• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.855-860
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• 2021

커피는 국내뿐만 아니라 전 세계인들에게 인기 있는 음료로서 그 소비는 점점 늘어나는 추세에 있다. 커피 소비 증가는 커피를 추출하고 발생되는 커피 찌꺼기 또한 증가하고 있으며, 다양한 분야로 재활용을 시도하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 재활용 방법들은 재활용 과정들이 복잡하고 전문적인 기술을 필요로 한다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 커피 찌꺼기, 한천분말, 가루풀을 적정 비율로 배합하여 시멘트 건축마감 재료로 활용하였다. 본 재활용 방법은 제조 방법이 간단하고 시멘트벽에서 방출되는 라돈을 1회 바름으로 2.5시간, 2회 바름으로 3.9시간을 지연시켜 실내 공기질을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 커피 찌꺼기 혼합물을 바른 후 건조과정에서 발생하는 균열을 매우기 위하여 2회 바름으로서 미관적인 완성도와 벽면에서 커피 찌꺼기가 탈락되는 것을 방지할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2022

The breathable film refers to a high-functional film that allows gas and water vapor to pass through very fine and sophisticated pores but not liquid. In this research, the breathable film was prepared based on linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and CaCO₃ particles by extrude method. The LLDPE composite film containing CaCO₃ particles had excellent mechanical properties and functionalties. The drawing is a technologically simple and excellent method for improving the mechanical properties of composite films. In this work, the effects of draw ratio on morphology, crystallinity, pore size distribution, mechanical properties, and water vapor permeability of the films were examined. The results revealed that both surface morphology and breathability were affected by the influence of chain orientation and crystal growth with increasing the draw ratio. The mechanical properties were improved with increasing the draw ratio.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2074-2093
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• 2022

RSA is known as one of the best techniques for securing secret information across an unsecured network. The private key which is one of private parameters is the aim for attackers. However, it is exceedingly impossible to derive this value without disclosing all unknown parameters. In fact, many methods to recover the private key were proposed, the performance of each algorithm is acceptable for the different cases. For example, Wiener's attack is extremely efficient when the private key is very small. On the other hand, Fermat's factoring can quickly break RSA when the difference between two large prime factors of the modulus is relatively small. In general, if all private parameters are not disclosed, attackers will be able to confirm that the private key is unquestionably inside the scope [3, n - 2], where n is the modulus. However, this scope has already been reduced by increasing the greatest lower bound to [d_il, n - 2], where d_il ≥ 3. The aim of this paper is to decrease the least upper bound to narrow the scope that the private key will remain within this boundary. After finishing the proposed method, the new scope of the private key can be allocated as [d_il, d_ir], where d_ir ≤ n - 2. In fact, if the private key is extremely close to the new greatest lower bound, it can be retrieved quickly by performing a brute force attack, in which d_ir is decreased until it is equal to the private key. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is extremely effective when the difference between prime factors is close to each other and one of two following requirement holds: the first condition is that the multiplier of Euler totient function is very close to the public key's small value whereas the second condition is that the public key should be large whenever the multiplier is far enough.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2021

Generating electricity by using water in many energy harvesting system is due to their simplicity, sustainability and eco-friendliness. Evaporation-driven moist-electric generators (EMEGs) are an emergent technology and show great potential for harvesting clean energy. In this study, we report a transpiration driven electro kinetic power generator (TEPG) that utilize capillary flow of water in an asymmetrically wetted cotton fabric coated with carbon black. When water droplets encounter this textile EMEG, the water flows spontaneously under capillary action without requiring an external power supply. First carbon black sonicated and dispersed well in three different solvent system such as dimethylformamide (DMF), sodiumdedecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS-anionic surfactant) and cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB-cationic surfactant). A knitted cotton/PET fabric was coated with carbon black by conventional pad method. Cotton/PET fabrics were immersed and stuttered well in these three different systems and then transferred to an autoclave at 120 ℃ for 15 minutes. Cotton/PET fabric treated with carbon black dispersed in DMF solvent generated maximum current up to 5 µA on a small piece of sample (2 µL/min of water can induce constant electric output for more than 286 hours). This study is high value for designing of electric generator to harvest clean energy constantly.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.13.1-13.9
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the S1 reciprocating system and the D-Race retreatment rotary system for filling material removal and the apical extrusion of debris. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four freshly extracted maxillary canines were shaped with size 10 and size 15 K-files, instrumented using ProTaper Gold under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), obturated according to the principle of thermo-mechanical condensation with gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer, and allowed to set for 3 weeks at 37℃. Subsequently, the teeth were divided into a control group (n = 4), the D-Race rotary instrument group (n = 30), and the S1 reciprocating instrument group (n = 30). After classical retreatment, the canals were subjected to a complementary approach with the XP-Endo Shaper. Desocclusol was used as a solvent, and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl was performed. Each group was divided into subgroups according to the timing of radiographic readings. The images were imported into a software program to measure the remaining filling material, the apical extrusion, and the root canal space. The data were statistically analyzed using the Z-test and JASP graphics software. Results: No significant differences were found between the D-Race and S1 groups for primary retreatment; however, using a complementary cleaning method increased the removal of remnant filling (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Classical removal of canal filling material may not be sufficient for root canal disinfection, although a complementary finishing approach improved the results. Nevertheless, all systems left some debris and caused apical extrusion.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권2D호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2008

오늘날 도로망에 대한 자료기반을 구축하고, 유지 관리하는 것은 교통, 도시계획 등과 같은 많은 사회 전반 업무에서 필수적인 요소로 자리 잡고 있으며, 비상사태 대처나 재난 관리와 같은 많은 중요한 요소들이 그와 같은 자료에 바탕을 두고 있다. 그러나 도로망 자료를 구성하고 보완하는 일에는 높은 비용이 필요하며, 대부분의 시간을 많은 인력에 의존해야 하는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 LiDAR 원시자료로부터 도로관련 자료기반 구축을 위한 도로 포인트 추출을 위하여 정보량 추정의 척도로 사용되는 정보이론적 관점에서의 엔트로피 이론을 도입하여 LiDAR 자료의 표고정보에 대한 엔트로피를 계산함으로써 포인트들을 분류하여 그룹화하고 분류된 그룹들의 반사강도를 이용하여 도로로 예상되는 그룹을 추출하였으며, 법령에서 규정하고 있는 각종 도로 및 시설의 특징을 이용하여 도시지역 LiDAR 원시자료로부터 도로포인트를 자동적으로 추출하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2023

Cellulose is an abundant biodegradable material in nature with excellent properties, but due to its poor processability, it has been widely studied for processing through modification. Cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) is a cellulose derivative in which the hydroxyl group of cellulose is replaced by acetyl and propionyl groups. CAP has several advantages, such as excellent solubility, structural stability, light and weather resistance, and good transparency. Porous nanofibers with excellent specific surface area, which can be applied in various fields, can be easily formed by the phase separation method using highly volatile solvents. High speed centrifugal spinning is a nano/micro fiber preparation method with advantages such as fast spinning and easy alignment control. In this study, a CAP/polybutylene succinate (PBS) spinning solution with chloroform as solvent was prepared to prepare porous microfibers and the fiber morphology was examined as a function of the disk rotation speed in an high speed centrifugal spinning device.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제13권3호통권55호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 RC 기둥의 폭렬방지를 위하여 유기섬유의 혼입방식, 내화보드 부착방식, 스프레이 방식의 폭렬방지공법에 따른 내화특성을 검토하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 굳지않은 콘크리트의 특성으로, 유기섬유의 혼입율이 증가에 따른 유동성은 저하하는 것으로 나타났고, 섬유의 종류에 따라서는 NY섬유를 혼합한 경우 가장 양호하였다. 공기량은 NY섬유가 가장 적게 저하하였고, 그 다음으로 PVA, PP순이었다. 경화 콘크리트의 특성으로, 압축강도는 28일 재령에서 50MPa이상으로 섬유의 혼입율이 증가할 수록 약간 크게 나타났다. 내화시험후 폭렬특성으로, 유기섬유 혼입방식의 경우 PVA섬유를 제외한 PP섬유, NY 섬유는 혼입율 0.05%이상에서 폭렬이 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 스프레이 방식의 경우는 모든 마감재 부분에서 부분적인 폭렬이 발생하였을 뿐, 모재 콘크리트는 폭렬이 발생하지 않고 본래의 형상을 그대로 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 보드방식의 경우는 보편적인 일반 건식공법인 경우를 제외한 건식공법 시공 후 내화페인트로 연결철물을 도포한 경우, 내화모르터로 차폐한 경우, 경량기포 콘크리트로 그라우트 한 경우는 모두 폭렬이 발생하지 않고 본래의 형상을 그대로 유지하고 있었다. 질량감소율은 플레인 콘크리트를 제외한 내화시공공법변화에 따라서 공히 8%미만으로 비교적 양호하게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.823-829
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• 2016

Eight Holstein steers ($216{\pm}48kg$ body weight) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to evaluate effects of wheat straw processing (ground vs pelleted) at two straw inclusion rates (7% and 14%; dry matter basis) in dry rolled or steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets on characteristics of digestion. The experimental design was a split plot consisting of two simultaneous $4{\times}4$ Latin squares. Increasing straw level reduced ruminal (p<0.01) and total tract (p = 0.03) organic matter (OM) digestion. As expected, increasing wheat straw level from 7% to 14% decreased (p<0.05) ruminal and total tract digestion of OM. Digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch, per se, were not affected (p>0.10) by wheat straw level. Likewise, straw level did not influence ruminal acetate and propionate molar proportions or estimated methane production (p>0.10). Pelleting straw did not affect ($p{\geq}0.48$) ruminal digestion of OM, NDF, and starch, or microbial efficiency. Ruminal feed N digestion was greater (7.4%; p = 0.02) for ground than for pelleted wheat straw diets. Although ruminal starch digestion was not affected by straw processing, post-ruminal (p<0.01), and total-tract starch (p = 0.05) digestion were greater for ground than for pelleted wheat straw diets, resulting in a tendency for increased post-ruminal (p = 0.06) and total tract (p = 0.07) OM digestion. Pelleting wheat straw decreased (p<0.01) ruminal pH, although ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and estimated methane were not affected ($p{\geq}0.27$). Ruminal digestion of OM and starch, and post-ruminal and total tract digestion of OM, starch and N were greater (p<0.01) for steam-flaked than for dry rolled corn-based diets. Ruminal NDF digestion was greater (p = 0.02) for dry rolled than for steam-flaked corn, although total tract NDF digestion was unaffected (p = 0.94). Ruminal microbial efficiency and ruminal degradation of feed N were not affected (p>0.14) by corn processing. However, microbial N flow to the small intestine and ruminal N efficiency (non-ammonia N flow to the small intestine/N intake) were greater (p<0.01) for steam-flaked than for dry rolled corn-based diets. Ruminal pH and total VFA concentration were not affected ($p{\geq}0.16$) by corn processing method. Compared with dry rolled corn, steam-flaked corn-based diets resulted in decreased acetate:propionate molar ratio (p = 0.02). It is concluded that at 7% or 14% straw inclusion rate, changes in physical characteristics of wheat straw brought about by pelleting negatively impact OM digestion of both steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets. This effect is due to decreased post-ruminal starch digestion. Replacement of ground straw with pelleted straw also may decrease ruminal pH.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.835-841
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• 2012

본 실험은 저항생제 수준에서 스테비아와 숯의 급여가 돼지의 도체 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 시험구는 일반 기본사료를 기초로 하여 T1(대조구, 기본사료 + 비육전후기 항생제), T2(기본사료 + 0.3% 스테비아 + 0.3% 숯 + 비육전후기 항생제) 및 T3(기본사료 + 0.3% 스테비아 + 0.3% 숯 + 비육전기 항생제)로 나누어 실시하였고, 항생제(oxytetracycline, OTC) 수준은 기존 첨가 수준(110 ppm)의 50%인 55 ppm으로 첨가하였다. 저항생제 돈육생산 가능성을 위하여 비육후기 무항생제 처리를 하였다. 숯과 스테비아, 항생제를 각기 다르게 급여한 돼지의 도체특성에서 A등급 출현율은 T3에서 59%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 등지방 두께는 T2에서 높게 나타났다. 도체장도 T2에서 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 일반성분에서는 모든 처리구에서 유사한 수준을 나타냈다. 육질특성에서 pH는 모든 처리구에서 정상의 범위를 나타내었으며, 보수력은 T3에서 다소 높은 수준이었다. 육즙손실은 T2에서 높은 육즙손실량을 나타내었으며, 가열감량에서도 T2에서 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 전단력은 실험군 간에 차이가 없었다. 육색에서 명도는 T2가 높은 수준이었으며, 근육 내 총콜레스테롤 함량은 T1에서 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 주관적판정에서 T3가 다소 높은 마블링 점수를 나타내었고, 관능검사에서는 T1이 전체기호도에서 다소 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 스테비아와 숯을 먹인 비육후기 무항생제 급여구(T3)가 대조구(T1)와 스테비아와 숯을 먹인 비육전후기 항생제 급여구(T2)와 비교 시 도체 및 육질특성에서 유사한 결과를 나타내는 것으로 보아, 스테비아와 숯이 항생제 대체효과가 있는 것으로 생각되며 저항생제 돈육생산이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.