• 한국광학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

열상장비용 줌망원경계통을 설계하였다. 대물경계는 4배로부터 14배까지 배율이 변화할 수 있는 줌광학계통으로 설계하였고 접안경은 초점거리 25mm의 삼중렌즈계통으로 설계하였다. 처음에는 대물경계와 접안경을 구분하여 설계하고 후에 이를 통합하여 무초점계로 설계하였다. 1st order optics에 의해 계통을 확립하고 3rd order optics에 의해 초기설계를 얻었으며 후에 유한광선추적으로 모든 고차수차를 포함하는 ray aberration 또는 angular aberration이 최소가 되도록 최적화 하였다. 최종설계를 회절광학적 MTF를 계산하여 성능을 평가하였다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2023

This paper presents a new method for redistributing effectively the first orders of each lens element to achromatize and athermalize an optical system, by introducing a novel method for adjusting the slope of an achromatic and athermal line. This line is specified by connecting the housing, equivalent single lens, and aberration-corrected point on a glass map composed of available plastic and glass materials for molding. Thus, if a specific lens is replaced with the material characterized by the chromatic and thermal powers of an aberration-corrected point, we obtain an achromatic and athermal system. First, we identify two materials that yield the minimum and maximum slopes of the line from a housing coordinate, which specifies the slope range of the line spanning the available materials on a glass map. Next, redistributing the optical first orders (optical powers and paraxial ray heights) of lens elements by moving the achromatic and athermal line into the available slope range of materials yields a good achromatic and athermal design. Applying this concept to design a mobile-phone camera lens, we efficiently obtain an achromatic and athermal system with cost-effective material selection, over the specified temperature and waveband ranges.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2000

Series Coupler Access Encodler(SCAE)와 Series Coupler Access Decoder(SCAD)를 이용한 광CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)시스템에서 광정합필터 특성을 삼차신호까지 고려하여 분석하였다. 기존의 연구에서는 SCAE 및 ACAD를 평가할 때, 일차신호만을 고려하여 시스템의 성능을 분석하여 성능평가가 정확하지가 않았다. SCAE 및 SCAD는 커플러 수를 증가함에 따라 여러 형태의 간섭신호들을 가지므로, 이러한 신호들이 자기상관과 상호상관 세기를 변화시킨다. 그러므로 좀 더 정확한 시스템 성능을 분석하기 위해서는 간섭신호들의 특성을 연구할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 복호화 되는 광신호를 삼차신호까지 수학적으로 해석하였고, 시스템의 자기상관과 상호상관에 미치는 영향을 모의실험을 통해 분석하였다. 커플러 수 증가에 따라 나타나는 삼차신호들이 간섭신호 형태가 되어 peak to side-lobe ratio를 감소키기는 요인으로 작용됨을 정량적으로 확인하였다. 간섭신호들의 크기는 ${\alpha}$(coupling coefficient)값이 커질수록 증가하였으며, 커플러 개수(N)=5, ${\alpha}$=0.5인 조건에서 삼차신호까지 고려한 peak to side-lobe ratio는 3.75 dB까지 열화됨을 밝혔다. 또한, 일차신호의 main-lobe세기에 의해 수신기의 임계레벨을 결정한다면, 삼차신호에 의해 증가된 side-lobes세기 때문에 SCAE와 SCAD를 이용한 광 CDMA system에 다중 접속할 수 있는 사용자 수가 제한됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 고차 편광모드분산(PMD: polarization-mode dispersion)을 효과적으로 보상하기 위한 방법으로, DOP (degree of polarization)를 1차 PMD 보상을 위한 피드백 신호와 고차 PMD 보상을 위한 feed forward 신호로 사용하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 1차 보상이 끝난 후의 DOP값이 남아있는 고차 PMD의 정도를 나타내는 척도로써 인식하여 고차 PMD를 보상하는 시스템이 되겠다. 이러한 시스템은 고차 보상기의 자유도를 1차 보상기의 자유도로 제한하기 때문에 안정적이고 비교적 간단하게 구성할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능을 분석하기 위하여 10Gbps NRZ시스템의 전송 모의 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 시스템 다운 시간인 outage probability가 약 세 배 가량 감소되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1997

본 논문은 4군구성의 비디오 카메라용 줌광학계에 대해 렌즈모듈의 개념을 이용하여 1차량 및 3차 수차를 고려한 최적의 초기설계와 이로부터 설계 줌광학계를 설계하는 방법을 제안하였다. 최적화 과정을 통해 각각의 렌즈모듈에 적절히 1차량과 3차 수차량을 설정함으로써 줌비 10배(f'=6.1693~58.4065)를 갖고, 최적설계에 필요한 구속조건을 만족시키는 초기설계 줌광학계를 얻었다. 적절히 선정된 각각의 렌즈군의 촛점거리가 렌즈모듈의 촛점거리와 같도록 scaling 한 후, 군사이의 공기간격을 조정하므로써 줌궤적을 일치시켰다. 이러한 과정을 통해 독립적으로 설계된 군들을 결합시켜 얻은 줌광학계는 렌즈모듈로 구성된 원래의 초기설계된 줌광학계와 동일한 1차특성을 갖는다. 결과적으로 잔여수차 보정을 통해 후군촛점조절방식을 이용하는 비디오 카메라 줌렌즈로서 유용한 줌광학계를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2019

With slimmer, lighter and all-reflective imaging systems in high demand for consumer and military applications, coaxially folded optical image systems are widely considered because they can extend focal length and reduce track length. Most of these systems consist of multiple surfaces, and these surfaces are machined on one element or grouping processing on two elements. In this paper, we report and first experimentally demonstrate an all-aluminum all-reflective optical system which consists of two optical elements, with two high order aspherical surfaces in each element. The coaxially folded system is designed with Seidel aberration theory and advanced optimization with Zemax. The system is made of all-aluminum material processing by single point diamond turning (SPDT). On this basis, we completed the system integration and performed an imaging experiment. The final system has the advantages of short track length and long focal length and broad application prospects in the micro-unmanned aerial vehicle field.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2022

An off-axis zone plate is able to focus on a single order while neglecting the zeroth order in a visible imaging system. This allows one to enhance the contrast quality in diffractive images, which is the major advantage of this type of zone plate. However, most previous reflection zone plates are used in focusing X-rays with a small grazing incident angle and are intricately designed with the use of a local grating period. In this study, we suggest the design of an off-axis elliptical zone plate (EZP) that is used to focus a monochromatic light beam with separation between the first and unfocused orders under a large grazing incident angle of 45°. An assumption using the total grating period, which depends on the average and constant grating period, is proposed to calculate the desired distance between the first and zeroth order and to simplify the construction of a novel model off-center EZP. Four diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with different parameters were subsequently fabricated by direct laser lithography and then verified using a performance evaluation system to compare the results from the assumption with the experimental results.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2006

In this paper an optical power meter using Hadamard transform, which can be used in multiple channel optical elements alignment system, is proposed. A traditional optical power meter in multiple channel optical elements alignment system is able to judge how well the elements are aligned each other by measuring optical power of the first and the last two channels with at least two detectors. It has critical drawback that the alignment accuracy per channel is dependent on the number of detectors. The proposed optical power meter can get noise reduction by the Hadamard transform based multiplexing technique. The Hadamard transform based multiplexing technique using spatial light modulators is distinguished by the best enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the reconstructed signals. Moreover, the noise reduction increases with increasing the order of multiplexing, namely the number of optical element channels. The proposed system is implemented by PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) mask which is operated by electric filed and generates optimal multiplexing patterns based on the Hadamard transform and single detector. It means that we obtain not only the each channel's optical power of multiple channel elements at once but also the best enhancement of SNR with single detector. Experimental results show that the proposed optical power meter is suitable for an active optical alignment system for multiple channel optical elements.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2009

We investigated the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) tolerance for 40Gb/s non-return to zero (NRZ), duobinary NRZ, return to zero (RZ), carrier-suppressed RZ (CS-RZ), and duobinary-carrier-suppressed RZ (DCS-RZ) modulation formats with a forward error correction (FEC) coding. The power penalty has been calculated as a measure of the system performance due to PMD. After comparison of the PMD tolerance of various modulation formats, our results suggest that RZ signals have the best tolerance against the effect of first-order PMD only. The duobinary NRZ modulation format is most resilient to PMD when both first- and second-order PMD are considered. However, the duobinary NRZ modulation format is the most sensitive to the incident angle of the input signal to a fiber axis in the presence of first- and second-order PMD, leading to incident angle-dependent power penalty. The coding gain by FEC can cope with the power penalties induced by first- and second-order PMD up to a DGD value of 16ps.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.518-524
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• 2013

This study presents a new design method for a zoom lens, in which real lens groups are designed successively to combine to form a lens modules zoom system. The lens modules and aberrations are applied to the initial design for a four-group inner-focus zoom system. An initial design with a focal length range of 4.2 to 39.9 mm is derived by assigning the first-order quantities and third-order aberrations to each module along with the constraints required for optimum solutions. After obtaining the lens module zoom system, the real lens groups are successively, not separately, designed to get a zoom lens system. Compared to the separately designed real lens groups, this approach can give a better starting zoom lens and save time. The successively designed groups result in a zoom system that satisfies the basic properties of the zoom system consisting of the original lens modules. In order to have a slim system, we directly inserted the right-angle prism in front of the first group. This configuration resulted in a compact zoom system with a depth of 12 mm. The finally designed zoom lens has an f-number of 3.5 to 4.5 and is expected to fulfill the requirements for a mobile zoom camera having high zoom ratio of 10x.