• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1990

This study is to Present the air Pressurization system of staircase as a way to decrease the injury of human life which is suffocated by smoke when the fire break out in building. 1) The best among an air pressurization system of stairshaft Is multiple air Injection system established to be situated an air injection point in each layer. 2) If the air pressurization system is also applied to the elevator accessory room to use commonly, it can prevent from the smoke spreading and pollution inside building caused by stack effect of elevator shaft. 3) For the reasonable and safe escape and air pressurization system must be carried out from the project of basic shape of building under the close cooperation with architect and fire protection expert.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.821-827
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• 2003

Reduced-scale experimental study was carried out on the heat flow behavior which flows under the sloped ceiling in underground fire. Temperature and flow velocity were measured to characterize the ceiling jet along the sloped stairway ceiling. The methanol fuel was used as a model fire source giving 2.2 and 3.4 kW, with changing the slope angle of stairway adopting of 15, 25, 35, and 45 deg. Based on the experimental data, excess temperature and velocity along the sloped stairway ceiling were examined which are usefully applicable to estimate the activating conditions of heat detector and sprinkler head mounted on the sloped ceiling. Excess temperature in upper exit of the sloped stairway was also examined to analyze the soffit which delays the smoke diffusion. The result shows that the activating conditions of heat detector and sprinkler in the sloped stairway ceiling have to be considered differently in a point of about 30 deg.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

There has been a report of fire and explosion accident in regenerated thermal oxidizer (RTO). This paper was to investigate accident causes of RTO in the resin re-treatment process. The experiments carried out physicochemical properties and thermal stability analyses by using flash point tester, flammable range apparatus, autoignition tester, GC/MSD and thermal screening unit. We inferred causes of fire and explosion from the regenerated thermal oxidizer to prevent an accident of its process.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.997-1004
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• 2005

Representative of Korean accidents is that occurrence number of accidents is not many. But the extra-large size disaster like as Taegu subway accident are occurred continuously from multi place. It brings a big problem that people has spirit shock and a life damage nationally and socially. The problem point which brings like this tragic death is caused from the fire confrontation system of absent and human confrontation mistake. Therefore, we need the confrontation plan to overcome these accidents. It will be able to prepare favorably in accident confrontation. In this paper, we analyzed fire accidents case study on domestic and oversea and proposed the plan which confronts encounter to fire accidents in subway system urgently and properly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.77-84
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• 1997

Cone calorimeter measurements can be used for the calculation of effective material properties, which can be used as input parameters in modeling of fire. Main parameter measured in Cone calorimeter is heat release rate. Some other parameters as time to ignition, effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate or total heat released is also measured in Cone calorimeter. Total heat released is important from the point of view of total energy available in material in Fire situation. Cone calorimeter. measurements were done on several wood species (oak, beech, spruce, poplar). Measurements were provided at external irradiances 30, 50 and 65 ㎾/$m_2$ in horizontal orientation. Heat release rate data were evaluated and compared as a function of external irradiance for various species of wood. furthermore the influence of external irradiance on effective heat of combustion and total heat release was also evaluated for the period of flame combustion.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.299-306
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• 2018

As recent Jecheon and Milyang fire cases show, the need for fire disaster training to prepare for a fire disaster continues to grow. In the event of a disaster, people become mentally confused and are called disaster personalities. In order to survive in a disaster, it is necessary to develop the power to overcome the disaster personality by experiencing the disaster situation in advance. Therefore, training to overcome disaster personality is needed, and virtual reality can be a good training means in that it can experience without physical space. In addition, periodic actual disaster evacuation drills should be carried out to compensate for the shortcomings of virtual reality. In order to introduce fire disaster drill using virtual reality and to spread it to the public, the Korea National VR project should be introduced which benchmarked national PC project which succeeded in the past informatization project. Besides, the Korea National Safety Point system should be integrated to cover disaster preparedness training and building reinforcement. If the national VR project and the national safety point system are introduced successfully, Korea will be the basis for escaping the disgraceful nickname of 'disaster republic'.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1993

This study is to know the concept and function of Vital Gate. The results are summarized as follows, 1. Vital Gate is the original of life, which is essential to life. 2. A physiological function of Vital Gate controls the physiological activity of the whole body through Triple Heater. 3. It is said that a partial establishment of Vital Gate is the concept of Hwang Jeong(黃庭) as the central point of the body. 4. It is effective that a clinical application of Vital Gate uses on the basis of Zoagyuyeum(左歸飮) and Woogyuyeum(右歸陰). 5. Fire of the Vital Gate means a original activity of life-activity and is different from the concept of the fire of Pericardium as a substitute for King Fire. 6. It is said that to explain the essence of Vital Gate in relation of kidney is to say the generative function. According to the above results, Vital Gate is understood as the control of physiological activity of the whole body as the original point of life-activity.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.1148-1152
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• 2012

The vegetable-based insulating oils are substitutes for mineral oils in oil-filled transformer. The important properties of vegetable insulating oil is their higher flash/fire point and biodegradability than conventional mineral oils. The large oil-filled transformer eliminate the risk of explosion and fire should the transformer fail and oil ignite owing to high flash/fire point of vegetable insulating oil. In addition, higher biodegradability of vegetable insulating oils can let the oil spill damage reduced. In this experiment, the real oil-filled transformers using mineral oil and vegetable oil have accelerated aging. After working on the 100% accelerated aging experiment were conducted comparing the transformer. The hottest-spot temperature using thermal coefficients were calculated to determin the degree of accelerated aging. As a result, apply mineral oil transformer in accordance with the accelerated aging life come to an end. In contrast, vegetable insulating oils showed the opposite characteristics. Vegetable insulating oil compared to the mineral oil are found to be an long life. As a result, the vegetable oil has a long-term stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2018

In the industrial chemical process involving combustible materials, reliable safety data are required for design prevention, protection and mitigation measures. The accurate combustion properties are necessary to safely treatment, transportation and handling of flammable substances. The combustion parameters necessary for process safety are lower flash point, upper flash point, fire point, lower explosion limit(LEL), upper explosion limit(UEL)and autoignition temperature(AIT) etc.. However, the combustion properties suggested in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are presented differently according to the literatures. In the chemical industries, tetralin which is widely used as a raw material of intermediate products, coating substances and rubber chemicals was selected. For safe handling of tetralin, the lower and flash point, the fire point, and the AIT were measured. The LEL and UEL of tetralin were calculated using the lower and upper flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of tetralin by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $70^{\circ}C$ and $76^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of tetralin using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $78^{\circ}C$ and $81^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of the measured tetralin by the ASTM E659 apparatus was measured at $380^{\circ}C$. The LEL and UEL of tetralin measured by Setaflash closed-cup tester at $70^{\circ}C$ and $109^{\circ}C$ were calculated to be 1.02 vol% and 5.03 vol%, respectively. In this study, it was possible to predict the LEL and the UEL by using the lower and upper flash point of tetralin measured by Setasflash closed-cup tester. A new prediction method for the ignition delay time by the ignition temperature has been developed. It is possible to predict the ignition delay time at different ignition temperatures by the proposed model.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2011

In the disaster prevention design, it is important point to secure escape way at event of fire which makes people away from the fire more quickly and safely. Development of construction techniques leads to build many skyscrapers, and skyscrapers contains various dangers and increase levels of disaster. At basic design stage for skyscrapers, evacuation scenario is considered that occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at fire, but there is no evacuation program to simulate using escape stairs and emergency elevators at the same time. In this study, evacuation simulation is performed using method of VR which is based on Virtools of 3DVIA Co., and Simulex of IES Co. for safety and effectiveness where occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at the fire.