• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2021

Background: Standardized procedures for the clinical application of fire cupping methods have not been established. In particular, the pressure parameters have not been fully characterized and described. Therefore, using various materials, this study investigated the pressure range exerted during fire cupping therapy. Methods: In this study, 3 differently sized (small, medium, large) glass and bamboo cups were used in the cotton ball fire cupping procedure to measure the pressure inside the cup applied to a human skin model. The pressure in each cup was measured 15 times for a total of 90 measurements. Results: A small bamboo cup had the minimum overall pressure (-305.4 mmHg), whereas the large glass cup exerted the maximum pressure (-401.3 mmHg), followed by the medium glass cup, large bamboo cup, small glass cup, and medium bamboo cup. The average pressure exerted by the cotton ball method for all cups ranged from -348.715 mmHg to -358.694 mmHg (95% confidence interval). Overall, the glass cups had a greater pressure than the bamboo cups in all groups (p < 0.001). Among the glass cups used, the larger the size of the cup, the higher the average pressure detected (-381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Large glass cups which are widely used in clinical practice, when used in the fire cupping method exerted pressure ranging from -381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg (95% CI).

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to identify the latest research trends regarding the nonsurgical treatment of rib fractures and suggest the direction for future research. Methods We searched for papers published from January 1, 2015 to July 1, 2022 in PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) based on keywords 'rib fracture'. 'Korean medicine', 'oriental medicine', 'TCM', 'moxibustion', 'acupunture', 'cupping', 'electroacupuncture', 'pharmacopuncture', 'fire needling'. Results A total of 79 studies were searched at first research. Then the studies were screening according to criteria and Finally 20 studies were selected. The oriental medical interventions analyzed in this study were fumigation method, herbal medicine, external application, acupuncture, ointment, herb fomentation, Tending Diancibo Pu far-infrared therapy. Conclusions Various oriental medical interventions such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, fumigation, herb fomentation, ointment, and physical therapy are being studied abroad for the treatment of rib fractures. It is considered that additional research related to the nonsurgical treatment for rib fractures is needed in the future in korea.