• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Improvement of cold-tolerance of Italian ryegrass(Lo1ium multiflorum L.) is an important breeding objectivefor enlargement of cultivation area in Korea. To develop the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass,cold-tolerant clones survived under - 13- - 14$^{\circ}$C of minimum average air temperature in January wereselected in the area of Dun Nae, Kwangwon Province. The 5 lines of Italian ryegrass clones selected werepolycrossed for seed production. Synthetic seeds were examined on growth characters and forage productionsin Suwon from 1996 to 1998, in Unbong 1997 and in Younchun 1998, respectively. The growth charactersand forage productions of Italian ryegrass variety named as "Hwasan 101" were summarized as follow ;ltalian ryegrass variety, Hwasan 101 was tetraploid and showed semi-prostrate growth habit in autumn andwas not only dark green in leaf color and broad in flag leaf width but also excellent in leafiness. Also, itshowed low plant height at first heading date of 20th May and excellent lodging tolerance. Expecially,Hwasan 101 in all trial regions was 80 -90% of winter survivals that was higher than 60 -90% of Florida80 and Marshall varieties. Therefore we estimate that Hwasan 101 can be cultivated in regions that is higherthan -9$^{\circ}$C in minimum average air temperature and lower than 400m in sea level. In forage production ofHwasan 101, fresh weight and total digestible nutrient(TDN) yield were 66,940 and 6,551kghq and drymatter yield was 10,050kgha. In conclusion, Italian ryegrass, Hwasan 101 was medium and late maturingvariety but excellent in cold-tolerance, lodging-tolerance, leafiness, and forage production.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety)ian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 1978

Partial dominance was exhibited by flowering(heading), panicle length, panicle numbers, $F_1$ag leaf length, 1000 kernel weight in $F_1$ and $F_2$ hybrids by 7 \times 7 and 5 \times 5 diallel crosses. Over dominance was exhibited by culm length, flag leaf width, appearance degree of panicle in $F_1$ generation of the crosses, and also over dominance was exhibited by kernel weight in $F_2$ generation of the crosses.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 1975

This study was carried out to determine the effect of water control on Rice plan in warmer season(July~August). The results are summarized as follows; 1. Compared to ordinary watering methods, a constant irrigation method indicated a decrease in water temperature of $1.5^{\circ}C$. 2. In the plot of constant irrigation, there was an increase in the root system in general and an increase of root distribution near the surface in particular. The near surface root distribution under ordinary watering method shows about forty percent distribution. The constant irrigation method shows a near-surface root distribution of sixty-percent within a perimeter of five centimeters. 3. Under the contants irrigation method, there was an increase in length and area of the flag leaf. 4. The total nitrogen and silica content of leaf-bodies at maturing stage was greater when using the constant irrigation method. 5. There was an increase in the number of panicles and the number of spikelets when using the constant irrigation method. 6. The yield was remarkably increased with constant irrigation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2001

"Hwasan 103" is a new cold-tolerant Italian ryegrass(Lo1ium multiflorum L.) variety developed by theNational Livestock Research Institute(NLR1) in 1999. To develop a cold-tolerant variety of Italianryegrass(Lo1ium multiflorum L.), cold-tolerant clones survived under - 13 - - 14$^{\circ}$C of minimum average airtemperature(MAAT) in January were selected at Hwachun, Kwangwon Province in 1995. Five clones ofselected clones were polycrossed for seed production by NLRI, RDA in 1996."Hwasan 103" was diploid variety, green in leaf color and broad in flag leaf width. Also it hassemi-prostrate and medium growth habit in late autumn and in early spring, respectively. "Hwasan 103" wasexcellent in lodging tolerance at harvesting time. First heading date of "Hwasan 103" was 14th May, it wassimilar to that of Marshall. Expecially, "Hwasan 103" survived about 50-70% under - 10- - 12'C ofMAAT in January, so it could be cold-tolerant variety that can be safely cultivated in regions higher than -9$^{\circ}$C of MAAT in January. Compared with Marshall "Hwasan 103" showed 3% higher fresh yield (57.8MTper ha) and it showed 2% higher dry matter yield (11.OMT per ha). Higher IVDMD and TDN and lowerADF and NDF were observed in "Hwasan 103" than those of Florida 80 and Marshall in Forage quality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 103")all in Forage quality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 103")n 103&")ot;)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2001

"Hwasan 102" is a new cold-tolerant Italian ryegrass(Lo1ium rnultiflorum L.) variety developed by theNational Livestock Research Institute(NLRI) in 1999. Having cold tolerance in Italian ryegrass is an importantfor enlargement of cultivation area and increase of productivity in Korea. To develop the cold-tolerant varietyof Italian ryegrass, cold-tolerant clones survived under - 13- - 14$^{\circ}$C of minimum average air temperature(MAAT) in January were selected at Dun Nae, Kwangwon Province in 1993. Five of selected clones werepolycrossed for seed production by NLRI, RDA, in 1995."Hwasan 102" was tetraploid variety, dark green in leaf color and broad in flag leaf width. Also it hassemi-prostrate and medium growth habit in late autumn and in early spring, respectively. "Hwasan 102" withlow plant height at harvesting time was excellent in lodging tolerance. First heading date of "Hwasan 102"was 19th May, it was similar to that of Marshall. Expecially, "Hwasan 102" survived about 60% under - 10- - 12$^{\circ}$C of MAAT in January, so it could be cold-tolerant variety that can be safely cultivated in regionshigher than -9'C of MAAT in January. Compared with Marshall, "Hwasan 102" showed 8% higher freshyield (59.2MT per ha) but it showed 2% lower dry matter yield (9.6MT per ha). Higher IVDMD and TDNand lower ADF and NDF were observed in "Hwasan 102" than those of Florida 80 and Marshall in Foragequality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 102")rshall in Foragequality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 102")san 102&")ot;)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 1985

In order to observe the differences of several characters related to earliness, seven barley varieties were tested under two different photoperiodic conditions. Final leaf number per main stem under long day did not vary among varieties, but ranged 6 to 7 in early group and 9 to 10 in late group under shortday. Shoot apex of early varieties, Jogangbori and Oweolbori reached to X stage at 24 days, but that of late variety, CI 15446 did to X stag at 32 days after transplanting under short day. Spike length reached to maximum length at 39 days in early group, but at 51 days in late group. Saeolbori, CI 15446 and Hangmi were photo-sensitive, but Jogangbori and Oweolbori were photo-insensitive. Therefore, the photoperiodic response to short day was most responsible to heading time. Those results showed that early heading varieties had the characteristics with less variation of final leaves, less retardation of shoot apex development and spike elongation, and shorter period to flag leaf emergence under short day.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 1984

This study was conducted to establish fundamental of rice cultivation system in the southern warm region of Korea by investigation of variation of yield component factor and yield under the different transplanting dates which was at interval of 15 days, from May 20 to July 5. In the variation of leaf age, the leaf of July 5 transplanting was less 1.1 leaves than that of May 20 transplanting in Seokwang. However in Dongjin, the leaf of May 20 transplanting was more 1.7 leaves than that of July 5. According to transplanting date delay, the shorten ratio of flag leaf was showed an increasing tendency. Period from transplanting to heading under the different transplanting in Seokwang, required about 75 days in May 20 transplanting and 68 days in June 5, 67 days in June 20, but 71 days in July 5, it was a cause of decrease in grain yield, because of increase in the period from transplanting to heading date. The maximum yield under the different transplanting gathered on May 20 transplanting in Seokwang variety, and on June 20 transplanting in Dongjin variety, and then, on the accumulated temperature 1017$\pm$24$^{\circ}C$ in Seokwang, 952$\pm$15$^{\circ}C$ in Dongjin, from 10 days before heading to 30 days after heading, it was appeared the high yield. It was showed linearly negative correlation between the No. of panicles per unit area and transplanting date (Seokwang; r=-0.6768$^{**}$, Dongjin: r=-0.5182$^{**}$). There were more differentiation of spikelets per panicle in the late transplanting in Seokwang, however in Dongjin, it was decreased in differentiation of spikelets per panicle in the early and the late transplanting.ing.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 1981

This study was conducted to find out the effect of wollastonite application in degraded saline soil condition on the growth of japonica rice variety. The variety, Palgweng was tested with 4 levels of wollastonite (200, 400, 600 and 400/200 kg/l0a) and two nitrogen levels (12 and 16 kg/l0a). The effect of wollastonite was higher in 16 than 12 kg of nitrogen application. The wollastonite application reduced rice leaf blast and dead left at lower nodal position, and increased percentage of effective tillers, percentage of ripened grains and 1, 000 grain weight. The SiO$_2$ content of upper leaf was higher than lower leaf in 200 kg of wollastonite application, but there was no difference under high wollastonite application (400 kg/l0a). Highly significant positive correlationships were obtained between SiO_2 content of plant at heading and percentage of ripened grains, (r=0.613) and SiO_2 content of flag leaf and percentage of ripened grains (r=0.407). Wollastonite application did not affect the development and degeneration of primary and secondary rachis branches of panicles, but it increased the number of spikelets. The highest grain yield was obtained with 16 kg of nitrogen and 600 kg of wollastonite.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.250-253
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• 1998

Somaclonal variation was observed in the field on doubled haploid plants derived from single pollen of a rice cultivar "Hwaseongbyeo". The variations of seven quantitative traits including plant height and one qualitative trait (pubescence) in 436 lines ($R_2$ generation) were analyzed. The number of lines which fell beyond the boundaries of the 95% confidence intervals of the check variety, Hwaseongbyeo was checked for each quantitative trait, and of those fertility showed the highest variation frequency (85.6%), followed by plant height (77.5%), flag leaf length (66.5%), grains per panicle (42.2%), days to heading (34.5%), panicle length (30.7%) and panicles per hill (22.7%). And the variations of quantitative traits except days to flowering appeared to move in the negative direction compared to "Hwaseongbyeo". Variability within lines was also observed for quantitative and qualitative traits. Twenty-nine $R_2$ lines (7%) segregated for pubescence and 130 $R_2$ lines (30%) showed variation with regard to fertility. This suggests that mutations usually occur before diploidization. Twenty-nine $R_2$ lines representing a wide spectrum of variation were chosen for RAPD analysis. The number of lines showing DNA polymorphism compared to Hwaseongbyeo ranged 0 from to 10 according to the primer used and this seems to indicate that specific loci have highly mutable genomic site.utable genomic site.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.233-236
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• 2006

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is the most often used intravenous protein in many human therapies. However, HSA is currently extracted only from plasma because commercially feasible recombinant expression systems are not available. This study attempted to develop an efficient system for recombinant HSA production by chloroplast transformation of tobacco. A HSA cDNA was isolated from a cDNA library constructed with human liver tissue. Chloroplast transformation vectors were constructed by introducing various regulatory elements to HSA regulatory sequences. Vectors were delivered by particle bombardment into leaf explants and chloroplast-transformed plants were subsequently regenerated into whole plants. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the HSA cDNA was incorporated between rps12 and orf70B of the chloroplast genome as designed. Western blot analysis revealed that hyper-expression and increasing the stability of HSA were achieved by modification of the regulatory sequences using the psbA5'UTRs in combination with elements of the 14 N-terminal amino acids of the GFP and the FLAG tag. However, only plants transformed with the vector containing all of these elements were able to accumulate HSA.