• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2001

This thesis aims to reveal the unsatisfactory unfitting factors in the tight collars of adult males' dress shirts for the purpose of improving neck-collar fitness. For this study, nine adult males were chosen as the subjects. When the subjects erected their necks upright, the researcher conducted an experiment, using the direct anthropometrical measuring method and the gypsum method by turns, in order to understand neck shapes by way of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, neck flection, neck extension, right neck rotation, and left neck rotation. And then, the propriety of allowances from body surface alteration was verified by analyses through the measurement of wearing comfortableness and clothing pressure in two sorts of ready-made dress shirts, which had different allowances. The consequences of this study are as follows: 1. In length alteration to movement, a decrease was found in the opposite (and an increase in the identical) directions of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, and neck flection movements. Also, when the subjects shook their heads, an increase was seen by 0.42$\sim$0.63cm in neck girth, 0.31$\sim$1.12cm in 3cm-above-the-neck base girth, and 1.16cm in neck extension of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. 2. As a result of the drafts of surface measurement, the alteration ratios of dimensions and vertical length dropped in the identical directions of the movement, but grew in the opposite directions. A reverse change was shown in horizontal length. The rough widening gaps for making drafts were 0.7cm in front left and right, and 0.2cm in back left and right of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. On the whole, the space was about 1.8cm, while there was no significant variation between the upright stationary test and the movement test. 3. There were important differences between the two kinds of ready-made dress shirts (Type A: 1cm allowance in neck girth; Type B: 2cm allowance) in clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness. That is, Type A had higher pressure and more uncomfortable sense of wearing. In other words, as clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness are negatively related to each other, Type A's greater clothing pressure led to worse wearing comfortableness.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2014

3D printer is based on an additive manufacturing technology, which helps in creating the three-dimensional object using a 3D drawing. It is used in various fields, because it prints out a variety of three-dimensional products in a short period of time. In this paper, we consider a technique using the FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) method by dissolving the ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) resin among a diversity of printing technique and materials. This kind of the 3D printer prints out a product in high temperature and cools down it. In this process, a flection phenomenon is occurred according to the size of the printing product and the surrounding environment. Conventional methods for mitigating this phenomenon maintain the temperature at the optimum level, but they require using additional devices. In order to minimize the flection phenomenon in 3D printing products without additional devices, in this paper, we propose a noble technique, which creates holes on suitable positions when they are designed by 3D drawing tools. Also, we suggest mathematical model for the proposed method, and measure and analyse a printing output using a proposed technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

This paper experimentally deals with the excitation by functional electrical stimulus(FES) and the response of electromyo-potential at the muscles of antebrachial joint in a human body. The excitation of FES, which results in the contraction of the muscles and thus the flection of the joint, shows that the flection angle of the joint is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus current. The response of electromyo-potential measured according to the FES shows the linearly-proportional relation between the joint torque and the electromyo-potential. The results can be used for active motion of joint rehabilitation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.121-122
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 1993

We studied relation between the clothing pressure applied by foundations(waist nipper, girdle, body suit) on the waist of bodies and muscular activity, feeling of tightness. The main results were summerized as follows ; 1. Clothing pressure applied by foundations was high in order of girdle>waist nipper>body suit, also clothing pressure was higher back than front and side, sitting on the chair than standing posture, ventral flection than repose. Individual differences, even if size of body was equal, were shown in clothing pressure applied by foundations with subcutaneous fat's amount in measuring region. 2. The muscular activity of rectus abdominis than obliquus externus abdominis was more affected by foundations in all kinds of postures and motions. Amplitude of electromyogram was high sitting on the chair than standing posture, but there was little difference with motion variation. The wearing girdle strongly affected on the muscular activities of rectus abdominis and obliquus externus abdominis as compared with waist nipper and body suit. 3. The value for feeling of tightness by wearing waist nipper was higher than girdle and body suit. Also the case when sitting on the chair and ventral flection, the value for feeling of tightness was high. When the foundations were on the body, most tightened on the region of the body was anterior abdominal region.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of study was to test the effect of lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise using elastic resistance on balance on elderly women. Methods: Twenty four women who were over 65 years old were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the exercise programme (n=12) or to the control group (n=12) that continued normal activities except programme. Exercises included the following 7 different activities; chair squat, knee flection, extension, hip flection, extension, calf muscle raise, ankle dorsiflection. All the participants were subject to 3 tests, including One-Leg Standing Test, Functional Reaching Test, and Up & Go Test. The measurements were made before the excercise, 4 and 8 weeks after the exercise. The data were analyzed by using the two way repeated ANOVA. Results: The results were as follows; As compared with change of balance capacity between groups, a significant difference was shown in the up and go test (p<.05), but not in balance performance clinical test of OLST (p>.05) and FRT (p>.05). Conclusion: The lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise using elastic resistance for the elderly women had some positive effects on the balance. Therefore this intervention can be broadly applied to other elders for preventing falls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Taekwondo training causing leg-muscular strength for elementary school children. Methods：The subjects were Taekwondo group (n=20) and non-Taekwondo group (n=20) from 5-6 graders of elementary school. The Tkd group exercised Taekwondo and the non-Taekwondo group exercised free gymnastics. The subjects were measured 3 times(pre, mid and after)during the 8weeks program. The leg muscular strength peak torque and average power were measured. And the extension-flection of angular speed 60 deg/sec and 180 deg/sec was measured. Results：The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Compared with the Tkd group, the non-Tkd group showed no significant difference in tests statistically in case of right-left of pre-4weeks. The leg muscle's peak torque did not show significant difference in the extension angular 60 deg/sec(p>.05). 2. The score of flection angular speed 60deg/sec was not different in tests leg strength of right-left to pre-4weeks(p<.05), but the muscle was increased according to the amount of time spent in case of the 4-8weeks. 3. Compared with the Tkd group, the non-Tkd group showed no significant difference in tests statistically in case of right-left of pre-4weeks. The leg muscle's peak torque did not show significant difference in the extension angular 180deg/sec(p>.05). The right leg muscular strength was increased in case of the 4-8weeks. The left leg showed no difference. 4. Leg muscular strength was increased in the case of the pre-4weeks in the right of flection angular speed 180deg/sec. The left did not show difference. The right leg muscle in case of the 4-8weeks showed no difference. The left showed significant difference. Conclusion：Taekwondo training is effective for leg-muscular strengthing for elementary school children.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

This study was to compare the major kinematic factors between the success and failure group on performing the back somersault motion in floor exercise. Three gymnasts(height : $167.3{\pm}2.88cm$, age : $22.0{\pm}1.0years$, body weight : $64.4{\pm}2.3kg$) were participated in this study. The kinematic data was recorded at 60Hz with four digital video camera. Two successful motions and failure motions for each subject were selected for three dimensional analysis. 1. Success Trail It was appear that success trail was larger than failure group in projection velocity, but success trail was smaller than failure trail in projection angle. Also it was appear that success trail was longer than failure group in the time required. Hand segment velocity and maximum velocity in success trail were larger than those in failure trail, and this result was increasing the projection velocity and finally increasing the vertical height of center of mass. At the take-off(event 2), flection amount of hip and knee joint angle was contributed to the optimal condition for the take-off and at the peak point, hip and knee joint angle was maximum flexed for reducing the moment of inertia. Also in this point, upper extremities of success trail extended more than those of failure trail. in this base, success trail in upward phase(p3) 2. Failure Trail It was appear that failure trail was smaller than success trail in projection velocity, but failure trail was larger than success trail in projection angle. Also it was appear that failure trail was more short than success trail in the time required. Hand segment velocity and maximum velocity in failure trail were smaller than those in success trail, and this result was reducing the projection velocity and finally reducing the vertical high of center of mass. At the take-off(event 2), flection amount of hip and knee joint angle wasn't contributed to the optimal condition for the take-off and at the peak point, hip and knee joint angle wasn't maximum flexed for reducing the moment of inertia. Also in this point, upper extremities of failure trail didn't extended more than those of success trail.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.104-116
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• 2009

Objectives: This experimental study was designed to show the relationship between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia. A comparative study between Sa-am and local area acupuncture stimulation was conducted. The test results help to show the relationship between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia as well as the recuperation of the patient with the use of VAS, ROM, Sch ber test, ODI and salivary cortisol testing. Methods: 1. Twenty-four adults with chronic low back pain were recruited. Once selected the test population was divided into two different groups. One group was treated only with the use of local area acupuncture and the other with Sa-am acupuncture. 2. At the completion of each acupuncture treatment both groups underwent a VAS, ROM, ODI, $Sch{\ddot{o}}ber$ Test and salivary cortisol test. Results: 1. Both the Sa-am acupuncture group and the local area acupuncture group had statistical significance in VAS decrease and flection ROM increase. 2. Only the Sa-am acupuncture group had statistical significance in extension ROM increase. Only the local area acupuncture group had statistical significance in both lateral flection ROM increase and ODI test. 3. There was statistical significance of correlation between morning salivary cortisol test and adrenal fatigue questionnaire. Conclusions: Both local area acupuncture as well as Sa-am acupuncture treatments were effective for treating lower back pain caused by kidney qi deficiency. In addition, each patients recuperation level can be verified with the results seen from the salivary cortisol test results. The cortisol results suggest a similarity between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.416-419
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• 2004

A 9-month-old castrated male Korean Jindo was presented for evaluation of a progressive left forelimb lameness of 4 weeks' duration. On physical examination, the dog showed moderate weight bearing lameness on the left forelimb. Firm and mild swelling was palpated, and range of motion was decreased in the left elbow. Signs of pain were elicited by gentle flection and hyperextension of the left elbow. On radiographs, fragmentation of the medial coronoid process with moderate secondary degenerative joint disease was found. The bone fragments could be seen more clearly on stress radiograph of the left elbow joint which was taken while flexing the elbow and inwardly rotating the antebrachium. A medial elbow arthrotomy was performed, and the loose fragments were removed from the coronoid region. Left forelimb lameness improved markedly after surgery.