• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.20-25
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• 2001

In recent years, the concern about a user center design in increasing, and it's needed to task a user's visual cognitive characteristics for information presentation. Then this study aims to grasp user's cognitive characteristics about the information presentation by analyzing the fixation points. In the experiment, actually subject operated a copy machine. Recorded the fixation point movement of the operation panel by the eye mark recorder. Analysis examined the screen interface of the operation panel from the field of a fixation point trace. The top down type fixation oder by experience or the context became clear as a result. Furthermore, the difference of the fixation order by skill level was also examined. In this study, it was assumed that to grasp the visual cognitive characteristics becomes the key of efficient information.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.171-177
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• 2022

Background: The treatment of zygoma complex fractures is of crucial importance in the field of plastic surgery. However, surgical methods to correct zygoma complex fractures, including the number of fixation sites, differ among operators. Although several studies have compared two-point and three-point fixation, no comparative research has yet been conducted on one-point versus two-point fixation using computed tomography scans of surgical results. Therefore, the present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by comparing surgical results between one-point and two-point fixation procedures. Methods: In this study, we randomly selected patients to undergo surgery using one of two surgical methods. We analyzed patients with unilateral zygoma complex fractures unaccompanied by other fractures according to whether they underwent one-point fixation of the zygomaticomaxillary buttress or two-point fixation of the zygomaticomaxillary buttress and the zygomaticofrontal suture. We then made measurements at three points-the zygomaticofrontal suture, inferior orbital wall, and malar height-using 3-month postoperative computed tomography images and performed statistical analyses to compare the results of the two methods. Results: All three measurements (zygomaticofrontal suture, inferior orbital wall, and malar height) showed significant differences (p< 0.05) between one-point and two-point fixation. Highly significant differences were found for the zygomaticofrontal suture and malar height parameters. The difference in the inferior wall measurements was less meaningful, even though it also reached statistical significance. Conclusion: Using three parameters in a statistical analysis of imaging findings, this study demonstrated significant differences in treatment outcomes according to the number of fixations. The results indicate that bone alignment and continuity can be achieved to a greater extent by two-point fixation instead of one-point fixation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atlantoaxial stabilization using a new entry point for C2 pedicle screw fixation. Methods : Data were collected from 44 patients undergoing posterior C1 lateral mass screw and C2 screw fixation. The 20 cases were approached by the Harms entry point, 21 by the inferolateral point, and three by pars screw. The new inferolateral entry point of the C2 pedicle was located about 3-5 mm medial to the lateral border of the C2 lateral mass and 5-7 mm superior to the inferior border of the C2-3 facet joint. The screw was inserted at an angle $30^{\circ}$ to $45^{\circ}$ toward the midline in the transverse plane and $40^{\circ}$ to $50^{\circ}$ cephalad in the sagittal plane. Patients received followed-up with clinical examinations, radiographs and/or CT scans. Results : There were 28 males and 16 females. No neurological deterioration or vertebral artery injuries were observed. Five cases showed malpositioned screws (2.84%), with four of the screws showing cortical breaches of the transverse foramen. There were no clinical consequences for these five patients. One screw in the C1 lateral mass had a medial cortical breach. None of the screws were malpositioned in patients treated using the new entry point. There was a significant relationship between two group (p=0.036). Conclusion : Posterior C1-2 screw fixation can be performed safely using the new inferolateral entry point for C2 pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of high cervical lesions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.1000-1003
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• 2014

The primary purpose of this study is to observe the dynamic behavior within a vehicle on chassis dynamometer throughout cleat impact testing with two different constraining setups (Tie-down strap and one point fixation). Throughout this empirical experiment, no outstanding dynamic behavior characteristics are observed between two setups and thus, the performance of the one point fixation device is validated. Neither the interior noise nor acceleration at driver seat rail and knuckle is heavily influenced by two different constraining methods. However, one point fixation is far more advantageous considering its shorter set up time and its capability of measuring traction force with its built in force sensor.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2019

Background: Resorbable devices have recently been adopted in the field of orthognathic surgery with controversies about their postoperative skeletal stability. Hence, we determined the long-term skeletal stability of unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-ʟ-lactic acid (HA/PLLA) mesh for osteofixation of mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and compared it with that of titanium miniplate. Methods: Patients were divided into resorbable mesh and titanium miniplate fixation groups. A comparative study of the change in the mandibular position was performed with preoperative, 1-day, 6-month, and 2-year postoperative lateral cephalograms. Results: At postoperative 6 months-compared with postoperative 1 day, point B (supra-mentale) was significantly displaced anteriorly in the titanium-fixation group. Moreover, at postoperative 2 years-compared with postoperative 6 months, point B was significantly displaced inferiorly in the titanium-fixation. However, the HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group did not show any significant change with respect to point B postoperatively. Conclusions: The HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group demonstrated superior long-term skeletal stability with respect to the position of mandible, when compared with the titanium-fixation group.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.10.1-10.6
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• 2020

Plant specimens for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are commonly treated using standard protocols. Conventional fixatives consist of toxic chemicals such as glutaraldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and osmium tetroxide. In 1996, methanol fixation was reported as a rapid alternative to the standard protocols. If specimens are immersed in methanol for 30 s or longer and critical-point dried, they appear to be comparable in preservation quality to those treated with the chemical fixatives. A modified version that consists of methanol fixation and ethanol dehydration was effective at preserving the tissue morphology and dimensions. These solvent-based fixation and dehydration protocols are regarded as rapid and simple alternatives to standard protocols for SEM of plants.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 1995

The rates of fixation of CCA-Type B and CCFZ in blocks of radiata pine sapwood were compared at various temperatures and conditioning methods (drying and nondrying conditioning). Also the time required to proper fixation of preservative components in the treated wood was estimated. Fixation was monitored by the rates of depletion of free hexavalent chromium in the cell lumens in the teated blocks. The rate of preservative fixation in wood was highly temperature dependent. The fixation rate was considerably accelerated by means of heating and complete fixation of hexavalent chromium was achieved within about 12 hours by heating at $60^{\circ}C$. The moisture content of treated wood during fixation apparently played an important role in the fixation process. The fixation rate of treated wood conditioned in nondrying conditions was much more faster than that of treated wood conditioned in drying conditions. particularly when the moisture content of treated wood was below fiber saturation point. Time required to full fixation could be predicted successfully using the fixation temperatures applied since the correlation between the fixation temperature and the fixation time was excellent. regardless of conditioning methods.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.493-499
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• 2014

Background Maintaining stability and restoring the aesthetic appearance are the fundamental goals when managing zygomatic fractures. We aimed to evaluate the stability and anthropometric outcomes of zygomatic fracture patients who underwent two-point fixation involving the infraorbital rim and zygomaticomaxillary buttress via the transconjunctival and gingivobuccal approaches without any skin incisions. Methods We examined 15 zygomatic fracture patients who underwent two-point fixation during a 3-year period. Stability was evaluated using three-dimensional facial bone computed tomography. Superoinferior and anteroposterior displacement of the zygoma was quantified. The aesthetic appearance of the periorbital region was evaluated using indirect anthropometry with standardized clinical photographs. The ratios between the eye fissure height and width, and lower iris coverage ratio were used to evaluate aesthetical changes. The bony displacement and aesthetic ratios were analyzed using Wilcoxon or Friedman tests. The correlation between the preoperative zygoma position and anthropometric values was analyzed. Results The positions of the zygoma were similar to those on the contralateral side at the long-term follow-up. The preoperative anthropometric measurements on the fractured side differed from those on the contralateral side, although these values were close to the normal values at the long-term follow-up. Furthermore, we noted that the anteroposterior displacement strongly positively correlated with the lower iris coverage rate (Spearman's coefficient=0.678, P=0.005). Conclusions Two-point fixation of zygomatic fractures achieved stable outcomes on long-term follow-up, and also appeared to be reliable in restoring the aesthetic appearance of the periorbital region.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.96-98
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• 2015

Maxillomandibular fractures usually require intermaxillary fixation as a means to immobilize and stabilize the fracture and to re-establish proper occlusion. Arch bars or intermaxillary fixation screws cannot be used for edentulous patients or for patients who have poor dental health. Here, we present a case of repeated intermaxillary fixation failure in a patient weak alveolar rigidity secondary to multiple dental implants. Because single-point fixation screws were not strong enough to maintain proper occlusion, we have used Y-shaped plates to provide more rigid anchoring points for the intermaxillary wires. We suggest that this method should be considered for patients in whom conventional fixation methods are inappropriate or have failed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-120
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• 1991

The Subject of this research work is to study the driver's vision and eye-movement ch-aracteristics under the diffrent condiction of road traffic and driving. The analysis of this investigation was conducted spatially or temporaly into three parts'eye-mark distribution, viewing-time percentage and fixation duration. This dissertation focuses on analysis of dr-iver's visual characteristics to improve road circumstamces. In this study driver's ch-aracteristics are measured with eye-mark recorder and analyzed statistically The main features of this study are : 1st Duration distribution of fixation point is significant in 87% at 5% of the significant level in Gamma Distribution. The average of fixation duration by road are 0.33sec on streets 0.45sec on Roads and 0.86sec on highways. The average of fixation duration by visual objects are 0.4sec on road surface 0.26sec on road shoulder 0.49sec on traffic sign 0.37sec on warning sign and 0.67sex on gwide sign. 2st Moving anglrs of a fixation point are fit in the Exponential Distribution. The average moving angle is appeared to be 3.85。 on streets 2.81。 on roads 2.73。 on highway and 5 。 on intersecyion. 3st As a result of examining alignment of guide and warning sign in traffic signs cxisting foundation methods are less affected by lane than by apeed of a vehicle.