT and TT treatments, the marketable fruit ratio (%) were higher, as a result of increased fruiting ratio (%) in these treatments, than those of FC and TC. The marketable yields (kg/10a) in the FT and TT treatments were 8,391 kg/10a and 7,283 kg/10a, which were respectively 661 kg/10a and 487 kg/10a higher than those in the treatments of FC and TC. The modified installation methods of roof fan resulted in production of more female flowers and lower fruit drop ratio (%) compared to conventional meathods. In the treatment of the conventional ventilation with roof vent, the fruit weight, fruit length & width, and flesh thickness were higher than in other treatments, but there were no significant differences in the fruit width and flesh thickness among the treatments.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2010

The effects of foliar spray of calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) during fruit growth period was investigated by changes of the shoot growth and fruit quality in 'Daewol' peach (Prunus persica). Since foliar spray of $Ca(OH)_2$ 1, 2, 5, and 10 $g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at 7 day-intervals after fruit thinning, shoot growth was remarkably decreased compared with control group. An average SPAD value of fifth leaf from proximal part of the shoot was higher as 42.1 specific color difference sensor value (SCDSV) of $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spraying treatments than 40.9 SCDSV of control group. Photosynthesis rates were also significantly increased by treating $Ca(OH)_2$ of higher concentration. Among fruit characteristics affecting quality, fruit weight was increased depending on concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment. The soluble solids content was lowest in control group (8.78 $^{\circ}Brix$) compare with higher concentrations of $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spraying treatment in each 9.17, 9.22, 9.71, 10.58 $^{\circ}Brix$. The acidity and anthocyanin contents were no significant differences among treatment, but firmness of pericarp and flesh of fruits was significantly increased by $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spray treatment. As a results of morphological observation of leaf, thickness of palisade parenchyma was thinner in control group (63.5 ${\mu}m$) than those of each 86.5, 87.5, 93.6, 107.4 ${\mu}m$ in $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spraying treatment. Higher $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spray also increased the thickness of cell wall of epidermis and hypodermis in 'Daewol' fruit.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1986

'Shingo' pears were seal-packaged in polyethylene (PE) film with different thickness of 0.04. 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08mm and stored for five months in an experimental storehouse with the temperature varyine 0 to $7^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity varying 86 to 89%. The atmosphere in PE film bags was modified to 5-l4% oxygen with 3-5% carbon dioxide depending on the film thickness and the storage period. Packaging of pears with PE film effectively reduced the weight loss, which resulted in good appearance after 5 months' storage, while non-packaged pears showed a slight wilt. Decay occurrence was not significantly different among the treatments. but role browning occurred a little more in packaged lots than in non-packaged lot. The sensory panel rated the pears front 0.07mm-thick bag highest in flavor, texture, and juiciness, which might be due to the high sugar content and low titratable acidity. The firmness of pear flesh decreased with the stogare time and its change was found to be highly correlated with that of cellulase activity (correlation coefficient= -0.946). Thisresult indicated that cellulase might be one of the enzymes responsible for the softening of pear fruit during storage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2008

This study was conducted to compare the postharvest physiological characteristics of 2 paprika cultivars; 'Special', 'Fiesta' grown in 2 regions: Chuncheon(plain region) and Hwacheon(semi-high land region), and by 2 cultural methods; soil and hydroponic(rock wool culture). Respiratory rate of paprika fruit was higher in soil culture, and ethylene production was higher in Chuncheon region of both cultivars. As the thickness of fruit flesh showed thicker in Hwacheon region and hydroponic culture, the firmness of fruit was in proportion to thickness. Vitamin C content was higher in red-cultivar, 'Special'. and in Chuncheon region. Soluble solids was higher in 'Special', but there was no different between cultural regions. The fruit of both cultivars was grown smaller in Chuncheon region, and the fruit shape of 'Fiesta' progressed faster in soil culture. The surface color of fruit was higher in Hwacheon, and although there was no significantly different between cultural method, both cultivars grown by hydroponics was shown vivid color. As above results, for the long term circulation and high quality of fruit, paprika may be cultivated by hydroponics in high-altitude region.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the removal of astringency and overall quality of astringent persimmons (Diospyros kaki T. cv. Miryangbansi). Persimmons were packaged in 0.08, 0.10, or 0.12 mm low-density polyethylene film and then stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for up to 100 days. Concentrations of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ in the packaging maintained lower and higher as the film thickness increased Weight loss was strongly retarded by all three MAP films. Soluble tannin content decreased as the film thickness increased. The astringency of persimmons disappeared after 60-70 days in 0.12 mm film, after 80 days in 0.10 mm film, but did not disappear after 100 days in 0.08 mm film Loss of flesh firmness and decline in external appearance were slower in persimmons in 0.08 and 0.10 mm films than in those in 0.12 mm film. Our results show that 0.10 mm LDPE films can be effective for maintaining the quality and removal of the astringency of astringent persimmons.