• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.506-514
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• 2019

Unlike natural ecosystems, the urban ecosystem proVides an interdependent enVironment in which wild organisms and urban people co-exist. Hornets (genus Vespa) appearing in urban green and parks haVe a positiVe effect on urban ecosystems, but they also cause ecosystem disserVices that cause physical and psychological discomforts to the urban people. Children's parks, for example, are Very popular among children and residents for easy accessibility, and hornets also use them as bases and habitats. HoweVer, there is still a lack of spatial analysis of habitats and appearance characteristics of hornets in children's parks. This study installed hornet traps in 27 children's parks in Cheonan from April to NoVember 2018 in consideration of the life cycle of hornets. We captured a total of fiVe Vespa species (Vespa crabro, V. analis, V. mandarinia, V. ducalis, and V. Velutina) for 32 weeks and analyzed the emergence of hornets in relation to the composition of seasonal characteristics, species characteristics, and enVironmental spatial information. We captured a total of 818 hornets during the study period. They included 290 V. analis (35.4%), 260 V. crabro (31.8%), 100 V. ducalis (12.1%), 87 V. mandaninia (10.6%), and 81 V. Velutina(9.9%). Most of the hornets showed a common feature that queen hornets were largely captured in May through June after they awake from hibernation, and the number of caught hornets decreased sharply beginning in mid-June, which was the cooperatiVe period. HoweVer, V. Velutina showed a seasonal specificity that more than 80% were captured beginning in the third week of October when other hornet species had already entered a decline phase. The analysis of the number of hornets caught in each spot in children's parks showed significant difference among the spots as 363 hornets (44.3%) were captured in top children's parks, and 35 hornets (4%) were captured in bottom children's parks. In particular, the mean NDVI (Normalized difference Vegetation index) of the top six children's parks was 0.79, and that of the bottom six children's parks was 0.38 (t=2.67*, *=p<0.05), indicating a significant difference. The frequency of capturing hornets was high when the ground around the children's parks was grass or bare land. This study is meaningful as a reference study that confirms the ecological characteristics of hornets appearing in green and parks in the city. We expect it to be a foundation for effectiVe urban green area management in the future.

• Global Cultural Contents
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• no.34
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• pp.67-91
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• 2018

This article analyzed how contemporary urbanism is revealed in the digital game (2016) with the contemporary city as a setting. The city in the game is a precisely directed space, so the experience of the user in the space has a special meaning. It's because the urbanism implied in player's game experience. Urbanism is properties of the city constructed between citizen's everyday life and space. Of course, it as the self of the city is influenced by cultural tradition and modern infrastructure. Therefore, contemporary cities inherit the modernity that is standard and norm, and at the same time, it can be unique space caused by network system installed around the city. In this context, contemporary citizenry accepts the urbanism as matter of course but try to surpass the modern limits and imprisonment of the network. This challenge reveals as resistance, creativity, and amusement in the relation in contemporary urbanism. Hacking and parkour are the representative examples of resistance, creativity and amusement acts of the citizen in the virtual and non-virtual environment. A protagonist in the game is a hacker and also traceur who resist modern network power. The playable character does the hacking and parkour striding the city. And these acts melt into the worldview, interface, and visualization to represent contemporary urbanism. In this regard, hacking and parkour performed by the player character are interfaced in different ways, giving the user a creative urban experience of the city in the game. In addition, the game's high-angle view of the hacked CCTV and the low-angle view of the small device show contemporary people's play on the city. This way, city people represented in are not different from contemporary fläneur who actively practice. Consequently, the city as the space in the game contents are not just settings, but one of the important axes that implies the message of the contents.