• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2010

A grilled-type shrimp flavor was developed through the Maillard reaction to reduce or mask fish odor or off-flavor in seafood. Model systems were created by using enzymatic hydrolysate of shrimp and adding precursors to increase flavor quality and stability. Amino acid precursors such as cysteine and methionine, sugar precursors such as glucose, xylose, ribose, and sucrose, and one particular compound of glucosamine were tried and their flavor qualities were tested by sensory evaluation. Also, the optimum reaction condition was investigated using the pH values of pH 5, 6, 7, and 8 with reaction times of 1 hr, 2 hr and 3 hr after the best precursors were determined. The best condition of the precursors for grilled-type shrimp flavor was the mixtures of methionine, threonine, xylose, and glucosamine. The optimum reaction condition was at pH 8.0 and 2 hr reaction time.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2010

Boiled-type shrimp flavor was developed using Maillard reaction to reduce or mask fish odor or off-flavor in seafood. Model systems were created using enzymatic hydrolysate of shrimp and adding precursor compounds to increase flavor quality and stability. Amino acid precursors of cysteine and methionine and sugar precursors such as glucose, xylose, ribose and sucrose were tried and their flavor qualities were tested by sensory evaluation. After the optimal precursors were determined, the optimum reaction condition was investigated using pHs of 5, 6, 7, and 8 and reaction times of 1, 2 and 3 hours. The best precursors for boiled-type shrimp flavor were methionine and sucrose. The optimum reaction condition was pH 8.0 and a one hour reaction time.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

This work has been conducted to develop a method for the analysis of neutral volatile flavors and their precursors in tobacco. The neutral volatile compounds and precursors in tobaccos have been investigated by Neutral Volatile scan method(NV scan) using Soxhlet extractor. The method has been used to analyze a range of different tobaccos and tobacco products. Neutral flavor compounds were classified as three sections(1st Volatile Fraction, Breakdown Flavor Products and Cembranoid Precursors). The major components of the First Volatile Fraction were 2-cyclohexene-1-one, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, limonene and phenyl ethanol. The major components of Breakdown Flavor Products were isophorone, solanone, damascenone, 3-hydroxy-$\beta$-damascone, geranyl acetone, $\beta$-ionone, dihydroactinidiolide, norsolanadione, neophytadiene, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, farnesyl acetone and megastigmatrienone. The major cembranoid precursor compounds were dibutyl phthalate, duvatrenediols, 8,12-epoxy-14-labden-13-ol, 11-hydroperoxy-2,7,12(20)-cembratriene-4,6-diol, 12,15-epoxy-12,14-labadien-8-ol, 2,7,11-cembratrien-4,6-diol and 8,13-epoxy-14-labdien-12-ol. The NV scna results of tobacco types(flue-cured, burley and oriental) showed that each tobacco type has a characteristic flavor component profile.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.621-627
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• 2006

압출성형에 의해 제조된 구운 쇠고기 반응향의 향특성을 알아보기 위해 휘발성 성분 및 aroma-active화합물을 SDE-GC-MS-O법을 이용하여 분석하였다. HVP에 ribose, cysteine, furaneol, thiamin, methionine, 마늘 분말 및 인지질 등의 전구문질을 넣고 최적 압출성형 조건인 $160^{\circ}C$, 스크루 속도 45 rpm 및 윈료공급 속도 38 kg/hr에서 압출성형하였다. 압출성형에 의해 제조된 구운 쇠고기 반응향에서 모두 68개 의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었으며, 그 숫자는 furaneol을 빼고 압출성형 시킨 반응향과 HVP만 압출성형 시킨 시료에서 크게 줄어들었다. GC-O결과 구운 쇠고기 반응향에서 27개의 aroma-active 화합물이 검출되었으며, methional과 2-methyl-3-furanthiol이 가장 중요한 aroma-active화합물로 밝혀졌다. Furaneol이 구운 쇠고기 반응향 생성에 있어서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각되어 진다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2003

HVP로부터 구운 쇠고기향를 제조하기 위하여 쇠고기향 생성에 중요하게 작용하는 반응들을 고려하여 전구물질을 탐색한 결과, 구운 소고기 향을 생성하는 전구물질조성으로 HVP, ribose, cysteine, furaneol, thiamin, methionine, 마늘분말 및 phospholipid를 선정 하였다. 선정된 전구물질조성을 고온 고압 반응기를 이용하여 구운 쇠고기향 생성에 영향을 주는 반응조건들을 알아본 결과, 최적 반응조건은 $130^{\circ}C$, 교반속도 100rpm 및 반응시간 1시간에 수분 7.5% 첨가시 좋은 구운 쇠고기 향이 생성되었다. Omission test에 의해 구운 쇠고기향 생성에 중요한 역할을 하는 전구물질을 선정한 결과 cysteine, furaneol, thiamin 및 마늘분말이었다. HVP 5% ribose, 5% methionine, 5% phospholipid를 기본 base로 하고, cysteine, furaneol, thiamin, 그리고 마늘분말을 독립변수로 하여 반응표면분석법을 행한 결과 전구물질의 최적조성은 7.7% cysteine, 7.3% furaneol, 2.1% thiamin 및 6.9% 마늘 분말로 나타났다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1684-1694
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the association between feed efficiency, physicochemical properties, flavor precursors and biomolecules in the thigh meat of Korat (KR) chickens. Methods: The feed intake and body weight of individual male KR chickens were recorded from 1 to 10 weeks old to calculate the individual residual feed intake (RFI) of 75 birds. At 10 weeks of age, chickens with the 10 highest (HRFI) and lowest RFI (LRFI) were slaughtered to provide thigh meat samples. The physicochemical properties (ultimate pH, water holding capacity [WHC], drip loss) and flavor precursors (guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate (IMP), adenosine monophosphate and inosine) were analyzed conventionally, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the composition of biomolecules (lipids, ester lipids, amide I, amide II, amide III, and carbohydrates) and the secondary structure of the proteins. A group t-test was used to determine significant differences between mean values and principal component analysis to classify thigh meat samples into LRFI and HRFI KR chickens. Results: The physicochemical properties of thigh meat samples from LRFI and HRFI KR chickens were not significantly different but the IMP content, ratios of lipid, lipid ester, protein (amide I, amide II) were significantly different (p<0.05). The correlation loading results showed that the LRFI group was correlated with high ratios of lipids, lipid esters, collagen content (amide III) and beta sheet protein (rg loading >0.5) while the HRFI group was positively correlated with protein (amide I, amide II), alpha helix protein, IMP content, carbohydrate, ultimate pH and WHC (rg loading >0.5). Conclusion: The thigh meat from chickens with different RFI differed in physiochemical properties affecting meat texture, and in the contents of flavor precursors and biomolecules affecting the nutritional value of meat. This information can help animal breeders to make genetic improvements by taking more account of traits related to RFI.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 리보오스와 저염 및 저 Glu 소맥글루텐산 가수분해물을 기본 기질로 하여 기존의 시스테인, 메티오닌, 티아민 등의 전구체로 반응시킨 육류향과 이를 버섯분말 및 지질전구체 등으로 대체하여 반응시킨 육류향의 관능적 특성을 비교하여 천연 육류 향미제를 개발하고자 하였다. 기본 기질로 식물단백 가수분해물은 염농도에 따른 소맥글루텐 산 가수분해물과 저 Glu 소맥글루텐 산 가수분해물을 사용하였으며 향 특성을 검토하였을 때 염 7%의 저 Glu 소맥글루텐 산 가수분해물을 사용하는 것이 적합하였으며 황화물 채소로 마늘 분말을 기본 기질로 하였다. 기존의 synthetic meat flavor의 전구체를 omission test에 의해 검토하였을 때 시스테인은 육류향의 기여도가 컸으며 메티오닌과 티아민 및 레시틴은 영향이 적어 다른 소재로의 대체 가능성을 나타내었다. Natural meat flavor의 전구체로 효모 자가분해물 적용시 이취가 강하여 적합하지 않았으며 마늘 분말 대신 마늘 착즙 분말로 대체가 가능하였다. 버섯분말의 경우 표고버섯을 protease로 효소처리하여 건조시킨 분말이 육류향 생성에 적합하였으며 느타리버섯은 고유의 향긋한 향미가 감소되어 적합하지 않았다. 지질전구체의 경우 라드를 적용하였을 때 다른 지질에 비해 느끼한 향 특성이 적당하고 1%의 농도에서 육류향과 황내의 향 특성이 조화로웠다. 지질인 라드와 인지질인 레시틴을 첨가하여 비교하였을 때 레시틴 첨가와 라드와 레시틴의 혼합 첨가보다 1% 농도의 라드를 단독 첨가하는 것이 좋은 육류향을 생성하였다. 따라서 기본 기질로 소맥글루텐 산 가수분해물을 저염 및 저 Glu화 하였으며, 기존의 육류향 생성에 사용되었던 메티오닌 티아민 및 레시틴의 전구체를 마늘 착즙 분말과 버섯분말 및 라드로 대체하였을 때 상대적으로 전체적인 향의 강도는 낮았으나 느끼하고 짠향이 감소되어 부드러운 육류향을 생성할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2015

The influence of aging on the flavor precursors and volatile compounds of top round beef was studied. The concentrations of free amino acids, nucleotides, creatine, dipeptides, and volatile compounds were measured after top round from Hanwoo was aged at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21 days. The amount of free amino acids in top round significantly increased with the increase of aging period. There was no effect of aging on the concentrations of adenosine monophosphate or inosine in top round. The inosine monophosphate content of top round significantly decreased with age, while the hypoxanthine content increased. The concentrations of creatine, carnosine, and anserine in top round were not influenced by aging. In total, 24 volatile compound were identified in aged, cooked top round. Of these, the quantities of aldehydes (propanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal), hydrocarbons (pentane and octane), 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, and pyridines (4-ethynyl-pyridine and 4-acetyl-pyridine) significantly increased after aging. We conclude that the flavor of top round can be improved by aging.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2010

In order to elucidate a mechanism responsible for the development of the odor characteristics of cooked, desirable-flavored shellfish, oysters were extracted using various solvents and the resulting extracts were evaluated organoleptically after cooking. The 80% aqueous methanol extract was found to produce a desirable cooked flavor. This oyster extract was fractionated using ion-exchange column chromatography and dialysis, and each of the fractions was subjected to cooking, followed by organoleptic evaluation. The outer dialysate fraction such as acidic and amphoteric water-soluble fractions produced a cooked oyster flavor. The volatile flavor compounds identified from cooked oyster included 29 hydrocarbons, 20 alcohols, 16 acids, 12 aldehydes, nine nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, eight ketones, five furans, three esters, three phenols, and one benzene.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.752-756
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of cooking condition on the water-soluble flavor precursors relevant to postmortem glycogen metabolisms in various beef muscles from Hanwoo (Korean cattle). The loins, striploins, top rounds, and eye of rounds from 40-mon-old heifers were cooked in either with $100^{\circ}C$ water bath (wet-cooking) or $180^{\circ}C$ household electric oven (dry-cooking) until attained to about $80^{\circ}C$ of internal temperature before the measurements of amounts of macroglycogen, proglycogen, free glucose, and lactate. The macroglycogen and proglycogen contents were not significant differences in all beef muscles between the wet-cooking and dry-cooking treatments. Regardless of cooking condition, the both loin and top round had higher (p<0.05) two types of glycogen than the eye of round. The free glucose and lactate contents presented higher trends in the dry-cooking treatment compared with the wet-cooking treatment. The wet-cooked top round had higher (p<0.05) free glucose than the wet-cooked eye of round. Moreover, the top round contained the highest lactate content regardless of cooking condition. Consequently, it is considered that the dry-cooking treatment would be more beneficial to the flavor of cooked beef muscles than the wet-cooking treatment.