• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1983

To check the differences of the digestive enzymes by the bait habits and the proteolytic activities of the fissile extracts from the fish, omnivorous filefish (Navodon modestus), carnivorous cat shark (Scilliorhinus tarazame) and bloodsucking hag fish (Eptatretus burgeri) were sampled for this experiment. The activity of crude alkaline protease extracted from the muscle and the internal organs of the samples was determined with casein as substrate. The activity of the proteolytic enzymes showed remarkable differences by the organs of the fish. The optimum condition of the pretenses from the muscle revealed in range of pH 7.8-8.3, at $60-65^{\circ}C$, while those of the enzymes from the internal organs were at about pH 8.2, $45-55^{\circ}C$, but those of hag fish were at about pH 6.7, $45-55^{\circ}C$. The proteolytic activity of the enzyme of alimentary canal in filefish and in hag fish was 57 and 11 times stronger than that of muscle, respectively. The crude enzyme from the alimentary canal of file fish showed the strongest proteolytic activity in samples submitted and that of cat shark was the lowest. The activity of pancreatic alkaline protease in cat shark was 50 fold higher than that of muscle alkaline protease in the fish.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2013

The study surveyed infection rate of Kudoa septempunctata parasitized in the trunk muscle of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, cultured in Jeju Island and wild fish species caught in the coastal area around Jeju Island during 2012. Among 143 olive flounder that were randomly sampled from 26 different culture farms, K. septempunctata was detected in 7 fish samples (4.9%) from 4 different culture farms, showing no typical Kudoa infestation. However, K. septempunctata was not detected in olive flounder fry sampled from hatcheries and 8 species of wild fish. In addition, we compared 3 different sampling sites on trunk muscle of 7 Kudoa positive fish that included head part, tail part and entire muscle. Among 7 fish, K. septempunctata was detected in 3 fish that were sampled from head part; while 4 fish from tail part of trunk muscle. However, all 7 fish were positive when sampled from entire muscle. Thus, we suggest that it will be more efficient to use entire muscle sample than sampling partial muscle parts for detection of K. septempunctata.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2006

A high performance liquid chromatography assay method for spiramycin in fish muscle was developed. The developed method was evaluated and validated by monitoring spiramycin in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli) and in live conger eel (Anguilla japonica) in fish farms and distribution centers. Using the developed method, the recovery rate was up to 82.4-88.8%, which was higher than that of conventional methods (77.6-87.1%). In particular, the proposed sample treatment protocol was suitable for use with fish samples to remove low molecular weight materials and pigments that could interfere an accurate analysis. The prepared stock solution was very stable, and it remained chemically stable for 5 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. The performance limit of the developed method for spiramycin acid in fish muscle was 0.05 ppm. One hundred thirty-four fish samples including olive flounder, black rock fish and live conger eel were analyzed to evaluate the overall efficiency of the modified method and to monitor the actual condition of spiramycin usage in fish farms. Olive flounder and black rock fish were collected from fish farms in coastal areas of Korea, and live conger eels were purchased from a fish market in the Busan area from September 2001 to March 2002. According to the overall performance of the developed method, it was considered suitable for the monitoring of spiramycin in fish muscle. The suggested method of analysis for spiramycin in fish muscle is registered in the Korean Official Methods of Food Analysis and is currently tieing utilized for fishery products inspection by the Korea Food and Drug Administration and the National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2017

The effect of electromagnetic field on aquatic organisms has received little attention. In the current study, the effect of 50Hz electromagnetic field on muscle histopathology of Caspian Sea Cyprinus carpio, a species of economic importance, was investigated. A total of 120 healthy fish were used in this study. They were classified randomly in one of two groups as follows: Control or unexposed EMF group and experimental group with 5 different magnetic field intensities (0.1, 1, 3, 5 and 7mT) at 2 different exposure times including 30 and 60 minutes. Fish in the experimental group were exposed only once. Two weeks after exposure, dorsal muscles sectioned transversely, stained and were examined using a light microscope. Histopathologic assessments showed significant difference between control and EMF exposed groups at both 30 min. (p<0.01) and 60 min. (p<0.001) exposure times. We report for the first time that electromagnetic field in interaction with muscular tissue of Cyprinus carpio exhibits a dual effect which depends on the field intensity, and exposure time. At short exposure time (30 min.), EMF stimulates muscle growth process. At longer exposure time (60 min.), EMF can damage muscle tissue and result in muscle necrosis. More research is required to elucidate precise mechanisms involved in muscle hypertrophy and pathologic changes.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.553-563
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics (proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids and sensory properties) of whole body and dorsal muscle in olive flounder, which is switch size from juvenile to growing fed extruded pellets (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) for 9 months. Sample was collected at 5 and 9 months to compare with those of EP and MP. Whole body crude protein of fish fed EP at 9 months was significantly higher than that of fish fed MP (P<0.05). Linolenic acid(18:3) and n-6/n-3 ratio in dorsal muscle of fish fed EP were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the results of the flavor, color, taste and texture of the muscle of the fish fed EP compared to those fed MP (P>0.05). Based on the experimental results, we concluded that olive flounder cultured with EP is not inferior to those fed MP for quality characteristics of whole body and muscle.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 2002

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of six different dietary animal protein sources on growth and body composition of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in recirculating system. White fish meal (WFM), flounder muscle (FLM), carp muscle (CM), blood meal (BM), squid liver powder (SLP) and casein (CA) were used as the main animal protein sources in the six experimental diets. Fish averaging $2.9\pm0.03g$ $(mean\pm SD)$ were distributed to each aquarium as a group of 15 fish and were fed one of the six experimental diets to each treatment of triplicate groups. After 6-week of the feeding trial, fish fed white fish meal (WFM) and flounder muscle (FLM) diets showed a significant higher weight gain $(WG\%)$ (P<0.05) than those of fish fed the CM, BM, SLP and CA diets. Fish fed BM diet showed the lowest WG among all the dietary treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) showed the similar trend as WG. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were not affected by the dietary treatments. Fish fed the FLM and CM diets showed significant higher survival rate than those of fish fed BM diets, and there was no significant difference in survival of fish fed WFM, FLM, CM, SLP and CA diets. These results indicated that WFM and FLM are the best dietary protein sources tested in olive flounder.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 1998

Proximate composition, cholesterol (CHOL) and $\alpha-tocopherol$ ($\alpha-Toc$) content of seventy-two species of fish muscle (sea water fish, 59 species; fresh water fish, 13 species), which caught off Tongyeong coast of the Southern Sea ( Nam-Hae) and caught Kyeongho river, Sancheong, Korea, were determined. Lipid content was ranked from $0.53\%$ to $20.4\%$ and was high in the following order; mid-surface dwelling and migratory fish ($6.09{\pm}4.25\%$) > fresh water fish ($4.40{\pm}5.90\%$) > coastal and reep dwelling fish ($3.41{\pm}2.68\%$) > demersal fish ($2.12{\pm}2.41\%$). There was a negative correlation between the lipid and moisture content in all fish groups (p< 0.001). Protein was approximately $17\~18\%$ in all fish group, and no correlation was between the protein and moisture content in all but the demersal fish, which there was a negative correlation between both contents. Ash content was almost constant in all fish, accounting for $1\~2\%$, Cholesterol (CHOL) content was shown a great difference according to the fish species from 6.7 mg/100 g muscle (grass fish) to 249 mg/100 g (eel) and there was a positive correlation between the lipid and CHOL content. $\alpha-Toc$ content was less than 3 mg/100 g muscle in all fish, except that of eel (4.1 mg/100 g) and was relatively rich in the fish species contained a large amount of lipid.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.468-475
• /
• 2017

This study is for the consideration of the existence tendency of Kudoa septempunctata in olive flounder. In general, muscle has shown a strong PCR positive reaction in spores containing tissues rather than non-containing tissues. However, blood PCR results showed opposed tendency. In various organs of the tested fish containing spores in muscle tissue, heart had shown positive reaction along with muscle at PCR analysis. Muscle fiber necrosis was observed at the histological observation, and this degeneration was common in both samples. The one sample was the PCR positive muscle containing spore and the other was the PCR positive muscle non-containing spore. Both of muscle tissues indicated a positive reaction at ISH (in-situ hybridization) against K. septempunctata.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 1984

The composition of amino acids and the related compounds of nucleotides in the dorsal muscle of sweet fish Hemibarbus labeo, Mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri and read fish Gobius similis was analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer and high performance liquid chromatography. The result showed that IMP was dominant in the nucleotides of all the dorsal muscle of the fishes and a less amount of UMP, hypoxanthine and AMP was detected. In the free amino acid composition, the important amino acids were taurine and histidine in sweet fish, taurine, glycine and histidine in cornet fish, taurine, histidine and alanine in mandarin fish, taurine, proline and threonine in read fish, respectively, and in all the dorsal muscle of fishes, taurine was the dominant amino acid. In the amino acid compositions of the muscle protein, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and lysine were reached to 44.0% of total amino acids in sweet fish, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and glycine were 43.5% in cornet fish, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and leucine were 43.3%, 43.5% of total amino acids in mandarin fish and read fish, respectively. Glutamic acid was the dominant amino acid in all the fresh fishes.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1970

The author studied the actions of autonomic drugs on the uterine muscle isolated from Ditrema temmincki Bleeker, and the results obtained were summerized as follows. 1) The motility of the fish uterus was stimulated by epinephrine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine, but inhibited by isoproterenol. 2) The inhibitory effects of isoproterenol on the fish uterus was not affected by phenoxybenzamine, but blocked by propranolol. 3) The excitatory effects of phenylephrine on the fish uterus were blocked by phenoxybenzamine, but stimulated by propranolol. 4) The excitatory effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine were reversed by phenoxybenzamine and stimulated by propranolol. 5) The motility of the fish uterus pretreated with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol was not affected by isoproterenol, phenylephrine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. 6) It seemed that the uterine muscle of the fish had both alpha excitatory and beta inhibitory receptors. 7) The motility of the uterus of the fish was stimulated by acetylcholine. The stimulating action of acetylcholine was antagonized by atropine. 8) The motility of fish uterus was not affected by nicotine and DMPP. The actions of these drugs were not affected by pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine. 9) It is, therefore, concluded that there are not present ganglia cells furnished with cholinergic fiber in the uterine wall of the fish.