• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.177-181
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on the change of volatile flavor compounds of raw oyster and its cooking drips using headspace methods. Major volatile flavor compounds of the raw oyster were identified as methylthiomethane and 1,5-hexadiene. When the raw oyster was irradiated at the dose of 5 kGy, 1-pentane was newly detected. On the other hand, 9 compounds including N-methoxyformaldehyde were identified as the major volatile compounds of cooking drips from oyster. Among them, N-methoxyformaldehyde contents in cooking drip was decreased by the gamma irradiation. By the gamma irradiation above 30 kGy, new heterocyclic compounds was found in oyster cooking drips. Therefore, the amount of volatile flavor compounds in the raw oyster and cooking drips were changed by gamma irradiation, and these results could be potentially used in the seasoning industry.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.1705-1716
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the effects of cooking conditions on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of dry- and wet-aged beef strip loins. Methods: Dry- and wet-aged beef aged for 28 days were cooked using different cooking methods (grilling or oven roasting)×cooking temperatures (150℃ or 230℃), and their pH, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile compounds, and color were measured. Results: Cooking conditions did not affect pH; however, grilling resulted in lower TBARS but higher cooking doneness at the dry-aged beef surface compared to oven roasting (p<0.05). In descriptive sensory analysis, the roasted flavor of dry-aged beef was significantly stronger when grill-cooked compared to oven roasting. Dry-aged beef grill-cooked at 150℃ presented a higher intensity of cheesy flavor, and that grilled at 230℃ showed a greater intensity of roasted flavor compared to wet-aged beef at the same condition, respectively. Conclusion: Grilling may be effective for enhancing the unique flavor in dry-aged beef.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.292-302
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 동북아권인 한국, 일본, 중국과 서구권인 이탈리아 문화권의 밀가루로 만든 면 11종을 가지고 묘사분석 방법과 소비자 기호 검사를 통하여 면의 관능적 특성 차이를 비교하였다. 묘사분석 훈련과정을 통해 짠맛, 분유 냄새, 이스트향, 탄력성, 경도 등 14가지의 관능적 특성을 도출하였다. 묘사분석에 의해 일본야끼우동은 한국야끼우동과 응집성이나 수분흡수정도, 입안에 남는 정도에서는 비슷한 특성을 가졌으나, 일본야끼우동은 탄력성이 약간 적고 촉촉한 정도가 한국야끼우동에 비해서 적었다. 소비자 기호도 검사에 대한 주성분 분석 결과 77.1% 설명력을 가졌으며, 단맛, 탄력성, 응집성, 씹힘성, 짠맛, 촉촉한 정도, 매끈한 정도 등은 양의 방향으로, 경도, 색, 구수한 맛, 밀가루맛 등은 음의 방향으로 나타났다. 전반적인 소비자 기호도와 묘사분석 특성간의 상관관계를 비교해볼 때 묘사분석 시 단맛(sweetness), 경도(hardness), 씹힘성(chewiness), 응집성(cohesiveness)의 특성이 강할수록 소비자들의 탄력성, 구수한맛의 선호도에 좋은 영향을 준 것으로 나타났으며, 묘사분석의 신맛(sourness), 탄력성(springness), 응집성(cohesiveness)의 관능적 특성이 강할수록 소비자들의 전반적인 기호도(Overall consumer acceptance), 맛의 기호도(Taste consumer acceptance), 텍스처기호도(Texture consumer acceptance), 향미기호도(Flavor consumer acceptance)에 좋은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 묘사분석의 이스트향(yeast flavor), 부착성(adhesiveness), 우유 냄새(milky flavor), 분유냄새(milk powder flavor)의 관능적 특성이 강할수록 소비자들의 전반적인 기호도(Overall consumer acceptance), 맛의 기호도(Taste consumer acceptance), 텍스처기호도(Texture consumer acceptance), 향미기호도(Flavor consumer acceptance)에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.316-321
• /
• 2020

송이버섯이 첨가된 전통주를 제조한 후 송절편을 첨가하여 첨가량과 숙성 기간에 따른 향기 성분의 변화를 기체 크로마토그래피 질량분광법을 통해 조사하였다. 송절편을 첨가하지 않은 대조구에서는 총 3종의 향기 성분이 검출되었으나, 송절편을 첨가한 송이주에서는 총 15종의 향기 성분이 검출되었다. 송절편을 5% 첨가한 실험구에서 송이버섯 특유의 향기 성분인 β-fenchyl alcohol과 2-octanol, methyl cinnamate은 숙성기간 동안 상대적인 함량이 증가하여 8주 후에는 각각 67.57%, 2.14%와 0.94%를 나타냈다. 주성분 분석 결과 송절편 첨가에 의한 β-fenchyl alcohol의 상대적 함량 증가가 송이주의 향미 특성에 영향을 미치며, 송이주의 향미 특성은 송절편의 첨가량 보다 숙성 기간에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.939-943
• /
• 1995

본 실험에서는 Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus salvarius subsp. thermophilus의 혼합균주를 이용한 호상 요구르트의 제조시 $10^{\circ}C$에서 15일간의 저장기간에 따른 휘발성 향미성분과 요구르트 향미의 변화를 조사하였다. 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 diacetyl을 제외한 acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, 2-butanone과 2-heptanone의 함량은 지속적인 증가 경향을 보였다. 그 중 acetaldehyde, acetone과 ethanol 성분은 현저히 증가하였다. 호상 요구르트의 향미는 15일간의 저장기간동안 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았고, 관능검사에 따른 이취는 증가하였다. 요구르트의 휘발성 향미 성분과 관능검사결과와의 상관 관계는 acetone과 향미와는 (-)의 관계로, ethanol과 이취와는 (+)관계로 나타났으며, 그 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). $10^{\circ}C$에서 15일간의 저장기간에 따른 호상 요구르트의 휘발성 성분 함량과 요구르트의 향미 변화를 조사한 결과, 15일간의 저장은 거의 영향을 끼치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.506-513
• /
• 2012

This principal objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory properties and flavor compounds of Kimchi prepared with different levels (0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%) of Backryeoncho extracts (BE). At high levels of BE, Kimchi showed increased level of crispness and flavor, and also jeotgal odor decreased in the sensory evaluation. Addition of 0.8 % BE resulted in the highest scores for color, taste, and overall acceptance of Kimchi. Therefore, addition of 0.8 % BE appears to be an acceptable approach to enhance the quality of Kimchi without reducing acceptability. As a result of flavor compound analysis, a total of 24 volatile flavor compound, including 11 S-containing compounds, 6 terpenes, 1 acid, 1 ester, 1 alcohol, 2 miscellaneous compounds, 2 thiocyanates, etc., were detected by GC/MS. The major volatile compounds were s-containing compounds and terpene hydrocarbon, and especially terpene of sabinene was newly detected in Kimchi with added BE. Levels of 2-vinyl-[4H]-1,3-dithin derived from garlic flavor as a sulfide-containing compound along with diallyl trisulfide derived from green onion flavor were reduced in Kimchi with added 0.8% BE. Most sulfide-containing compounds were reduced in Kimchi with added BE, whereas most terpenes detected in control Kimchi were not detected.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2010

Traditional simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE) and solid-phase micro extraction(SPME) methods using GC/MS were compared for their effectiveness in the extraction of volatile flavor compounds from different tobacco leaves types(flue-cured, burley, oriental). The major volatile flavor compounds of flue-cured and burley tobacco were similar such as neophytadiene, solanone, megastigmatrienone isomers, ${\beta}$-damascenone and ${\beta}$-ionone. On the other hand, volatile flavor compounds such as norambreinolide, sclareolide were specifically identified in oriental tobacco. Each method was used to evaluate the responses of some analytes from real samples and standards in order to provide sensitivity comparisons between two techniques. Among three types of SPME fibers such as PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane), PA(Polyacrylate) and PDMS/DVB (Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene) which were investigated to determine the selectivity and adsorption efficiency, PDMS/DVB fiber was selected for the extractions of the volatile flavor compounds due to its effectiveness. The qualitative analysis showed that the total amount of volatile flavor compounds in SDE method(130 species) was much more than that in SPME method(85 species). SPME method was more efficient for all the highly volatile compounds than SDE method, but on the other hand, low-volatile compounds such as fatty acids or high-molecular hydrocabons were detected in SDE method. SPME method based on a short-time sampling can be adjusted to favor a selected group compounds in tobacco. Furthermore this results could be used to estimate the aroma characteristics of cigarette blending by using a different type of tobacco with more effectiveness and convenience.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.662-683
• /
• 2024

Thai-Native×Anglo-Nubian goat meat cooked by grilling (GR), sous vide (SV), and microwave (MW), was compared to fresh meat (Raw) in terms of flavor development. Non-volatile [i.e., free amino acids, nucleotide-related compounds, taste active values (TAVs) and umami equivalency, sugars, lipid oxidation, Maillard reaction products] and volatile compounds, were investigated. Notably, inosine monophosphate and Glu/Gln were the major compounds contributing to umami taste, as indicated by the highest TAVs in all samples. Raw had higher TAVs than cooked ones, indicating that heat-cooking removes these desirable flavor and taste compounds. This could be proportionally associated with the increase in aldehyde, ketone, and nitrogen-containing volatiles in all cooked samples. GR showed the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (1.46 mg malonaldehyde/kg sample) and browning intensity (0.73), indicating the greatest lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction due to the higher temperature among all cooked samples (p<0.05). In contrast, SV and Raw exhibited similar profiles, indicating that low cooking temperatures preserved natural goat meat flavor, particularly the goaty odor. The principal component analysis biplot linked volatiles and non-volatiles dominant for each cooked sample to their unique flavor and taste. Therefore, these findings shed light on cooking method selection based on desirable flavor and preferences.

• Food Quality and Culture
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was to develop sensory lexicons that can be utilized for various types of tofu such as pressed, unpressed, and tofu made from germinated soybeans, using generic descriptive analysis. In the first phase of the experiment, trained descriptive panelists developed and defined the appearance, aroma, flavor, and texture attributes that are commonly present in tofu. Then, the sensory characteristics of seven types of tofu were analyzed using the sensory lexicons established in the initial stage of the experiment. Four appearance, 6 odor/aroma, 6 flavor/taste, 7 texture, and 4 aftertaste attributes were identified, and reference standards were established for most of the terms in order to facilitate the understanding of the attribute definitions. The intensities of the sensory attributes were measured on a 15-point scale. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance and principal component analysis, were used for the data. The seven tofu samples showed significant differences in the intensities of 22 attributes. The unpressed tofu samples were generally rated as being high in moistness, easy to cut, silky, and easy to swallow. The pressed tofu, on the other hand, was salty, astringent, beany, hard, and rough in texture. The tofu made with germinated soybeans was characterized as having a strong cooked bean flavor, salty and astringent aftertaste, and hard texture. Overall, the attributes of moistness, easy to swallow, and silkiness showed strong positive correlations; hardness and sticks to teeth were also positively correlated to each other.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.73-86
• /
• 2010

The current study was designed to optimize solid phase microextraction (SPME)-GC-MS conditions for extraction and analysis of volatile components for Hanwoo beef and to establish a tentative database of flavor components. Samples were taken from Hanwoo longissimus muscle (30 mon old steer, $1^+B$ carcass grade) at 24 h postmortem. Results indicated that the optimum adsorption time for $75{\mu}m$ CAR/PDMS fiber was 60 min at $60^{\circ}C$. Thermal cleaning at $250^{\circ}C$ for 60 min was the best practice for decontamination of the fiber. A short analysis program with a sharp oven temperature ramp resulted in a better resolution and higher number of measurable volatile components. With these conditions, 96 volatile compounds were identified with little variation including 22 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 31 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 8 nitrogen- and sulfurcontaining compounds, 5 pyrazines and 10 furans. A noticeable observation was the high number of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and 2-alkylfurans which were generated from lipid decomposition especially the oxidation and degradation of unsaturated and saturate fatty acids. This implies that these compounds can be candidates for flavor specification of highly marbled beef such as Hanwoo flavor.