• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate change of ginsenoside contents in red and fresh ginseng according to root part and age by hydrolysis. Neutral total ginsenoside contents by hydrolysis in 6-year main root and lateral root were significantly increased than those by non-hydrolysis, as 41.6 and 32.8%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in red ginseng. In fresh ginseng, ginsenoside contents of the protopanaxatriol group such as Re, Rf, $Rg_1$, $Rg_2$, and $Rh_1$ were not significantly different, but $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rc, and Rd showed significant difference. The increase rate of neutral total ginsenoside content by hydrolysis was higher in epidermis-cortex than stele. Also, the neutral total ginsenoside content was fine root > rhizome > lateral root > main root, respectively. While there was no tendency towards the increase of ginsenoside by hydrolysis with the increase of root age in fine root and rhizome, there was significant decrease in main root and lateral root.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.8-24
• /
• 1994

수목(樹木)의 뿌리는 수목(樹木)의 생장(生長)과 토양(土壤)의 구조개선(構造改善)에 밀접한 관계가 있음에도 불구하고 지하부(地下部)에 위치하고 있으므로 연구가 미진한 상태이다. 따라서 각 수종(樹種)의 근계(根系)의 발달상태를 파악하는 것은 그 수종(樹種)의 특성 파악과 뿌리가 지표고정(地表固定)에 미치는 영향을 파악하는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 강원도(江原道) 소나무림(林)의 특성을 파악하기 위한 기초연구의 일부로서 일차적으로 강원대학교(江原大學校) 구내(構內) 소나무림(林)의 근계(根系) 형태(形態) 및 분포(分布)에 대하여 규명하였다. 5개의 공시목(供試木)에 대해 조사한 결과 뿌리의 형태(形態)는 수평근(水平根)이 잘 발달되어 있었다. 뿌리의 분포(分布)에 있어서 크기별로는 세근(細根)은 대부분이 점재(点在)(+)하고 있었음, 태근(太根)은 0.2cm가 대부분이었다. 깊이별로는 태근(太根), 세근(細根) 모두가 10~30cm에서 60~70% 이상 집중되었으며, 태근(太根)은 주로 0.9cm 이하였고, 세근(細根)은 대부분이 점재(点在)(+)하고 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.261-275
• /
• 1994

수도권과 그 주변의 33장소의 리기다소나무 숲에서 연륜생장과 잔뿌리의 수직분포를 조사하였다. 생리적 연령이 16년과 20년 사이의 연륜의 생장은 전원지보다 도심지에서 불량하였다. 그리고 최근 5년간 (1985~1989)의 연륜생장은 연령 11년~20년, 연령 21년~30년 및 연령 31년~40년 그룹 모두에서 도심지에서 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 양호하였다. 리기다소나무 잔뿌리의 양은 도심지, 주변지 및 전원지 모두에서 토양의 깊이가 깊어짐에 따라 지수함수적으로 감소하였고, 그 양은 전원지에 비해 도심지에서 매우 적었다. 그리고 전원지의 잔뿌리의 수직분포와 비교해 볼 때, 도심지에서 잔뿌리는 토양층보다 낙엽층에 많이 분포하였다. 그리고 낙엽층 속의 잔뿌리 양과는 유의한 음의 상관이 있었다. 이들 결과로부터 도심지에서 리기다소나무 생장감소는 잔뿌리 생장감소와 잔뿌리의 비정상적인 수직분포에 원인이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.485-489
• /
• 2000

생장이 우수한 인삼모상근 세포주 (KGHR-1, KGHR-5, KGHR-8) 및 6년생 인삼근의 부위별로 ginsenoside 양상 및 생성특성을 조사하였다. 인삼모상근 및 6년생 인상근에서 ginsenoslde-Rb$_1$, Rb$_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg$_1$, Rg$_2$을 확인하였으며, 인삼모상근 세포주간 및 인삼근 부위별로 ginsenoside의 함량은 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 8종류의 ginsenoside함량이 가장 높은 인삼모상근은 KGHR-1 세포주로 17.42 mg/g dry wt와 함량을 나타내었다. 모상근세포주 KGHR-1은 ginsenoside-Rd, Rg$_1$을, KGHR-5는 ginsenoside-Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$을, 그리고 KGHR-8은 ginsenoside-Rd, Re을 상대적으로 많이 생성하는 특징을 지니고 있으며, ginsenoside-Rf의 생성은 매우 낮았다. 6년생 인삼근의 부위별 ginsenoside의 함량은 주근, 지근, 세근순으로 많았으며, 주근에서 ginsenoside-Rc의 생성은 ginsenoside의 50.99%로써 모상근 세포주의 4.90~6.89%보다 매우 높았다. 6년생 인삼근의 총 ginsenoside에 대한 ginsenoside-Rg$_1$의 비율은 3.43~14.18% 수준으로 주근, 지근, 세근순으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 모상관의 17.14~24.43%와 비교할 때 매우 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 따라서 인삼모상근 배양을 통하여 특정 ginsenosides생산이 가능하리라 생각된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2006

The reinforcement of soil shear strength by nylon net as substitute materials simulating a fine root system was evaluated by soil strength parameters(apparent cohesion(c) and internal friction angle(tan${\phi}$), using simple shear tester which clearly depicts shear deformation and controls soil suction. And the results of shear test by using bamboo as a substitute materials simulating a main root system and using nylon net as a substitute materials simulating a fine root system were compared. The reinforcement of soil strength by nylon net are expressed by apparent cohesion more than internal friction angle. In addition the increment of apparent cohesion by nylon net reached a peak in suction 60 $cmH_2O$. Different from with bamboo, the possibility of the change on internal friction angle(tan${\phi}$) caused by the soil water condition was shown in shear strain 20% condition. These results show that the mechanism of reinforcement by substitute materials simulating root system may be different in the condition of various soil water content.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.274-283
• /
• 1998

It has generally been accepted that quality of ginseng should be determined not by the content of a single component but by composition and balance of total active principles. However, there still can be an exception with a product in which a given ginsenoside is used for the treatment of a specific disease. Although ginsenosides have been regarded to be major active components of ginseng and employed as index components for the quality control, it does not consistent with the traditional concept on ginseng quality creterion; main root has been more highly appreciated than the lateral or fine root. Content of ginsenosides in the lateral or fine root is much higher than that in main root. However, the ratio of protopanaxadiol (PD) and protopanaxatriol (PT) saponins existing in various part of ginseng root is greatly different. The ratio of PD/PT saponins in main root is well balanced but the thinner the root is the higher the ratio. Thus far, a total of 34 different kinds of ginsenosides have been isolated from Korean (red) ginseng, and their pharmacological activities were elucidated partly. Interestingly, different ginsenoside shows similar or contrary effects to each other in biological systems, thus indicating the significance of absolute content of single ginsenoside as well as compositional patterns of each ginsenoside. Therefore, pharmacological activities of ginseng should be determined as a wholly concept. In these regards, standardization of ginseng material (fresh ginseng root) should be preceded to the standardization of ginseng products because ginsenoside content and non-saponin active principles such as polysaccharides and nitrogen (N)-containing compound including proteins are significantly different from part to part of the root. In other words, the main root contains less ginsenosides than other lateral or fine roots. Contents of polysaccharides and N-containing compound in main root is higher. However, the quality control of ginseng products focused on non-saponin compounds has limitation in applying to the analytical method, because of the difficult chemical analysis of these compounds. Content of ginsenosides, and ratios of PD/PT and ginsenoside Rb,/Rg, are inversely proportional to the diameter of ginseng root. Therefore, these can be served as the chemical parameters for the indirect method of evaluating from what part of the root does the material originate. Furthermore, contents of polysaccharides and N-containing compounds show inverse relationship to saponin content. Therefore, it seems that index for analytical chemistry of saponin can be applied to the indirect method of evaluating not only saponin but also non-saponin compounds of ginseng. From these viewpoints, it is strongly recommended that quality of ginseng or ginseng products be judged not only by the absolute content of given ginsenoside but also by varieties and compositional balance of ginsenosides, including contents of non-saponin active principles.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제8권8호
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 파인 버블수 처리시 인삼 종묘삼 생장에 미치는 영향 대해서 조사하는 융합연구로써 고년 근 인삼 재배 시 적용 가능성을 높이기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구결과 일반수와 파인버블수를 각각 처리한 종묘삼이 성장함에 따라 지상부와 지하부의 부위별 차이점이 나타났다. 지상부에서는 파인버블수를 처리한 종묘삼이 일반수를 처리한 종묘삼보다 잎의 성장이 약 10%증가 하였고 줄기는 약 6% 성장이 일어났다. 지하부에서는 뿌리길이는 약 5% 증가하고 주근 폭이 약 8% 증가되었고 뿌리 무게는 생중량이 약 9%, 건중량은 약 7%의 무게 증가가 일어났다. 이것은 뿌리전체만 성장한 것이 아니라 주근의 생성이 빨리 되면서 전체적으로 뿌리성장이 약 7% 증가하였다고 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과는 종묘삼의 생육증가가 파인버블수의 특이한 물질적 성질이 종묘삼의 성장에 자극 주었다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 종묘삼을 이용한 초기 연구로써 향후 고년 근 인삼재배에 적용 가능성이 높다고 판단되며 이후 2년 근 인삼재배에서 적용한 연구와 토양조건에 따른 용존 산소량을 조절함으로써 최적 재배조건을 찾아가는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of residual solvents and mineral components(11 kinds) in ginseng extracts with different extracting conditions(5 types) and commercial ginseng extract products(domestic, imported). Fine root was extracted with solution having various ethanol concentration after hexane treatment. Among 5 type extracts, residual solvent(hexane) was detected ginseng extracts treated ethanol mixed with hexane. But extracts that dried after soaked in hexane wasn't detected hexane. Mineral components(Al, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) were detected in fine root and 5 types of extracts. The contents of mineral components between fine root and extracts with various extracting conditions were similar, however, extracts that dried after soaked in hexane showed the lower amount in Al, Fe, Pb than the others. In comparison with commercial ginseng ex-tract products(domestic, imported), the distribution pattern of mineral was similar but the contents were a little different.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.513-518
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of yield, total phenolics, saponin content and composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of various fractions of fine ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) by maceration method in the order of increasing polarity (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water). Butanol fraction showed the highest total saponin content compare to other fractions. Hexane fraction could harvest significantly high ginsenoside Rg2, Rg1, and Rf (p<0.05). And the contents of ginsenoside Rh1, Rg3, and Rg1 showed relatively higher in the fraction of ethyl acetate than other fractions. The system of hexane-chloroform-ethyl aceate-butanol showed relatively high content of ginsenoside Re, Rd, Rc, Rb3, and Rb1. However, the last fraction of water still remained lots of Rb2 content. The fraction of water was the highest phenolics. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of water fraction was higher than the other fractions. In antimicrobial activity, the fraction of hexane showed relatively high antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. And the fractions of the chloroform and ethyl acetate showed higher antimicrobial activities than the other samples in against P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to analyze both the root structure and the fine root phytomass of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Zelkova serrata Makino. which was transplanted in the reclaimed land from the sea in Gwangyang, Jeonnam, South Korea. The base ground was reclaimed land from the sea. $Z_1$ of the planting ground was filled to a $100{\sim}150cm$ thickness with the improved soil instead of the reclaimed soil from the sea, $Z_2$ of the planting ground was covered to a $20{\sim}30cm$ thickness with the improved soil and $Z_3$ of the planting ground was mounded to 120cm thickness with the improved soil on the reclaimed land from the sea. In addition, $Z_4,\;Z_5\;and\;Z_6$ of the planting grounds were at the large-sized mound on the reclaimed land from the sea. $Z_4$ of the planting ground was located at the lowest level, $Z_5$ planting ground was located at the slope and $Z_6$ planting ground was located at the top of the large-sized mound. The large-sized mounds contain 3 layers, the base layer was reclaimed land from the sea and the second layer was mounded to a $200{\sim}300cm$ thickness with the desalinized soil from the sea on the base layers and the finally layers were mounded to a $80{\sim}120cm$ thickness with improved soil on the second layer. The planting grounds $Z_3,\;Z_4,\;Z_5\;and\;Z_6$ developed roots such as tap roots, lateral roots and heart roots. However, in $Z_1\;and\;Z_2$ roots development were inhibited. The fine-root phytomass of the 6 planting ground types was as follows: $113.5g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_5$, $105.5g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_4$, $88.3g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_3$, $81.0g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_6$, $73.0g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_2$, $43.3g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_1$. The vertical distribution of the fine root phytomass decreased from the upper to the deeper soil profiles in the 6 mound types. The fine root phytomass was $43.3{\sim}71.8%$ in a $0{\sim}20cm$ thickness of soil layer and it decreased according to the distance from the nearest trees. The root growth in the improved soil was better than in the reclaimed soil from the sea. However, root growth decreased more in the disturbed soils even though the planting grounds contained the improved soils. The retarded development of roots and the spatial distribution patterns of the fine root phytomass were closely connected to the reclaimed soil from the sea. In the disturbed soil, the soil hardness and alkalic cation($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$). were high and the soil water was lacking. We suggest that the construction of planting grounds and the improvement of bad soil are necessary for the proper and effective growth of landscaping plants.