• Title/Summary/Keyword: fire risk reduction

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Case Studies of Firefighter Burns Safety Accident during Fire-fighting Activities (현장 소방활동 중 소방공무원 화상사고 사례 분석 연구)

  • Sin-woong, Choi;So Yun, Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.136-147
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze four cases of firefighter burns in various fire scenes and to find prevention measures to decrease firefighter injuries. Among the analysis reports prepared by the National Fire Research Institute of Korea from 2016 to 2020, four burn-related accidents are summarized and the main causes are conveyed. The four accidents include second-degree burns from using extinguishers during containment of fires; nine firefighters burned due to re-ignition in the LPG car repair shop; two firefighters injured with third-degree burns from using fire extinguishers during life-saving events in residential housing; and injuries from the radiant heat of the tank BLEVE near the factory fire. These cases are comprehensively investigated in their respective scenes and analyzed based on the fire site investigation reports from the fire department and related theoretical explanations of risk for each accident scene. In the third case study, some experimental research is conducted to evaluate the risk involved with the use of safety gloves. This is evaluated by reviewing Fire Tactics and Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) to determine improvements and recommendations for an efficient firefighting response. Results show that the main causes of burn accidents are the insufficient use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety gloves, and the failure to follow firefighting tactics or SOPs. Through the accident investigation and assessment, it is concluded that to reduce the frequency of burn accidents, the performance of firefighting equipment, SOPs, protection tactics, and safety policy systems require improvement.

Analysis of forest fire danger rating on the forest characteristic of thinning area and non-thinning area (숲 가꾸기 실행 및 미실행지의 임분특성에 따른 산불위험도 분석)

  • Lee, Si-Young;Lee, Myung-Woog;Chae, Hee-Min;Won, Myoung-Soo;Yeom, Chan-Ho
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.02a
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 2007
  • Since 1973, we attain a successful achievement of nation-wide afforestation such as a thick forest and heaped-up leaves. However, the higher of the formation density in forest, the more dangerous to be a large-scale forest fire whenever fire occurs. According to the type of forest in the country, 42% of the forest is occupied by conifer forest that are highly flammable, and the distribution of forest age is in a transition period from immature forest to mature one. And the structure is too weak to the forest fire for the occurrence and spread because there are too many scrub and shrub trees in the forest. As a matter of course, it is on the increase of the thinning-forest that can shift the forest structure from a weak on forest fire to a strong one nowaday. In other words, thinning-forest has primary purposes such as the promotion of producing forest trees, production of excellent timbers, and build-up of public forest area. Furthermore, in some reports, the reduction of ladder fuel by eliminating the vertical/horizontal fuel in a forest and ensuring spaces in the forest can decrease the occurrence of forest fire and the risk of spread of burning as by-effect. Therefore, this study is designed to clarify the relation with the risk of forest fire by an on-spat-investigation of the characteristics of forest composition on the thinning and the non-thinning area.

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Risk Assessment and Its Application for the POSCO's Batch Annealing Furnace Gas Systems (광양제철소 소둔로 가스설비에 대한 위험성 평가 및 안전성향상안 제시)

  • Kim Y. S.;Yoo J. H.;Jeong S. Y.;Jang E. J.
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.5 no.2 s.14
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    • pp.9-13
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    • 2001
  • A complete spectrum of risk assessment including qualitative and quantitative approaches were performed for the POSCO's Batch Annealing Furnace (BAF) gas systems. The purpose of BAF is to enhance the quality of steel by annealing it with either hydrogen/nitrogen mixture gas or pure hydrogen gas. Number of gas leak scenarios were identified to generate frequency of their occurrences. With the hypothetical accident scenarios given, fire/explosion impact studies were performed to estimate magnitude of significant consequences. Several different indices were also presented from which practical safety improvement action items could be established.

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Risk Evaluation of Biodiesel (바이오디젤연료 위험성평가)

  • Kwon, Kyung-Ok
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.79-82
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    • 2008
  • Biodiesel is manufactured from vegetable oils, etc. in reaction with methanol so that the product of biodiesel may be dangerous due to the methanol remained of it. The risks of methanol remained in biodiesel were studied by measuring flash points and dynamic viscosity to some samples of biodiesel by adding methanol to a certain percentage of. The results of flash points of biodiesel are decreased in accordance with increasing of methanol in biodiesel and also decreasing the dynamic viscosity. It was shown that the risks of explosion of biodiesel are significantly high due to lower flash points resulted from methanol remained in biodiesel fuel as a reactant or adding to biodiesel for reduction of viscosity.

Consequence Analysis and Risk Reduction Methods for Propulsion Test Facility (추진시험설비의 사고피해영향분석 및 리스크 감소방안)

  • Shin, Ahn-Tae;Byun, Hun-Soo
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.54 no.3
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    • pp.360-366
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    • 2016
  • The Propulsion Test Facilities for the development of Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II are being built, some test facilities are completed and various combustion tests are running. The Propulsion Test Facilities consists test-stand, which carries out tests for engine development model, and various sub-systems and vessels containing LOX and Jet A-1 as propellant. There are always risks of fire and explosion at the test-stand since engine development model is conducted at test-stand with real combustion test with very high pressure, mixed propellant and high energy. In this paper, in order to establish the consequence analysis and risk reduction measures in the Propulsion Test Facilities, followings are considered. 1) a propellant leak accident scenario is assumed in test-stand. 2) TNT equivalent model equation based on blast wave of the explosion was used to analyze blast overpressure and impacts. Also, technical, systematic and managemental measure is described to ensure risk reduction for propulsion test facility.

Study on the Fire Safety Estimation for a Pilot LNG Storage Tank (PILOT LNG저장탱크의 화재안전성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • 고재선;김효
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.57-73
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    • 2004
  • Quantitative safety analysis through a fault tree method has been conducted for a fire broken out over the spilling LNG from a pilot LNG tank, which may have 4 types of scenarios causing potentially risky results. When we consider LNG release from venting pipelines as a first event, any specific radius of Low Flammable Limit(LFL) has not been built up. The second case of LNG outflow from the rupture of storage tank which will be the severest has been analyzed and the results revealed various diffusion areas to the leaking times even with the same amount of LNG release. As a third case LNG leakage from the inlet/outlet pipelines was taken into consider. The results showed no significant differences of LFL radii between the two spilling times of 10 and 60 minutes. Hence, we have known the most affecting factor on the third scenario is an initial amount of LNG release. Finally, the extent of LFL was calculated when LNG pipelines around the dike area were damaged. In addition, consequence analysis has been also performed to acquire the heat radiation and flame magnitude for each case.

A parametric study on the use of passive fire protection in FPSO topside module

  • Friebe, Martin;Jang, Beom-Seon;Jim, Yanlin
    • International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.826-839
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    • 2014
  • Fire is a continuous threat to FPSO topside modules as large amounts of oil and gas are passing through the modules. As a conventional measure to mitigate structural failure under fire, passive fire protection (PFP) coatings are widely used on main structural members. However, an excessive use of PFP coatings can cause considerable cost for material purchase, installation, inspection and maintenance. Long installation time can be a risk since the work should be done nearly at the last fabrication stage. Thus, the minimal use of PFP can be beneficial to the reduction of construction cost and the avoidance of schedule delay. This paper presents a few case studies on how different applications of PFP have influence on collapse time of a FPSO module structure. A series of heat analysis and thermal elasto-plastic FE analysis are performed for different PFP coatings and the resultant collapse time and the amount of PFP coatings are compared with each other.

A comparative study of risk according to smoke control flow rate and methods in case of train fire at subway platform (지하철 승강장에서 열차 화재 시 제연풍량 및 방식에 따른 위험도 비교 연구)

  • Ryu, Ji-Oh;Lee, Hu-Yeong
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.327-339
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to present the effective smoke control flow rate and mode for securing safety through quantitative risk assessment according to the smoke control flow rate and mode (supply or exhaust) of the platform when a train fire occurs at the subway platform. To this end, a fire outbreak scenario was created using a side platform with a central staircase as a model and fire analysis was performed for each scenario to compare and analyze fire propagation characteristics and ASET, evacuation analysis was performed to predict the number of deaths. In addition, a fire accident rate (F)/number of deaths (N) diagram (F/N diagram) was prepared for each scenario to compare and evaluate the risk according to the smoke control flow rate and mode. In the ASET analysis of harmful factors, carbon monoxide, temperature, and visible distance determined by performance-oriented design methods and standards for firefighting facilities, the effect of visible distance is the largest, In the case where the delay in entering the platform of the fire train was not taken into account, the ASET was analyzed to be about 800 seconds when the air flow rate was 4 × 833 m3/min. The estimated number of deaths varies greatly depending on the location of the vehicle of fire train, In the case of a fire occurring in a vehicle adjacent to the stairs, it is shown that the increase is up to three times that of the vehicle in the lead. In addition, when the smoke control flow rate increases, the number of fatalities decreases, and the reduction rate of the air supply method rather than the exhaust method increases. When the supply flow rate is 4 × 833 m3/min, the expected number of deaths is reduced to 13% compared to the case where ventilation is not performed. As a result of the risk assessment, it is found that the current social risk assessment criteria are satisfied when smoke control is performed, and the number of deaths is the flow rate 4 × 833 m3/min when smoke control is performed at 29.9 people in 10,000 year, It was analyzed that it decreased to 4.36 people.

Identification of Hazards for Offshore Drilling through Accident Statistics and JSA-based Risk Reduction (사고 통계 분석을 통한 해양 시추작업 위험요소 제시 및 JSA 기반 위험저감 방안)

  • Noh, Hyonjeong;Kang, Kwangu;Park, Min-Bong;Kim, Hyungwoo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.865-874
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    • 2020
  • Offshore drilling units have a very dangerous working conditions due to the harsh working environment of the ocean and the high possibility of fire or explosion. This study would identify the hazards that emerge from the marine environment in the operation and maintenance phase of offshore drilling units and show how these hazards can be reduced through risk assessment/management. Various risk reduction and management measures were first reviewed, and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) was selected as the risk assessment technique of this study. In order to understand the characteristics of offshore drilling operations, accident statistics of onshore and offshore drilling were analyzed and compared with each other, and major risk factors for offshore drilling were derived. The jobs in which offshore drilling accidents occur more frequently than onshore drilling was analyzed as the job of fastening, transporting and moving pipes and various materials. This result is due to the limited space of the ocean and the work environment that is prone to being shaken by wind, waves and ocean currents. Based on these statistical results, the job of picking and making up drill pipes was selected as a high-risk job, and JSA was performed as an example. A detailed safety check procedure is proposed so that workers can fully recognize the danger and perform work in a safe state that has been confirmed.

Causal Relationship between the Risk-inducing Factors and Safety Inspection and Accident Reduction in Small Construction Sites (소규모 건설현장에서 위험유발요인과 안전점검이 재해 저감 대책에 미치는 인과 관계)

  • Moon, Pil-jae;Kong, Ha-Sung
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.55-70
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to identify the influence of risk-inducing factors and safety inspection on the measures of reducing accidents among workers of building structures in small construction sites. The result can be summarized as follows: First, as for the influence of risk-inducing factors on human factors, preparation for work, disintegrating molds, taking follow-up measures, and keeping records, have statistically significant influences. Therefore, it can be said that safety inspection has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between risk-inducing factors and human factors. Second, as for the influence of risk-inducing factors on facility factors, preparation for work, and taking follow-up measures influenced significantly. This indicates that safety inspection has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between risk-inducing factors and facility factors. Third, as for the influence of risk-inducing factors on management factors, the installation of shores and risk assessment are found to have significant effects. This shows that safety inspection has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between risk-inducing factors and management factors. Fourth, the influence of risk-inducing factors on work factors was significant only in the installation of shores. This indicates that safety inspection has a completely mediating effect in the relationship between risk-inducing factors and work factors. Finally, in the relationship between risk-inducing factors and accident reduction measures, preparation for work, installation of shores, and taking follow-up measures showed significantly positive influences. In contrast, keeping records has a significant negative influence. Thus, safety inspection has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between risk-inducing factors and management factors.