• Title/Summary/Keyword: fish skin

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Integumentary Ultrastructure of the Blenny, Pholis nebulosa (Teleostei: Pholidae) (베도라치 (Pholis nebulosa) 피부계의 미세구조)

  • LEE Jung Sick;An Cheul Min;HUH Sung-Hoi
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.148-152
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    • 2000
  • To provide basic information on the integumentary system of the blenny, Pholis nebulosa, ultrastructures of epidermal and dermal layer were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscope. The skin of the blenny consisted of epidermal and dermal layer. Epidermal layer consisted of supporting cell and unicellular gland. The supporting cells were classified into superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell, and the gland cells were classified into mucous secretory cell and club cell. The cytoplasm of supporting cells was divided into cortex and medullar part. In the cortex and medullar part, microfilaments and cell organelles were well developed, respectively. Superficial cell of epidermal layer was cuboidal and contained nucleus of horseshoe shape. Intermediated cell had a nucleus of irregular form and the electron density was higher than the other supporting cells, Basal cell was columnar, but nucleus was situated in the upper cytoplasm. Cell organelles of the basal cell were poor than the other supporting cells, but membrane interdigitations were well developed. The cytoplasm of mucous secretory cell had a well-developed ovoid secretory granules, which reacted to red with AB-PAS reaction. The club cell had a we31-developed round secretory granules and endoplasmic reticulum. figment cells were classified into two type. The one contained pigment granules of electron dense, and the other contained reflecting platelets. The cytoplasm of fibrocyte had n well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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An Analysis on Prevalence and Allergen of Food Allergies (식품 알레르기의 유병률과 알레르겐 분석)

  • Lee, Kye-Hee
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.14-24
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food allergies and find out food allergens. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 2,415 subjects in D city, among whom 452 subjects believed that they had food allergy. Skin prick tests were performed on these subjects. The data were analyzed using SAS Version 9.0 and ${\chi}^2$-test. In addition, several recent studies were reviewed. Results: The prevalence rate of food allergic symptoms was 25.6% in males and 25.8% in females, respectively. The positive rate of skin prick tests among those who were allergic to any of 14 food items was 21.4% in males and 14.7% in females(p=0.018). Therefore, it was estimated that the prevalence rate of food allergy was 5.0% in males and 3.6% in females. It was shown that the major food allergens were hop, shrimp, lobster, oyster and egg(whole) in males, and egg(whole), hop, oyster, and pork in females, respectively. The prevalence in recent studies ranged from 1 to 35%. Major food allergens were milk, egg, nuts, fish, shellfish crustacean and fruits/vegetables. Conclusions: In order to provide effective care for food allergy, it is essential to find out the prevalence of food allergies and food allergens.

A Study of the Personal Ornaments and Make-up of Maroccan (모로코인(人)의 장신구(裝身具)와 화장(化粧)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Soon-Hong
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.15-34
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    • 2001
  • Ornaments are accessories for the decoration of the body or dress. They aren't unavoidably required one, but serve to make one's dress perfect as decorative industrial art objects. In Morocco, ornaments were initially used as a sign of social position or the class or an incantatory symbol. In effect, they were originally employed to adjust one's dress, not just for decoration, and they were of use for household economy. Gold, silver and handcraft available for exchange were a means of increasing one's property and an indication of social standing and wealth. In particular, the dress and jewelry of a bride was a measure of her family's wealth, regarded as a symbol of her chastity and value. The ornaments symbolically back up people's faith in supernatural power, and their real value is based on implicit form or way of decoration, not the external shape. Specifically, there is a tendency to use the form of animal as a protector, not one to frighten people. In the artistic tradition of Morocco, fish pattern stands for water and rain, and eagle and bird are considered to be related to fate. Scorpion and lizard are depicted as an inquirer of sun, and snake is a symbol of abundance and sexual instinct, being viewed to have an ability to cure disease. Turtle pattern is a symbol of saint because it protects one from the evil. The ornaments are made of gold, silver, amber, clam, garnet, glass, nielle, enamel, glaze, coral or tree, and symbolic patterns are used, including hand(a symbol of five numerals), turtle, lizard, scorpion, eye, triangle, bird and eggs. They are very big and diverse, being categorized into ornaments for the head or the chest, neckless, fibula, earring, bracelet and ring. For Moroccans, make-up is a sort of instinctive behavior to meet aesthetic and sexual desire. They also wear make-up for practical purpose of protection, intentionally inflict a wound on the skin for ceremonial or religious purpose, paint the skin with pigment, or have the part of the body tattooed for incantatory purpose. All this actions are regarded as make-up. The raw material of cosmetics is aker, a vegetable dye. They get the lips or cheeks turn red and paint eyebrows with yellow saffran powder to have a bad devil lose its strength. Tattooing is mainly done by women and viewed as a sign of their value or social organization they belong to. Sometimes that is used to represent a woman's being old enough to marry or getting married already or the frequency of marriage. Besides, tattoo is believed to prevent or remedy loose bowels or cough, depending on its location or pattern, and they often change tattoo according to the change of beauty art.

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Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Activities of Extracts from Anglerfish (아귀 추출물의 항산화 및 항유전독성 활성)

  • Lee, Suck-Hee;Shin, Jin-Hwa;Koo, Myoung-O;Jung, Eun-Sil;Jeon, Geong-Im;Park, Eun-Ju;Park, Hae-Ryong;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.1229-1234
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    • 2007
  • Antioxidant activities of extracts from anglerfish (Lophiiu Zitulon) were evaluated. Each part of fresh (skin, flesh, stomach, and liver) or dried (skin and flesh) anglerfish was extracted by four different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water). Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by radical scavenging activity (RSA) and reducing power (RP). Relatively higher RSA and RP were found in methanol and water extract of fresh anglerfish liver. Antigenotoxic effect of the extracts, which was measured by Comet assay, was shown in most of the extracts except methanol, acetone and distilled water extracts of fresh stomach sample. These results indicated that antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of extracts from angler fish were variable depending on parts, solvent, and/or physicochemical state. The appropriate extraction process could provide some valuable bioactive materials from anglerfish.

Analysis of Red Coverage in Red- and White-koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Red- and White-koi Carp (C. carpio)×Red Common Carp (C. carpio) Cross Progenies (홍백 비단잉어와 홍백 비단잉어×홍잉어 교배종의 적색소 분석)

  • Hwang, Ju-ae;Kim, Jung Eun;Lee, Jeong-Ho;Kim, Dae-Hee;Kim, Hyeong Su
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.238-241
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate color pattern and growth in cross progenies between kois and red common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Coverage of red color patches in skin was investigated in $koi{\times}koi$ (KK), $koi{\times}red$ common carp (KR) and red common $carp{\times}koi$ (RK) progenies in 170 days post-hatching (DPH) by analysis of digital photographs. KR cross group had higher length (P<0.05) and the mean weight than in the KK but there were no significant difference between KR and RK. All groups consisted of three color pattern white, white-red and red. The percentage of red-area coverage in skin was 64% in KK progenies, 56% in KR and 36% in RK. The red coverage (30~50%) was highly in KR (15%) than in KK (10%) and RK (12%). The application of red-area body coverage analysis may suggest potentially useful tool for ornamental fish selection.

Structure and Bacterial Cell Selectivity of a Fish-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide, Pleurocidin

  • Yang Ji-Young;Shin Song-Yub;Lim Shin-Saeng;Hahm Kyung-Soo;Kim Yang-Mee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.880-888
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    • 2006
  • Pleurocidin, an $\alpha$-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide, was isolated from skin mucosa of winter flounder (Pleuronectes americamus). It had strong antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but had very weak hemolytic activity. The Gly$^{13,17}\rightarrow$Ala analog (pleurocidin-AA) showed similar antibacterial activities, but had dramatically increased hemolytic activity. The bacterial cell selectivity of pleurocidin was confirmed through the membrane-disrupting and membrane-binding affinities using dye leakage, tryptophan fluorescence blue shift, and tryptophan quenching experiments. However, the non-cell-selective antimicrobial peptide, pleurocidin-AA, interacts strongly with both negatively charged and zwitterionic phospholipid membranes, the latter of which are the major constituents of the outer leaflet of erythrocytes. Circular dihroism spectra showed that pleurocidin-AA has much higher contents of $\alpha$-helical conformation than pleurocidin. The tertiary structure determined by NMR spectroscopy showed that pleurocidin has a flexible. structure between the long helix from $Gly^3$ to $Gly^{17}$ and the short helix from $Gly^{17}$ to $Leu^{25}$. Cell-selective antimicrobial peptide pleurocidin interacts strongly with negatively charged phospholipid membranes, which mimic bacterial membranes. Structural flexibility between the two helices may play a key role in bacterial cell selectivity of pleurocidin.

Removal of Skin from Filefish Using Enzymes (효소를 이용한 말쥐치의 탈피)

  • KIM Se-Kwon;BYUN Hee-Guk;CHOI Kwang-Duck;ROH Ho-Seok;LEE Won-Hee;LEE Eung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.159-172
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    • 1993
  • Collagenase existed in the internal organs of filefish Novoden modestrus was isolated with ammonium sulfate and was purified by ion exchange column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration with Sephadex G-150. The activity of the purified enzyme was increased 92.4 folds than that of the crude one and the yield of the purified one was $10.9\%$. The optimum conditions showing the maximum activity of the crude enzyme to digest insoluble collagen(Type I) were $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.0, while those showing the maximum activity of the purified one were $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.75. However, the use of the crude enzyme for skinning of filefish was more profitable because the yield was 800 folds higher than that of the purified one and the cost was also able to economy. When hydrolysis for skinning of filefish was conducted with $0.3\%$(w/w) crude collagenase at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.0 for 3hrs, there was some problem to cause a damage on muscle of the fish by heat. To solve such problem for the skinning, the hydrolysis at $18^{\circ}C$ for 4hrs with $0.3\%$ (w/w) crude enzyme after pretreated with 0.5M acetic acid for 10 min provided a good result for skinning of filefish.

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Chromosome Aberrations in Porcine Embryo Produced by Nuclear Transfer with Somatic Cell

  • K. S. Chung;Ko, S. A;S. J. Song;J. T. Do;Park, Y. S.;Lee, H. T.
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.385-394
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    • 2002
  • This study was constructed the correlations of the embryonic developmental rates and the frequency of chromosome aberration using ear-skin-fibroblast cell in nuclear transfer (NT) derived embryos. Karyoplast-oocyte complexes were fused and activated simultaneously, then cultured for seven days to assess development. The developmental rates of NT and in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos were 55.4% vs 63.5%, 31.7% vs 33% and 13.4% vs 16.8% in 2 cell, 8 cell and blastocyst, respectively. Firstly, the frequency of chromosome aberrations were evaluated using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with porcine chromosome 1 submetacentric specific probe. Chromosome aberration was detected at day 3 on the embryo culture, the percentages of chromosomal aneuploidy in NT and IVF embryos at 4-cell stage were 40%, 31.3%, respectively. Secondly, embryonic fragmentation was evaluated at 4-cell stage embryo. Frequency of embryonic fragmentations was in 51.3% of NT, 61.3% of IVF, 28.9% of parthenogenetic activation at 4-cell stage. The proportion of fragmentation in NT embryos was higher than activation embryos. This result indicates that chromosomal abnormalities and embryonic fragments are associated with low developmental rate in porcine NT embryo. It is also suggest that abnormal porcine embryos produced by NT related with lower implantation rate, increased abortion rate and production of abnormal fetuses.

The Current State of Food Allergy of Preschool Childcare Facilities in Hanam (하남시 영유아 보육시설의 식품알레르기 현황 조사 - 100인 미만의 어린이 급식소를 중심으로 -)

  • Cho, Wookyoun;Kim, Jinah
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate how to manage food allergy of pre-school children, focusing on the current status of the food allergy in childcare facilities in Hanam which have less than 100 children. Methods: Targeting 159 preschool childcare facilities, survey was carried out for a month in March, 2015. Recovery rate was 66.7%. 106 surveys out of 159 were available for analysis using SPSS statistical program version 19.0. Results: Among 106 facilities, 58 (54.7%) reported that none of their children had a food allergy and 48 (45.3%) reported one more children had a food allergy. Total number of children having a food allergy was 71. Among them, the occurrences of food allergy in males were significantly more than that of the females (p<0.001). Further, children under 2 years of age had significantly more food allergy than the other ages (p < 0.001). The allergic inducing foods were nuts (23.3%), egg (17.8%), milk and dairy products (16.4%), fish and shellfish (13.7%), instant foods (12.3%), fruits (8.2%), soybean (4.1%), meat (2.7%), and cereals (1.4%) in order, and 6 children out of 71 were allergic to more than 2 food items. The clinical symptoms of the food allergy were a skin reaction (87.9%) and an oropharyngeal & respiratory reaction (12.1%). Majority of childcare facilities (80.3%) didn't serve alternative foods for children with food allergy. Necessity for food allergy education was significantly higher in facilities with food allergy issues than without such issues. Conclusions: The Center for Children's Foodservice Management need to educate workers of childcare facilities and parents about managing food allergy and enforce a plan to provide alternative menu to children with food allergies.

Milk Allergens (우유의 알레르기 유발물질)

  • Kim, So-Young;Oh, Sang-Suk;Ham, Jun-Sang;Seol, Kuk-Hwan;Kim, Hyoun-Wook;Han, Sang-Ha;Choi, Eun-Young;Park, Beom-Young;Oh, Mi-Hwa
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2012
  • Since the prevalence of allergies is increasing, food allergy is a major concern for consumers, as well as for the food industry. The foods that account for over 90% of all moderate to severe allergic reactions to food are milk, eggs, peanuts, soybeans, fish, shellfish, wheat, and tree nuts. Of these food allergens, milk is one of the major animal food allergens in infants and young children. Milk is the first food that an infant is exposed to; therefore, the sensitization rate of milk in sensitive individuals is understandably higher. The mechanisms involved in allergic reactions caused by this hypersensitivity are similar to those of other immune-mediated allergic reactions. The reactions occur in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and respiratory tract, with headaches and psychological disorders occurring in some instances. The major allergenic proteins in milk are casein, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, and ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, while some of the minor allergenic proteins are lactoferrin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin. Reliable allergen detection and quantification are essential for compliance with food allergen-labeling regulations, which protect the consumer and facilitate international trade.

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