• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the sensory attributes, gingerol content and volatile components of ginger paste resulting from microbial fermentation. In the ginger samples, a total of eighteen attributes were determined to characterize the sensory attributes from descriptive analysis. These eighteen attributes consisted of the following: one appearance, eight odor/aroma, eight taste, and one aftertaste attribute. The ginger fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum produced a ginger aroma and putrid taste, whereas the sample fermented with Lactobacillus brevis showed a decreased ginger aroma and taste, and generated a lemon flavor. A total gingerol content of fresh and fermented ginger was 100.19 mg% and 89.55 mg%, respectively. Sixty-one volatile components in the fresh and fermented ginger were identified, and constituted eight kinds of monoterpenes, twenty-one kinds of sesquiterpenes, eight kinds of oxygenated monoterpenes and nine kinds of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The most abundant volatile component identified in the fresh ginger was $\alpha$-gingerberine (26.52%), whereas fermented ginger was increased in its alcohol components.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.280-288
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• 1995

Because yeast is rich in vitamins, nucleotides and essential amino acids, it has been used as a nutrient and dietary supplements. Particularly yeast extract functions as a seasoning, flavor enhancer in meats. In this study, naturally occurring insoluble components during yeast extract process by autolysis were microanalyses by using SEM, XRD, HPLC, GC, FT-lR and DSC. On the basis of useful datas, authors have characterized the analytical points for the purpose of improving products in the preparation of yeast extract.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 1985

Volatile components of Korean horseradish roots harvested at different dates were prepared by steam distillation. Samples were examined by gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major pungent constituent, allyl isothiocyanate was confirmed add tended to increase with delayed harvest time. Pungent principles also included allyl thiocyanate, 2-phenethyl, 2-butyl, 4- pentenyl, benzyl and 3-methylthiopropyl isothiocyanates. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy study showed that allyl isothiocyanate - thiocyanate interconversion did not occur under the condition of this study.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2005년도 추계학술발표회 요지
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• pp.284-285
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• 2005

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 1994년도 하계 학술 심포지움
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• pp.17-22
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• 1994

Food additives are minor components which are used to enhance nutritive or sensory values, and to improve shelf life of foods. In foods, natural additives are preferred over artificial or synthetic materials because of concern on food safety. Many biotechnological techniques have been applied to the production of food additives since the biotechnology has been utilized to prodyce many flavor components such as glutamate, 5'-nucleotides, esters, 2,3-bytadione, pyrazines, terpenes, and lactones. Natural flavors, fragrances, sweetners, and colorants can be produced by plant cell culture. Many lactic acid bacteria produce bacteriocins such as nisin or diplococcin. These bacteriocins are used as safe preservatives in foods and many researches on the improvenment of bacteriocin productivity by genetic engineering are in progress.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1288-1292
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• 2009

Volatile flavor compounds were isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (gamguk) produced in Korea and China by the hydro distillation, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of oils from Korean and Chinese gamguk were 2.0 and 0.5%(v/w), respectively. Sixty-three volatile compounds of Korean gamguk representing 89.28% of the total peak area were tentatively identified, including 35 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 6 ketones, 3 esters, 5 aldehydes, 1 oxide, and 1 miscellaneous component. Thirty-six volatile components of Chinese gamguk constituted 58.15% of the total volatile composition were tentatively characterized, consisting of 19 hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 2 ketones, 2 esters, 4 aldehydes, 1 oxide, and 1 miscellaneous component. The predominant components of Korean oil were ${\alpha}$-pinene, 1,8-cineol, and chrysanthenone. Whereas, camphor, ${\alpha}$-curcumene, and ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandrene were the main aroma compounds of Chinese gamguk.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2008

The aroma constituents of Chrysanthemum indicum L. were separated by the hydro distillation extraction method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower oil was 2.0% (w/w) and the color was light golden yellow. Sixty-three volatile flavor components, which make up 89.28% of the total aroma composition of the flower oil, were tentatively characterized. This essential oil contained 35 hydrocarbons (48.75%), 12 alcohols (19.92%), 6 ketones (15.31%), 3 esters (4.61%), 5 aldehydes (0.43%), 1 oxide (0.22%), and 1 miscellaneous component (0.04%). ${\alpha}$-Pinene (14.63%), 1,8-cineol (10.71%) and chrysanthenone (10.01%) were the predominant volatile components in Chrysanthemum indicum L., an aromatic medicinal herbaceous plant.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.144-152
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• 1995

This study was carried out in order to utilize ginseng marc (GM), a byproduct produced during the preparation of ginseng extract. For the utilization of GM as coffee-replacing beverage, GM was roasted at 140-23$0^{\circ}C$, for 10-30 min to generate coffee-like flavor and taste. The physicochemical changes in GM induced by roasting process was measured. Weight and moisture contents of GM abruptly decreased while roasting at various temperature and period of time, and the amount of water-extracted solid substances decorated beyond 23$0^{\circ}C$. Among the proximate components, total and free sugar decreased remarkably, while crude fat content increased. Crude protein content did not change by the roasting process. pH derides to pH 4.9 after 30 min at 20$0^{\circ}C$, but increased at higher temperatures. Hunter color L value of the GM powder decreased, whereas a and b values, increased up to 10 times as compared to that of the control. The brown color(O, D 490 nm) in 50% ethanol extract of the roasted GM was 46 times higher than that of the control.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.554-563
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• 2013

유산발효한 인진쑥과 약쑥에 대해 발효전후의 이화학적 특성과 영양성분의 변화를 살펴보았고 SAW(surface acoustic wave) 센서가 장착된 GC를 기반으로 한 전자코를 이용하여 휘발성 향기성분의 패턴을 신속하게 비교분석하였다. 발효후 pH는 6.0~6.4에서 4.6~5.1로 감소하였고 총 가용성고형분 함량은 발효에 따라 약쑥은 감소, 인진쑥은 증가하였다. Hunter's color value를 측정한 결과 명도의 L값과 황색도의 b값은 감소한 반면 적색도의 a값은 발효후 모두 증가하였다. 아미노산의 총량은 발효에 따라 모두 크게 증가하였고 필수아미노산 함량은 인진쑥보다 약쑥에 많았으며 특히 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid의 함량이 가장 높았다. 지방산조성을 GC로 분석한 결과 단일불포화 지방산은 약쑥에, 다가불포화지방산은 인진쑥에 더 많이 함유되어 있었고, 발효후 모두 그 함량이 각각 증가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 인진쑥이 62.71~69.40 mg/g로 약쑥의 23.64~24.12 mg/g보다 월등히 높았고, 발효전후의 차이는 없었다. 총 당함량은 발효전 1.58~2.70 mg/g 이었으나 발효후 0.34~1.14 mg/g으로 크게 감소하는 특징을 보였다. 쑥의 주요 지표성분중의 하나인 scopoletin을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 약쑥에서는 검출되지 않았고, 인진쑥의 경우 발효전과 발효후 각각 5.36 및 6.24 mg/g으로 나타났다. 주사전자현미경으로 살펴본 발효쑥의 표면미세구조는 쑥의 종류에 따라서는 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 발효후 식물조직이 다소 거칠어지고 부스러진 입자가 생성된 것이 관찰되었으나 전반적으로 발효에 의한 식물세포의 변형은 크지 않았다. 전자코에 의한 향기성분 분석결과 발효후 새로운 향기성분의 생성되거나 발효전의 피크가 크게 증가하는 특징을 보였다. 약쑥은 11개에서 발효후 17개로 증가하였고, 인진쑥은 12개에서 19개로 증가하였다. VaporPrint$^{TM}$로 향기성분의 조합과 함량비를 이미지화된 패턴으로 분석한 결과 약쑥과 인진쑥 원료의 향기는 매우 뚜렷하게 다른 패턴을 지닌 것으로 나타났고, 발효후에는 미세하지만 발효전과 확연히 다른 냄새를 가진 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2011

식초는 동서양의 대표적인 발효식품으로 조미용뿐만 아니라 건강기능식품 음료로써 잠재력을 가진 식품으로, 다양한 종류의 식초음료가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 시판 수입산 식초음료 3종(이탈리아산 발사믹식초음료-IVB, 일본산 포도블루베리식초음료-JVB, 일본산 유자폰즈-JYP) 및 국내산 1종(백포도식초음료-KWVB)의 휘발성 향기성분을 비교하여 다양한 식초음료개발에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 분석결과 IVB 경우 총 62종의 화합물(산류 11종, 에스테르류 17종, 알콜류 10종, 알데히드류 8종, 테르펜류 3종, 방향족화합물 4종 및 케톤류 9종)이 검출되었다. 휘발성 화합물의 조성비율을 본다면 산류(61.3%), 에스테르류(11.7%) 및 케톤류(10.7%)가 대부분의 함량을 차지하였다. JVB는 총 55종 화합물(산류 7종, 에스테르류 8종, 알콜류 9종, 알데히드류 7종, 테르펜류 13종, 방향족화합물 7종, 케톤류 1종 및 기타 3종)로 산류 56.3%, 케톤류 15.7% 및 에스테르 8.97%로 IVB에 비해 전반적인 함량은 낮으나 유사한 조성비율 나타내었다. JYP의 경우 총 106종 화합물(산류 3종, 에스테르류 12종, 알콜류 8종, 알데히드류 7종, 테르펜류 63종, 방향족화합물 6종, 케톤류 2종 및 기타 5종)이 검출되었다. 휘발성 화합물의 조성비율을 본다면 유자로부터 기인되는 테르펜류화합물(79.6%)이 대부분의 함량을 나타내었다. KWV의 경우는 총 50종의 화합물(산류 10종, 에스테르류 10종, 알콜류 9, 알데히드류 8종, 테르펜류 2종, 방향족화합물 5종, 케톤류 4종 및 기타 2종)으로 산류 81% 및 케톤류 9.0%가 대부분의 함량을 나타내었다. KWVB 경우 다른 식초음료에 비해 산류의 함량이 높으나 다른 화합물의 함량은 낮고 조성비율도 낮게 나타났다. 와인을 원료하여 제조된 basamic식초음료에는 5가지 휘발성 향기성분인, 2-phenylethyl acetate (꽃향, 과일향), 2-phenylethanol (장미향), vitispirane (과일향), geranylacetone (fragrant향) 및 acetic acid가 주된 휘발성 향기성분으로 검출되었다.