• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2016

Physiological characteristics of five new apple cultivars from the Korean apple breeding program were evaluated as a function of harvest time and storage after harvest. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were measured in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', 'Green Ball', 'Picnic', and 'Hwangok' apples at harvest, during shelf life at $20^{\circ}C$, and one day after cold storage at $0.5^{\circ}C$ in air. IEC increased during shelf life in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', and 'Green Ball' but not in 'Picnic' or 'Hwangok', regardless of harvest time. Flesh firmness decreased towards harvest time and decreased gradually with time in cold storage only in the former three cultivars. In turn, IEC increased during cold storage in the first three cultivars but not for the last two cultivars, irrespective of harvest time. Changes in SSC and TA did not consistently relate to harvest time or storage period but TA tended to decrease as IEC increased. Furthermore, IEC was negatively correlated with flesh firmness except in the 'Green Ball' cultivar but the significance level was much greater in 'Summer Dream' and 'Summer King' (p < 0.0001) than in 'Picnic' (p < 0.01) or 'Hwangok' (p < 0.05) cultivars. Flesh firmness was positively correlated with TA in the first three cultivars but not in the last two cultivars. Overall, the results indicate that cultivars for which IEC increased after harvest had reduced flesh firmness and TA after storage.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2003

The potential use of ultrasonic technique for firmness measurement of apples was evaluated. Mechanical properties(bioyield deformation, bioyield strength, rupture deformation, ultimate strength, and elastic modulus) and ultrasonic parameters (ultrasonic velocity, attenuation coefficient and the first peak frequency) of the apple flesh during the storage time were measured and analyzed. Ultrasonic parameters were determined from the measurement of ultrasonic wave transmission through the apple flesh specimen. Mechanical properties were obtained by universal testing machine. The bioyield strength, rupture strength, elastic modulus, ultrasonic velocity, and the first peak frequency of the apple flesh decreased with the storage time. The bioyield deformation, rupture deformation, and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient increased with the storage time. The correlation analysis between ultrasonic parameters and mechanical properties and the storage time was performed. The high correlations were found between the storage time and the ultrasonic parameters, and these relationships seem to be useful for determining the firmness of the apple flesh.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-179
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• 1996

수확 후 '십장랑'과실의 당도와 산함량은 저장기간이 경과할수록 과실의 크기와는 관계없이 감소되었으며, 과실경도도 감소되었는데 소과보다 대과의 감소솔이 컸다. 과실의 에틸렌발생은 저장기간 중 증가되었고 호흡량은 수확 후 2주와 6주에 두 번의 상승이 있었다. 과실의 칼슘과 마그네슘함량은 과피부분이 가장 높고 과심이 그 다음이며 과육이 가장 낮았으며, 특히 칼슘함량은 외부의 과육이 내부의 과육보다 낮았고 마그네슘은 중간부위의 과육이 낮았다. Ca/Mg 율은 과심주위의 과육이 높았고 K/Ca 율은 외부과육이 높았다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.341-343
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• 1999

기기적인 분석 방법과 관능검사에 의해 '신고' 배 과실의 품질을 조사하여 저장력 판정의 기준을 정하고자 하였다. 상온저장고 및 $2^{\circ}C$ 저온저장고에 저장한 과실을 주요 품질 요인인 당함량과 경도에 따라 구분한 후 각각의 요인에 따른 식미인지도를 조사하였다. 저장 방식별 저장 가능기간은 식미인지도에 근거한 당함량과 경도의 변화 정도를 조사하여 설정하였다. 수확 60일 후 '신고' 배 과실을 이용하여 식미인지도를 조사한 결과, 경도의 경우 $3.3kg/8mm{\emptyset}$ 이상을 보이는 과실이 적정 식미를 보이는 것으로 평가되었고 당함량의 경우에는 13.0% 이상일 때 식미에 적합한 수준으로 평가되었다. 그러나 당함량은 저장중 지속적인 증가 경향을 보임으로써 저장기간 설정의 기준으로는 부적합한 요인으로 판정되었다. 과실의 경도를 기준으로 볼 때, 적정 식미를 유지하는 '신고' 배의 저장가능 기간은 상온저장이 30일, $2^{\circ}C$에서의 저온 저장은 120일 정도인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1994

This study was carried out for the establishment of optic harvest date and storage condition of 'Fuji' apple for CA storage. Apples were picked at 10 day intervals from 17 Sept to 27 Oct.. Apples were analyzed for respiration rata, weight flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar, surface color and thiault value. In 1990, the optimal harvest season could be judged between 17 Oct. and 27 Oct. from the results of respiration rate rise and change of quality properties. Apples harvested on 27 Oct. wert stored at 2$^{\circ}C$ and 90~95% RH in 1%O2 + 3%CO2, 3%O2 + 3%CO2 and air for 9 months. After 9 months of storage, apples kept in CA storages had beater quality than apples kept in refrigeration storage. Especially, apples kept in 1%O2, + 3%CO2 were fumer and more acid than those kept in 3%O2 + 3%CO2 At the sensory evaluations, apples stored in CA were rated higher quality than apples stared refrigeration.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2010

Chlorophyll fluorescence has been researched for assessing fruit post-harvest quality and condition. The objective of this preliminary research was to investigate the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for measuring apple fruit quality. Ultraviolet (UV) and blue light was used as an excitation source for inducing fluorescence in apples. Fluorescence spectra were measured from 'Golden Delicious' (GD) and 'Red Delicious' (RD) apples using a visible/near-infrared spectrometer after one, three, and five minutes of continuous UV/blue light illumination. Standard destructive tests were performed to measure fruit firmness, skin and flesh color, soluble solids and acid content from the apples. Calibration models for each of the three illumination time periods were developed to predict fruit quality indexes. The results showed that fluorescence emission decreased steadily during the first three minutes of UV/blue light illumination and was stable within five minutes. The differences were minimal in the model prediction results based on fluorescence data at one, three or five minutes of illumination. Overall, better predictions were obtained for apple skin chroma and hue and flesh hue with values for the correlation coefficient of validation between 0.80 and 0.90 for both GD and RD. Relatively poor predictions were obtained for fruit firmness, soluble solids content, titrational acid, and flesh chroma. This research has demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy is potentially useful for assessing selected quality attributes of apple fruit and further research is needed to improve fluorescence measurements so that better predictions of fruit quality can be achieved.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.709-717
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• 2012

To establish the standard of ripe kiwifruit sorting, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was performed on kiwifruit sampled from three farms. Destructive measurements of flesh firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and acidity were performed and compared to measurement using NIR reflectance spectrums from 408 to 2,492 nm. NIR predictions of those quality factors were calculated using the modified partial least square regression method. Flesh firmness was predicted with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 3.32 N and with a correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of 0.88. SSC was predicted with SEP of $0.49^{\circ}Brix$ and with $R^2$ of 0.98. Acidity was predicted with SEP of 0.28% and with $R^2$ of 0.91. Kiwifruit ripened at $20^{\circ}C$ for 15 days showed uneven qualities with normal distribution. Considering the SEP of each parameter, kiwifruit after ripening treatment could be non-destructively predicted their qualities and sorted by flesh firmness or soluble solids content through NIR prediction.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1996

This study was conducted to estimate the shelf-life of 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh) after CA storage. Apples stored In 1%O2+3%CO2, 2%O2+3%CO2 and 3%O2+3%CO2 at 2$^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$ for 8 months were stored in air at 10$^{\circ}C$, 80-85% RH for 16days. As a result of objective analysis, apples stored at 2$^{\circ}C$ wert mort effective in retarding the loss of weight flesh firmness, titratable acidity and peel color than those stored at 4$^{\circ}C$, but not the loss of soluble solid. Among storage atmospheres, 1%O2+3%CO2 at 2$^{\circ}C$ was more effective in retarding the loss of flesh firmness and green color than other atmospheres. Shelf-life of apples kept at 2$^{\circ}C$ estimated above 16 days. The contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol were not observed tn make large difference between storage conditions, but ethanol content of apples stored in 3%O2+3%CO2 at 4$^{\circ}C$ was Increased slightly for 16 days. According to sensory evaluations, apples stored at 2$^{\circ}C$ were significantly harder, juicier and more acid than chose stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. Particularly, high scores of apples stored in 1% and 2%O2+3%CO2 at 2$^{\circ}C$ Persisted for 16 days. Juiciness, hardness acidity and sweetness were related to the flesh firmness and titratable acidity. Overall acceptability was closely related to juiciness and hardness.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2008

미세천공 포장재가 신선절단 사과의 품질유지에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여, 원형사과(Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Delicious)를 제심, 절단한 후 레이저로 미세공을 하나 천공한 것과 천공하지 않은 polyolefin 필름으로 밀봉 포장하고 $4^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 저장하면서 이화학적 품질 특성들의 변화를 조사하였다. 절단사과의 과육경도는 저장 1주 후부터 천공포장구에서 유의적으로 높은 값은 보였고, 가용성 고형분 함량은 저장 3주 후에 천공포장구에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 절단사과의 절단면 갈변도, 적정산도, pH, 아세트알데하이드 및 에탄올 함량은 두 종류의 포장구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이로써 미세천공 포장재는 신선절단 사과의 과육경도 유지에 효과적인 방법인 것으로 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2004

착색단고추 비닐하우스 토경재배시 품종별 온도조건에 따른 열과 발생원인을 구명코자 하였다 열과발생률은 품종간에는 Fiesta가 Jubilee보다 높았고 온도처리간에는 $34^{\circ}C$ 고온구에서 높았다. 그리고 환경조건이 좋아지는 4월 이후에 급격히 증가하였다. 과육특성 조사결과 Fiesta품종과 고온처리구에서 과육경도와 건물률이 낮았으나 과육두께는 경향이 일정치 않았다. 과육의 무기성분 함량은 품종간, 온도처리간에 차이가 없었다. 수확시 뿌리상태는 Fiesta품종이 Jubilee보다 좋았고, 온도처리간에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 과육의 경도, 건물률, 치밀도 및 뿌리상태 등이 열과발생에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 과육두께나 과육의 무기성분 함량등은 열과발생과 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다.