• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.215-219
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• 2006

According to increase of personal incomes, spread of automobiles, a five-day only work week and expansion of cultural life, modern people today are increasingly showing leisure time interests. Under such social circumstances in which people's spare time are gradually increasing, weekend trips accompanied with hotel staying are increasing to a greater extent rather than one-day trips. In Korea where differences between regions and four seasons are remarkable, the resort industry has developed in harmony with seasonal environments and regional characteristics. In particular, an increasing number of modern people living in the wellbeing era tends to visit spa resort hotels for recreation and health. This study intends to compare realities of local and foreign spa resort hotels and investigate space characteristics of local spa resort hotels for promotion of use. In this study, it has been found that the proposed addition of characteristic-oriented spaces to the existing recreation, service and basic facilities beside the fundamental accommodations would be able to remarkably elevate use of the hotels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1329-1336
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• 2000

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of Murrah buffalo cows pulling sledges under field conditions on milk production and milk composition. In Exp. 1, 24 buffaloes in the fourth month of lactation were used. They were allotted to four treatments according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement: work or no work, and with or without urea-molasses cake supplementation (700 g/animal/day). Feeds consisted of 20 kg fresh elephant grass (18% DM), 2 kg rice bran per day and rice straw ad lib. The animals worked in pairs three hours per day (work done: $3464{\pm}786kJ/d$) five days a week for three months. Three teams worked in the morning and the others worked in the afternoon in the same day. The following day the working times were switched. In Exp. 2, 16 lactating Murrah buffalo cows in the sixth month of lactation were allotted to two groups (work and no work). They were fed with fresh ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) ad lib. supplemented with 2 kg rice bran and 700 g urea-molasses cake. The working regime was similar to that of the first experiment (work done: $3753{\pm}879kJ/d$) and they worked for two months. In the first experiment, there was a small but significant drop (p<0.05) in milk yield from 3.5 to 3.0 kg/day due to work, but there was no supplementation effect. The working buffaloes lost 5.2 kg whereas the non-working animals gained 9.7 kg during the three months (p<0.05). Supplementation increased live weight by 9.9 kg as compared to -5.4 kg for those not supplemented (p<0.05). Milk composition was not affected by the treatments. In the second experiment, daily milk production was similar for both treatments and approximately 3 kg. No significant differences were found in milk composition or in live weight changes for working and non-working groups, respectively. It was concluded that work may cause a reduction in milk yield and a loss of live weight on a poor rice straw diet but that an appropriate supplementation can alleviate this situation.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.50.1-50.11
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• 2023

Background: The rise in telecommuting or non-face-to-face work owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has fueled conversations regarding the "right to disconnect." Although evidence suggests that receiving work-related communications through telecommunication devices outside of work hours may lead to various symptoms and illnesses, limited research has been undertaken on these symptoms. This study therefore aims to investigate the correlation between receiving work communications through telecommunication devices after work hours and the occurrence of work-related headaches and eyestrain in full-time, non-shift white-collar workers. Methods: This study used data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey. The frequency of using telecommunication devices for work purposes outside of working hours was divided into five categories: "Every day," "Several times a week," "Several times a month," "Rarely," and "Never." Work-related headaches and eyestrain were categorized based on a "yes" or "no" response to the survey questions. Descriptive statistics, χ² tests, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0. Results: After adjusting for sex, age, income level, education, occupation, workplace size, work hours, and sleep disorders, the odds ratio (OR) of work-related headaches and eyestrain based on frequency of telecommunication device usage were as follows: "rarely" (OR: 1.292; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.111-1.503), "several times a month" (OR: 1.551; 95% CI: 1.249-1.926), "several times a week" (OR: 1.474; 95% CI: 1.217-1.784), and "every day" (OR: 1.548; 95% CI: 1.321-1.813). Conclusions: Employees who use telecommunication devices for work after regular hours are more susceptible to experiencing work-related headaches and eyestrain compared to those who do not. However, there is a dearth of research examining the physical and mental health impacts of using telecommunication devices for after-hours work. Furthermore, the existing preventative measures in Korea are insufficient. Consequently, it is imperative to develop effective measures and conduct additional research to address this issue.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

주5일제 실시, 인구 고령화 등으로 근로 환경이 과거에 비해 크게 바뀌었지만 빈도율, 강도율, Safe T-score와 같은 산업재해지수에는 반영되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 평균수명 증가, 근로 가능연령 상향, 근로시간 단축, 재해에 의한 사망자 평균 연령 변화 등의 시계열 동향을 파악하기 위해 통계자료를 활용하였다. 통계자료의 시계열 추이 분석 결과 인구 고령화로 인해 기대수명이 83.3세로 늘어났고, 법정 근로연령 또한 65세로 증가하였다. 그리고 2001년부터 주5일제 근로시간제가 도입되면서 연간 평균 근로시간은 2008.1시간으로 줄어들었다. 따라서 현재의 산업재해지표에서 사용되고 있는 기준과는 상당한 차이가 있었으며, 이러한 차이는 산업재해지표를 활용해 재해의 발생빈도와 산업재해로 인한 근로손실일수 등을 계산하고 그 추이를 파악하는데 큰 영향을 줄 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

The negative impacts of roads on wildlife mortality have been well documented, and one of the most significant impact is wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) in most countries throughout the world. While road impacts on wildlife are a truly global concern with a large socio-economic cost, few researches in Korea have been quantified road-kill occurrence on highways or identified extensively seasonal and geographic patterns of this phenomenon. Therefore, we analyzed highway mortality of wild mammals in Korea using database from five years of nation-wide data on WVCs, and estimated road-kill density by standardizing on per km and per $10^3$ vehicle basis. During 2008 through 2012, a total of 10,940 wildlifes were reported killed on highways, with an average of 2,188 cases per year. There were 2,376 road-kills in 2012, and this equates to 0.01 road-kills per km per week or one road-kill every 88.5 km per week. For time of day, road-kills occurred more frequently in the early morning (05:00-08:00, 38.3%), and day of week did not have a significant influence in any individual year. The road-kill was highest in the spring (March- May, 33.0%) and least in the winter (December-February, 16.1%), and the most frequently killed native species were of Korean water deer (79.7%), raccoon dog (12.7%), Korean hare (3.1%), and leopard cat (1.2%). The overall standardized kill-rate (number/10 km/1,000 vehicles/month) in 2012 was 0.057 with highest on Dangjinyeongdeok highway (0.476), followed by Yeongdong (0.274), Sooncheonwanju (0.233), Iksanpohang (0.187), and Joongang (0.150). This study highlights that the frequency of WVCs are prevalent throughout the highways in Korea. Further work is needed to determine whether such a level of mortality is sustainable from an ecological point of view.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2017

Recently, the demand for marine leisure industry is rapidly increasing due to the five-day work week and the per capita income approaching US $ 30,000. In particular, the Republic of Korea is surrounded by the sea on three sides and is composed of 3,150 islands and coastline. As shipbuilding infrastructure is abundant and the government is expected to actively support policies as a new growth engine, leisure boat furniture industry is expected to grow rapidly along with leisure boat manufacturing. Therefore, in this paper, after understanding the leisure boat (yacht) and analyzing the requirements of yacht furniture, we proposed a beautiful yacht furniture design that is lightweight, durable and safe using a 120-foot super yacht that can best show the characteristics of yacht furniture using wood bending technology and color variation of woods.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2014

Aggravation of natural environment, improvements in income, internet diffusion, spread of five-day work a week, and population aging seem very different from each other. However they boil down to consumption. These culture patterns are changing into environment-friendly and productive housing culture. In other words, people might tend to have frequent contacts with not only environment-friendly housing in bustling cities but also woods that is environment friendly materials in their leisure time. In the period of people young and old alike are in favor of woodcrafts, this study was conducted for giving information to who speicalized in woodcrafts. Furthermore, the study shows that other countries also added grain and figure to woodcrafts for visually appealing.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.290-300
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• 2011

Objectives: There is limited data regarding the toxicity of methylcyclohexane, despite its wide use in rubber adhesives, paint diluents, and cleansing agents. This study aimed to verify the toxicity and influence on the reproductive system of methylcyclohexane after its repeated injection in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Methylcyclohexane was injected subcutaneously into male and female SD rats once a day, five times a week, for 13 weeks at different doses (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) for each group. The toxicity of testing material was verified by observing the change in body and organ weight, hematological change, pathological findings, and effect on the reproductive system at each different concentration. Results: In the 1,000 mg/kg/day group, there were cases of animal deaths. In animals that survived, hematological changes, including a decrease in the red blood cell count, were observed. A considerable weight gain or loss and pathological abnormalities in the liver, kidney, and other organs were found. However, the 10 and 100 mg/kg/day groups did not cause deaths or other specific abnormalities. In terms of reproductive toxicity, there were changes in hormone levels, including a significant decrease in hormones such as estradiol and progesterone (p < 0.001) in male animals. Menstrual cycle change for female animals did not show concentration dependency. Conclusion: When injected repeatedly for 13 weeks, methylcyclohexane proved to be toxic for the liver, heart, and kidney at a high dose. The absolute toxic dose was 1,000 mg/kg/day, while the no observed adverse effect level was less than 100 mg/kg/day. The substance exerted little influence on the reproductive system.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2002

This study identified the health habits affecting health status of industrial workers. Data was collected from 965 workers in 58 companies at Buchon. The research conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey and obtained the workers' health examination records. The results were as follows: 1. Among 965 respondents, men were 82.4%, women were 17.6%, 44.5% were of the 30${\sim}$40 age group, the married were 67.4%, the single were 30.8%, high school graduates were 81.1% and 38.8% were of people who worked between 1 and 5 years 2. As far as the seven health habits, current smokers were 52.8%, people who regularly exercise was 28.5%, 7${\sim}$8 hour of sleep, on the average were 71.4%, people eating breakfast nearly every day were 8.8%, and people eating between meals almost every day were 46.5%. Heavy drinkers who drink 3${\sim}$4 times or more per week were 14.2%, 1${\sim}$2 times per week were 32.6% and the obese were 9.3%. 3, Health status of A and B, estimated by doctors in the health examination were 80.8% and C, D1, D2, the unhealthy were 19.2%. For men, those who reported more than women in unhealthy groups and the results regarding health status reflects those for gender, educational level and age. That is to say that, lower educational level group and over 30 years of age group perceive their health to be worse than the higher educational level and under 30 age group. And these differences were statistically significant. 4. The relationship between health habits and health status were examined based on the odds ratio. Current smokers had a consistently worse health status than a non smokers with a 1.98 odds ratio. The workers who reported eating breakfast rarely or never were more associated with the unhealthy group than the regular breakfast eating group with a 2.96 odds ratio. One or more drink per week had a worse health status than a never or a little drinker with a 1.56 odds ratio. 5. General health habit score and duration of work were selected as significant factors influencing health status from the result of logistic regression analysis. According to the results of this model, the odds ratio of good health status was 2.08 for good health habit score, 1.63 for workers who worked five years or more duration at work. In summary, good health habits were associated with good health status. In particular, the workers who had 5 or more desirable health habits had a significantly better health status than the workers who had 4 or less than 4 good health habits. Therefore, in order to provide the health promotion programs to workers it is necessary to organize clear health management plans based on effective health education and health service perspective. If further research examines health habits and health status using a prospective study design, More precise findings for health promotion program development in the worksite and worksite health management planning.

• 한국인구학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 1979

A study on analysis of daily activities and time allocations of Community health Practitioners(CHP) and Community Health Aids(CHA) who assigned to Ocku Demonstration Health Project of the Korean Health Development Institute was conducted for one week from 3rd through 8th December 1979. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy including productivity of the community Health Workers developed by KHDI for rural areas. Five Community Health Practitioners and eight Community Health Aids were selected for the studies and their activities and time allocations were measured by designed format for one week. The following are the summary of the findings. 1. The mean age of the CHPs was 34.4 years with standard deviation 4.8 years, while that of CHAs was 26.9 years with standard deviation 3.1 years. 2. On educational background, all of the CHPs were graduated from Junior Nursing College, six CHAs were from high school and the rest of them from middle school. 3. On marital status, all CHPs were married, meanwhile four CHAs were married and the rest of them were single. 4. On service duration in public health fields, all of the CHPs have worked for less than three years, meanwhile five CHAs for 5 to 9 years and one CHA for more than 10 years. 5. Only one CHP lives in the myon where she works, and the rest of them live in other areas. Three CHAs live in the same myon where they work, and five live in other areas. 6. On types of work, the CHPs have worked on technical areas for 3.6 hours per day and on supportive and administrative activities for 2.7 hours and other activities for 1.8 hours on average. 7. The CHAs have spent 2.9 hours a day on technical activities, 4.2 hours on supportive and administrative activities and 1.6 hours on other activities in terms of time spent on average. 8. The average hours per day spent by CHPs on functional areas were 2.2 hours for clinic activities, 13.7 minutes for maternal health, 30.1 minutes for infant and child health, 13.4 minutes for family planning, 1.1 hours for supporting activities and 1.7 hours for administrative affairs. 9. The average hours per day spent by CHAs on functional areas were 4.1 hours for administrative affairs, 2.6 hours for supportive activities and only 2.9 for maternal health, infant and child health an family planning, and other technical works. 10. The average time spent by CHPs on clinical works were 1.0 minutes for history takings on disease, 2.6 minutes for physical examinations, 1.1 minutes for measurements, 3.8 minutes for administration of medications, 1.5 minutes for educations and 0.9 minutes for others. 11. On the average 92.8 percent of whole working hours of CHPs were spent in the substations, meanwhile 70.4 percent of CHAs were spent in the substations. 12. 17.8 percent of field working hours of CHAs were spent on the roal for their transportations. 13. The average time for unit service performance by CHPs were 10.9 minutes on clinical case, 18.1 minutes on maternal health, 14.8 minutes on infant and child health, 20.5 minutes on family planning and 29.9 minutes on tuberculosis control. 14. The average time for unit service performance by CHAs were 19.4 minutes on clinical work, 19.9 minutes on maternal health, 20.1 minutes on infant and child health, 17.2 minutes on family planning, 22.2 minutes on tuberculosis control.