• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Dreams are experiences of life that is recognized to have taken place in .the mind while asleep. The phenomenon of dreams is occured by external stimuli such as somatic factor and emotion-arousing pre-sleep stimuli. The contents of dreams reflect the dreamer's unique psychic situation, we can view them from category of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements(陰陽五行). Also dreams are characterized by an objectivity that provides whatever in necessary for psychic balance, regardless of the ego's wishes. Hence dreams are objective sources of psychotherapy. The doctor must not treat patient by the doctor's subject mind. The Orient has taken the idea that human beings have the divine center in the heart, so dreams in the psychotherapy of the oriental medicine are more valuable as representation of inner world. The images of dream are classified as the deficiency and excessiveness of Yin-Ki and Yang-Ki of the internal organs, an property and source of stimulus. Dream applies to diagnose the disease of internal organs and to decide to the method of medical treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2010

The narration of "Donguibogam" is focused on humans whilst medical books before it focused on diseases. This is shown from the first subtitle of External Body(身形門) chapter, [The Origin of Hyung-Ki(形氣之始)]. The contents of [The Origin of Hyung-Ki] explains that the human body is composed of 'Hyung(形)' and 'Ki(氣)' This perspective is shown throughout "Donguibogam". First, in the aspect of construction, the viewpoint is shown from the JipRye(集例). It divides the body into inside and outside, which is a result of Hyung-Ki perspective. This continues in the table of contents. Naegyeongpyeon(內景) and Oehyeongpyeon(外形) describes the inside and outside of the body, in other words 'Hyung-Ki'. Japbyeongpyeon(雜病) describes complex illnesses with mixed insides and outsides. Tangaekpyeon(湯液) and Chimgupyeon(鍼灸) can be understood as division of treatment methods into inside and outside. When we look at the contents, the human body is created on the basis of the essence and vital energy of the world. Cheon-Ki becomes the 'Ki' that forms the functions of the body, while Ji-Ki becomes the 'Hyung' that constructs the bodily structure. It is considered that 'Hyung' is composed of SaDae(the body essence, vital energy, mentality and blood), and 'Ki' is composed of OSang(the five Jang organs and six Bu organs). 'Hyung' and 'Ki' show various appearances according to physiology and pathology. 'Hyung' is especially shown by obesity or thinness, 'Ki' by color. The obese may have Ki deficiency, coldness, dampness or phlegm. The thin could have blood deficiency, heat, fire or dryness. The color could show the pathology of the five Jang organs by the five colors, but it can simply be divided into black and white, where black means Eum deficiency, and white means Yang deficiency. It is said that the distinctive feature of traditional Korean medicine is that it is a constitutional medicine. In this perspective, further study on 'Hyung-Ki' is of value. If "Donguibogam" was the foundation of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine(四象醫學), study on 'Hyung-Ki' means searching for the origin of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Also, the study on Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Hyungsang medicine(形象醫學) will show the modern image of "Donguibogam". Hence, interchange study between "Donguibogam", Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Hyungsang medicine through the term 'Hyung-Ki' could hopefully lead to academic progression.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.617-623
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• 2003

The following conclusions are drawn from a review on the theory of correlation between the jang-bu organs in 'Ojangchunchaklon(五臟穿鑿論)' which is quoted in 'Uihakipmoon(醫學入門)' and 'Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)'. The three yangs and three yins are trisections each of yang ki and y1n ki. They represent three aspects of change in powers of yin ki and yang ki. The theory of Kaehapchu(開闔樞 the opening, closing and pivot) is thought to be the concept which explains the three states of jang-bu organs and meridians in terms of three yangs and three yins. The three yangs and three yins are assigned to twelve months according to the generation, prosperity and vanishment of the water, the fire, the wood and the metal in the circulation of nature with the lapse of time. Most of all, the change of the water and the fire is the main guide to the assignment. Both the theory of exterior-interior relations in jang-bu organs and meridians and the theory of Kaehapchu are founded on the assignment of three yangs and three yins to twelve months. The correlation between jang-bu organs is based on the monthly assignment of three yangs and three yins described in 'Internal classic(內經)' and the theory of Kaehapchu. In the correlations between jang-bu organs and meridians, the exterior-interior relations are the correspondences of Hand to Hand and Foot to Foot. but the relations of Kaehapchu are those of Hand to Foot and Foot to Hand. Jeesan's diagram of pulse is grounded on the correlations between jang-bu organs. On the left of the diagram, jang organs are arranged in the order of hierarchic positions in body. On the right, bu organs are disposed according to the correlations with the jang organs. Jeesan's diagram includes the principles of triple harmony and diagonal groups in twelve earthly branches(十二支). Jeesan's diagram is the frame through which correlations of jung-ki-shin-hyul, five jang and six bu organs, twelve meridians and six intrinsic factors can be observed at once.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 2014

Subject : The Association between Extraordinary Organs(奇恒之腑) and Eight Extra Meridians(奇經 八脈). Objectives : This study research some special aspects of Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians which differentiated from ordinary Organs and Meridians, and the association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Methods : First, researched classification standard and physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs through studying various chapters of HuangdiNeijing. Second, researched The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians through studying on the origin of Eight Extra Meridians in HuangdiNeijing. Third, from accompanying researching the subject of Cheon-gye(天癸) and human body shape, draw synthetic hypothesis on the relationship among ordinary Meridians and Organs, muscles and skins of body shape, Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Results & Conclusions : The following conclusions could be drawn. 1. Extraordinary Organs afford background for shaping human body. This is same as the properties of the earth which afford background for shaping all creations. The physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs is intermediation and regulation between Ki(氣) of Five Viscera & six Bowels and shape of muscles & skins in human body. 2. The origin of Eight Extra Meridians could be found in HuangdiNeijing. The collateral Meridians of the Uterus and Epiglottis Meridian are specifically formulated to supplying for the Uterus or Epiglottis. From this we can draw The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians, that is Eight Extra Meridians are specifically formulated to supplying for Extraordinary Organs. 3. The Cheon-gye(天癸) is doing significant function in Eight Extra Meridians supplying for Extraordinary Organs. Cheon-gye concerned to growth, secondary sexual characters, generative function, aging process. Theses are all concerned with the changing of human body shape. Cheon-gye urge to change the body shape with following the human life cycle. 4. Human body has vertical symmetry because preserve its shape from the gravitational force. Eight Extra Meridians place at the middle or flank axis of human body, thus do physiological function that assistant human body have vertical symmetry shape. The purpose of shaping vertical symmetry is securing space what the inner Twelve Regular Meridians and Five Viscera & six Bowels create there own physical changes. On the other hand the inner changes need deviation between left and right because of mobility and circulation of force. But human body change the shape in the process of growth, reproduction, aging. Eight Extra Meridians play role at time of these processing, thus they deeply concerned to human's life cycle and reproduction. 5. Eight Extra Meridians and Extraordinary Organs were named 'Extra' because of some special aspects which differentiated from ordinary Meridians and Organs. All they play role to have vertical symmetry shape of human body and maintain the shape, thus they deeply concerned to the change of human life cycle. These shaping maintaining and the change of human life cycle are very special aspects of human body. So they needed to differently cognize separate to the ordinary changes of Five Viscera & six Bowels and Twelve Meridians at inner space.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.138-147
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• 2000

Objectives and Method : In this study, I have investigated what kind of primary factors detennine the apoplexy prognosis, and the method of the function assessment about the apoplexy by inquiry into the literature on this subject Results and Conclusions : 1. The primary factors to have an effect upon the appoplexy are : the location of Pungsa; whether five organs ki is existent or not; pulse feeling; tongue condition; whether or not the patient produces stool or urine; for males, the left side; for females, the right side ; whether or not the patient sweats; consciousness; vital signs; and the region and size of disease and brain hernia. 2. MBI is often used because it is considered to be objective, simple, and highly reliable. But its absence of a legal recognition assessment is a major incongruence. 3. Inclusive and standard assessment are key points in the reinforecement by AM of legal recognition assessment, but it takes a lot of time and is not endowed with adding an extra weight and is vague to the division between the communication and social recognition grade. 4. AI is useful and easy to evaluate the mental ability, the capacity for locomotion and the daily activities inclusively.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.21-21
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exegenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usuable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki)穀氣) 내 that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Maridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily froms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and connot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian symtem unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.22-42
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exogenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki(穀氣) so that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Meridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily forms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and cannot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian system unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was conduct to compare of histological changes on four target organs which related with diabetes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at different doses of 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg for 5 days. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, five different organs such as pancreas, liver, kidney, and lung were isolated and observed their histological changes by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The changes of body weight, blood glucose, and food and water intake were also measured. Results : The multiple administration of STZ was induced diabetes in rats with hyperglycemia, decrease of body weight, increase water and food intake, and histopathological changes of target organs, compared with those of normal rats in both dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In histological analysis, pancreas was showed decrease of the islet numbers with beta-cell loss. Kidney showed morphological damage with glomerulus hypertrophy, and also lung was showed bronchial epithelial damage with inflammatory cells infiltration. In liver, the portal vein and hepatic artery could not observed, and showed inflammatory cell infiltration with liver fibrosis. Conclusions : These results suggest that the increase of the capacity of STZ, each of the more chronic disease, it can be seen that the damage was deep. Thus, evaluate the resulting drug appropriate depending on the purpose of the model is expected to be selected.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.424-434
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• 2002

In Jang-Sang theory, ‘Sang’ indicates ‘Hyung Sang’. The internal organs appear it's shapes(Hyung Sang) outward. ‘Hyung Sang’ is concept that was used on 「the book of changes」(周易) and 「Nei Ching」(內經) to means a thing's shapes and conditions. ‘Hyung’ is the shape, an organization composing a thing and ‘Sang’ is the symptom, an essence(a seed) immanenting a thing. To observe Hyung Sang, it have to apply the principle that ‘the sky and man correspond each other(天人相應)’. Usually ‘Hyung’ appears as shapes and ‘Sang’ appears as colors and conditions. Diagnosis on the basis of Hyung Sang put first the external expression of the five Jang six Bu organs and Jung-Ki-Shin-Hyul(精氣神血). So a doctor has to unite shapes, colors, pulse and symptoms(形, 色, 脈, 症) when diagnosis a patient. The theory of Hyung Sang includes the basic theories of the oriental medicine, the theory for Yin-Yang and the five element(陰陽五行論), organ picture(Jang-Sang), meridians(經絡學說), the five circuit phases and the six atmospheric influences(運氣學說), physical constitution(體質學說). I think that treatment based on Hyung Sang is shown the essence of the oriental medicine well. In the future, I think, we need to study more about the theory of Hyung Sang.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2002

Insomnia describes not only a state of a lack of sleep but also a causative factor for both psychological and physical disorders. Most people tend to underestimate the effects of insomnia on psychological problems, stroke, Sogal or other life-threatening conditions. insomnia may occur when 1) the flow of Jung(精), Ki(氣), Shin(神) and Hyul(血) is not smooth; 2) the five Jang organs and six Bu organs are in disharmony; 3) Shin(身) and Hyung(形) are inconsistently developed; 4) Young and Wi(衛) do not work in concert; 5) and other factors such as age or exposure to Cold are involved. I observed my patients suffering from insomnia according to Hyungsang medicine, which is based on 'Dongyuibogam'(東醫寶鑑). Insomnia due to the problems with Jung, Ki. Shin and Hyul was found in the Shin type(神科) and the Ki type(氣科). When it comes to the organs, sleep disorder significantly correlates to weakened Spleen, Liver and Kidneys. In terms of the inconsistent development of Shin and Hyung, patients who were shortsighted or experienced surgery showed insomnia. Patients exposed to Cold showed false type agitation. With respect to age, while children showed a weakened Gallbladder, the aged had deficient Blood. Sleep disorder caused by disharmony of Young and Wi occurs at dusk or dawn.