• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 1995

Occurrence and incidences of major diseases of peach (Prunus persicae pv. vulgaris), leaf curl caused by Taphrina deformans, bacterial shot hole caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola, and anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata in peach orchards in Cheongdo and Kyungsan areas of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, were investigated for four years from 1990 to 1993. In leaf curl and bacterial shot hole which mainly occurred on leaves, frist disease occurrences were dated from late April to early May. The maximum leaf curl incidence was dated in mid May, while dates of the maximum bacterial shot hole incidence varied from mid May to mid August depending on the years surveyed. In brown rot and anthracnose on fruit, the first disease occurrence dates ranged from early June to early August; however, the maximum disease incidences for both were invariably dated in late August. The disease incidences on the dates of the maximum incidences differed year by year, and the averages for the 4 years were 13.2%, 10.5%, 10.9% and 3.8% for leaf curl, bacterial shot hole, brown rot and anthracnose, respectively. Especially in the leaf curl disease, the first disease occurrence dates and the maximum disease incidences matched with the amounts of precipitation of rain up to April, suggesting that the disease occurrence may be related to the precipitation during the early season. The occurrence of leaf curl was somewhat higher in cultivar“Baekmi”than other cultivars. All of the major disease occurred more in hilly orchards than in plain ones.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2012

An infection risk model for Phytophthora blight on chili pepper was developed to estimate the first date of disease occurrence in the field. The model consisted of three parts including estimation of zoosporangium formation, soil water content, and amount of active inoculum in soil. Daily weather data on air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, and the soil texture data of local areas were used to estimate infection risk level that was quantified as the accumulated amount of active inoculum during the prior three days. Based on the analysis on 190 sets of weather and disease data, it was found that the threshold infection risk of 224 could be an appropriate criterion for determining the primary infection date. The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the estimated date of primary infection and the observed date of first disease occurrence was $8{\pm}3$ days. In the model validation tests, the observed dates of first disease occurrence were within the 95% confidence intervals of the estimated dates in the five out of six cases. The sensitivity analyses suggested that the model was more responsive to temperature and soil texture than relative humidity, rainfall, and transplanting date. The infection risk model could be implemented in practice to control Phytophthora blight in chili pepper fields.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.374-380
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• 2017

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is one of the hazardous pine tree diseases in whole world. In Korea, PWD has been spreading since it was first observed in Busan in 1988. Dispersion of PWD is mainly mediated by its vectors such as Japanese pine sawyer. In this study, we characterized environmental condition including meteorological factors, geographical factors, and land use factors influencing on the occurrence of PWD. The occurrence data of PWD were collected at 153 sites where were the initial occurrence sites of PWD in local government regions such as city, Gun, or Gu scale. We used Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate the relative importance of environmental variables on the discrimination of occurrence or absence of PWD. The results showed that altitude, slope, and distance to road were the most influential factors on the occurrence of PWD, followed by distance to building. Finally, our study presented that human activities highly influenced on the long term dispersal of PWD.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.200-203
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• 2021

Rice blast caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is arguably the most devastating rice disease worldwide. Development of a high-throughput and reliable field blast resistance evaluation system is essential for resistant germplasm screening, resistance genes identification and resistant varieties breeding. However, the occurrence of rice blast in paddy field is easily affected by various factors, particularly lack of sufficient inoculum, which always leads to the non-uniform occurrence and reduced disease severity. Here, we described a procedure for adequately inducing the occurrence of rice seedling blast in paddy field, which involves pretreatment of diseased straw, initiation of seedling blast for the first batch of spreader population, inducing the occurrence of the second batch of spreader population and test materials. This procedure enables uniform and consistent infection, which facilitates efficient and accurate assessment of seedling blast resistance for diverse rice materials.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2023

The fast development of vaccines against the novel coronavirus disease is among the most critical steps taken to control this potentially fatal viral disease. Like other vaccines, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can also cause unwanted reactions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is among the oral mucocutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to comprehensively review the reported cases of EM since the global onset of COVID-19 vaccination. Data from 31 relevant studies regarding the type and dose of COVID-19 vaccines administered, time of initiation of symptoms, age, and gender of patients, site of involvement, patients' medical history, and treatment options were extracted. In total, 90 patients were identified with EM as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccination across studies. EM had the highest frequency after receiving the first dose of mRNA vaccines in older individuals. The first symptoms of EM appeared in less than 3 days in 45% and after 3 days in 55% of patients. EM is not a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, and fear of its occurrence should not impede vaccination.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.723-734
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• 2023

Erwinia pyrifoliae, which causes black shoot blight in apple and pear trees, was first identified in Korea in 1995. Extensive measures are typically used to control the disease by eradicating trees in diagnosed orchards, owing to the detrimental impact of the disease on apple and pear production. However, despite governmental efforts, the disease has continuously spread. In this study, we analyzed the current status of the black shoot blight occurrence in apple and pear orchards between 1995 to 2022. Our findings reveal that over the past 28 years, black shoot blight has occurred in 26 cities and districts across five Korean provinces. The affected regions are predominantly concentrated in the northern part of Korea, including the Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces. Furthermore, black shoot blight has gradually expanded to the northern provincial regions of Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk, which are centrally situated in Korea. Furthermore, the occurrence pattern of black shoot blight differed between apple and pear orchards; in apple orchards, black shoot blight occurred consistently each year, with a sudden increase in cases in 2020; however, in pear orchards, it has considerably decreased since 2007. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the occurrence of black shoot blight in apple and pear trees in 28 years, and the results will provide valuable insights for future disease management strategies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.9-12
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• 2003

Clubroot disease of curcifer crops caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae had been first reported in 1920 in Korea, and maintained mild occurrence until 1980s. Since 1990s the disease has become severe in alpine areas of Kyonggi and Kangwon, gradually spread to plain fields throughout the country, and remains as the greatest limiting factor for its production. Researches on the disease has begun in late 1990s in our laboratory after experiencing severe epidemics. Survey of occurrence and etiological and ecological studies have been carried out, particularly, on the pathogen physiology, race identification, quantification of soil pathogen population, host spectrum of the pathogen, and control measures.(중략)

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.8-20
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• 1983

Clinical and pathological survey on the first occurrence of Johne's disease in south Korea were practised from November 1979 to September 1982 in Kangweondo. The results obtained in the survey were as follows. 1. The clinical cases of the disease were fir

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2006

Imbecility, Parkinson's disease, the brain disease occurrence rate such as motor nerve disease are increasing rapidly since 1980 years, according to the Britain, the United States of America, Japan, Germany, result that investigate the spanish occurrence rate, was expose that imbecility mortality including Alzheimer's disease increased more than man case 3 triple and man and woman of brain disease mortality increases by about 50% with Parkinson's disease and motor nerve disease. <중략> first of all, courtesy call is important. So that can find out danger benevolence and occurrence danger at early stage, person arranged brain vein because examination does special Quality examination and modelling Tuesday embodying possible Cerebrovascular Ultrasonogram (brain vein supersonic waves) and prove excellency of performance from time to time. Is going to apply to brain disease patient of other disease if supplement system hereafter, and this research tried to study special quality that standardization is not producing poetic theme width directly and approach.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 1989

The investigation was carried out to identify the main pathogen infected with sheath blight in corn plant during 1986-1987. The main fungi of sheath blight isolated from corn plant was identified as Rhizoctonia sobni. Sheath blight in corn plant was first found in early July and infected extremely from late July to end August. Severe sheath blight disease was observed in Gyeongido (Yeoju and Suweon) and Jeonnam (Kwangju) area. The rate of attack was associatied with management and cultural environments of corn plant. Dense planting increased sheath blight, but application of cattle compost reduced the rate of infection. A positive correlation was found between infection rate of shealth blight and concentration of soluble carbohydrate in corn plant (r=0.96). The varieties of Jinjuok, Suweon 83, Suweon 87, Suweon 89, P.3055, P.3160, DK689 and XCG 51 showed remarkable tolerance to sheath blight disease.