• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.499-503
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• 2015

Objective : The transradial catheterization (TRC) is becoming widespread, primarily for neurointerventions. Therefore, the evaluation of radial artery puncture in clinical practice and a better understanding of the anatomy are important to improve the safety of neuroendovascular surgery. Methods : Ten formalin-fixed adult Korean cadavers were dissected to expose radial artery (RA), brachial artery (BrA) and subclvian artery (ScA), bilaterally. Vessel lengths and diameters were meaured using a caliper and distance between the specific point of vessels and the anatomical landmarks including the radial styloid process, the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the sternoclavicular joint, and the vertebral artery orifice were also measured. Results : The average length between the radial (RAPS) and the BrA puncture sites (BrAPS) and between the vertebral artery orifice (VAO) and the BrA bifurcation (BrAB) did not differ between sides (p>0.05). The average length between the radial styloid process (RSP) and the RAPS was $13.41{\pm}2.19mm$, and the RSP was $26.85{\pm}2.47mm$ from the median nerve (MN). The mean length between the medial epicondyle (ME) and the BrAPS as $44.23{\pm}5.47mm$, whereas the distance between the ME and the MN was $42.23{\pm}4.77mm$. The average VAO-ScA angle was $70.94{\pm}6.12^{\circ}$, and the length between the ScA junction (SCJ) and the VAO was $60.30{\pm}8.48mm$. Conclusion : This study provides basic anatomical information about the radial artery and the brachial route and can help improving new techniques, selection of size and shape of catheters for TRC. This can help neurointerventionists who adopt a transradial neuroendovascular approach and offers comprehensive and safe care to their patients.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.398-411
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• 2016

SVM, a machine learning method, is widely used in image processing for it's excellent generalization performance. However, to add other data to the pre-trained data of the system, we need to train the entire system again. This procedure takes a lot of time, especially in embedded environment, and results in low performance of SVM. In this paper, we implemented an SVM trainer and classifier in an FPGA to solve this problem. We parlallelized the repeated operations inside SVM and modified the exponential operations of the kernel function to perform fixed point modelling. We implemented the proposed hardware on Xilinx ZC 706 evaluation board and used TSR algorithm to verify the FPGA result. It takes about 5 seconds for the proposed hardware to train 2,000 data samples and 16.54ms for classification for $1360{\times}800$ resolution in 100MHz frequency, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.685-688
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• 2008

Concrete is strong on the compressive property, but weak on the tensile and flexural properties. To improve these problems, the reinforcing bar is used in concrete. But porous concrete with steel fiber has a weak point when exposed to air, because porous concrete has the vast continuous void on its inside and steel fiber is easily rusted by air. For these reasons, this study investigated the void ratio, compressive strength, bending strength and bending toughness as steel fiber mixing ratio and target void ratio. From test results, actual void ratio and strength properties increased as the mixing ratio of steel fiber increase. In case the mixing ratio of steel fiber over the fixed ratio, strength is decreased. And from the toughness evaluation, compared to the porous concrete which isn't mixed with steel fiber, the deflection variation efficiency is remarkably improved. Consequently we can confirm the possibility of porous concrete with steel fiber for the secondary product and pavement material to improve strength and bending resistance efficiency.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.1 s.104
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

This paper presents an efficient face recognition method using both first moment of image and basis images. First moment which is a method for finding centroid of image, is applied to exclude the needless backgrounds in the face recognitions by shifting to the centroid of face image. Basis images which are the face features, are respectively extracted by principal component analysis(PCA) and fixed-point independent component analysis(FP-ICA). This is to improve the recognition performance by excluding the redundancy considering to second- and higher-order statistics of face image. The proposed methods has been applied to the problem for recognizing the 48 face images(12 persons*4 scenes) of 64*64 pixels. The 3 distances such as city-block, Euclidean, negative angle are used as measures when match the probe images to the nearest gallery images. The experimental results show that the proposed methods has a superior recognition performances(speed, rate) than conventional PCA and FP-ICA without preprocessing, the proposed FP-ICA has also better performance than the proposed PCA. The city-block has been relatively achieved more an accurate similarity than Euclidean or negative angle.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.50-58
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• 2013

In this paper, parallel decimal fixed-point multiplier which uses the limited range of Singed-Digit number encoding and the reduction step is proposed. The partial products are generated without carry propagation delay by encoding a multiplicand and a multiplier to the limited range of SD number. With the limited range of SD number, the proposed multiplier can improve the partial product reduction step by increasing the number of possible operands for multi-operand SD addition. In order to estimate the proposed parallel decimal multiplier, synthesis is implemented using Design Compiler with SMIC 180nm CMOS technology library. Synthesis results show that the delay of proposed parallel decimal multiplier is reduced by 4.3% and the area by 5.3%, compared to the existing SD parallel decimal multiplier. Despite of the slightly increased delay and area of partial product generation step, the total delay and area are reduced since the partial product reduction step takes the most proportion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.192-194
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• 2002

We present the results on the calibration of iso-center positions using the quality assurance system established at PMRC for determination of center position in X-ray and proton irradiation fields. Details on the system are presented in another presentation in this session. The equipment in the system is mounted on a patient treatment bed in each proton exposure room, G1 or G2. A center of a stainless ball on the equipment is set at a cross of laser markers located around the iso-center and fixed on the room and on the snout in the gantry. A proton beam or an X-ray beam is exposed onto the ball through a brass collimator of 100 mm ${\times}$ 100 mm and projected onto the imaging plate set at I cm behind the ball. On the axis perpendicular to the thrust axis of the gantry on the imaging plate, a distance between a center of the collimator image and a center of the ball image varies as a cosine function of gantry angles unless the ball is set on the iso-center. An amplitude of the cosine curve shows the distance between the ball and the iso-center, an offset the offset of the collimator, and a phase shift at a zero crossing point the ball direction viewed from the iso-center. We present the relation among the iso-center position, the laser maker position, and the center of proton and X-ray irradiation fields. Its stability and its reproducibility are discussed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 2011

Purpose: Nerve injury is one of the complication which can develop after brow lift. Peripheral nerve ending which is stretched from supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve can be injured and symptoms such as pain, dysesthesia may appear. Usually, developed pain disappeared spontaneously and does not go on chronic way. We experienced a case that a patient complained chronic pain after brow lift which was not controlled by conservative management such as medications, local nerve block and report a successful surgical treatment of chronic pain after brow lift. Methods: A 24-year-old male who received brow lift with hairline incision at local hospital was admitted for chronic pain at the right forehead. The pain was continued for 3 months even though fixed thread was removed. Local nerve block at trigger point with mixed 1 mL 2% lidocaine and 1 mL Triamcinolone acetonide was done and oral medications, Gabapentine and carbamazepine, were also applied but there was no difference in the degree of pain. Therefore the operation was performed so that careful dissection was carried out at right supraorbital neurovascular bundle and adhered supraorbital nerve was released from surrounding tissues and covered with silastic sheet to prevent adhesion. Results: The pain was gradually relieved for a week. The patient was discharged without complications. No evidence of recurrence has been observed for 2 years. Conclusion: The pain developed after brow lift was engaged with nerve injury and sometimes remains chronically. Many kinds of conservative management to treat this complication such as medications, local nerve block have been reported and usually been used. But there are some chronic cases that conservative treatment do not work. In sum, we report 1 case of successful surgical treatment for relief of intractable pain developed after brow lift surgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7125-7128
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• 2014

Background: Acquired genetic alterations and presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and other signaling molecules have been found in different subsets of primary lung adenocarcinoma. The commonest EGFR mutations are small in frame deletions of exon 19 and a point mutation (L858R) in exon 21, having a combined occurrence of around 90%. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and types of EGFR mutations in primary lung adenocarcinomas in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: EGFR mutations in tumor samples were screened by multiplex real time PCR. Briefly, DNA from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was amplified with primers and probes specific to 43 different EGFR mutations in a Cobas z 480 instrument. The assay detects mutations in four exons (18-21) of the EGFR gene. Results: Out of 94 patients, 65 were males and 29 females with a M:F ratio of 2.2: 1. The median age was 62 years (range, 28 - 85 years). In our biopsy samples 70 (74%) cases were of primary lung adenocarcinoma, whereas 24 (26%) were confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of primary lung origin. EGFR mutation was positive in 29% of the patients. The highest frequency of L858R was observed in 48% of these, followed by deletion in exon 19 (44%). In addition, other rare mutations such as compound G718X:S768I and insertions in exon 20 insertion were detected in approximately 4% of the patients. Conclusions: This study showed that Del 19 and L858R are the most frequent mutations in Pakistani lung adenocarcinoma patients and around 29% of the patients were found eligible for erlotinib therapy.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2003

IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN standard specifies the air interface of fixed point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access systems providing multiple service. Among the service classes supported by the wireless MAN, the BE class is ranked on the lowest position in priority and is usually deployed by multicast and broadcast polling MAC scheme. In provisioning such BE service, the delay performance is influenced by a number of components including restrictions on resource request per SS, the number of request opportunities in upward frame, scheduling requests at BS, and contention resolution method. As candidate components of MAC function for BE service, we propose single and multiple request schemes (for controling the number of requests per SS), exhaustive and limited request schemes (for regulating the amount of grant per request) and FCFS, H-SMF, pure SMF, SS-wise Round Robin, and pure Round Robin (for scheduling requests at BS). Then, we construct MAC schemes by combining the above components and evaluate the delay performance exhibited by each MAC scheme using a simulation method. From numerical results, we investigate the effect of MAC components on average delay and delay variation and observe the dissonance on collision reduction in a resource - limited environment.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 1999

In order to establish fundamental data for the betterment of Polyester microfiber fabric handle, a study by using fixed warp of ITY yarn samples with P/F, DTY, and ITY weft yarns was performed. For this purpose the samples of total 27 kinds were prepared. That is, each sample yarn was twisted in three ways and for each twisted yarn the fabric structures were modified in three ways, plain, twill, and satin. The examination was done by focusing on the point of the change of handles and the characteristics of the mechanical properties of the samples with the change of yarn and the fabric structure. The handles and the mechanical properties were examined with the KES-F system suggested by Kawabata. The results were as follows : 1. WT and MIU increased with increasing the twist. By comparing WT and MIU by yarn, DTY was higher than P/F. It appeared that twill and satin were higher than plain. 2. The bending rigidity change in DTY with increasing the twist was not significant, however in P/F it appeared apparently decreased with increasing the tlvist. Also, it appeared that when using P/F as weft the bending rigidity was higher than when using DTY and the twill structure appeared higher than the satin structure. 3. In shear force the increasing rates of plain and the twill were higher than satin. When DTY and P/F were used as weft, the shear force was higher in ITY and DTY than in P/F case. 4. Koshi appeared higher in the order of plain, twill and satin. When DTY and P/F were used as the weft Koshi increased with increasing the twist in plain, however in twill and satin it appeared to decrease. In hand value ITY(=7.5) appea.ed to be highe. than DTY and P/F(=6.5). 5. In all cases Shinayakasa decreased with increasing the twist. The hand values observed that satin was =4, twill was =3, and plain was =1.5. 6. Fukurami showed no significant change with increasing the twist in DTY, however in P/F and ITY it decreased.