• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 1989

In order to study spatial variability of soil physical properties accross the land-partitioned boundary on Hwadong silt clay loam soil (Fine clayey, mixed, mesic family of Aquic Hapludalfs), all measured data were analyzed by means of kriging, fractile diagram, smooth frequency distribution, and autocorrelation. Sampling for soil particle size distribution analysis was made at 225 intersections of $15{\times}15$ grid with 10m interval. Field capacity, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured in situ at 594 intersections of $33{\times}18$ grid with 2.5m interval in only $6,000m^2$ reselected from $22,500m^2$ of sampling area for particle size distribution analysis. Sampled or measured soil depths were 0 to 10cm 25 to 35cm and 50 to 60cm at each intersections. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The coefficient of variance (CV) of various physical properties ranges from 4.8 to 128.8%. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is classified into the high variation group with CV greater than 100%, while the low variation group with CV smaller than 10% consists of bulk density. Other properties belong to the medium variation group with CV between 10 and 100%. 2. The appropriate number of soil samples for the determination of various physical properties with error smaller than 10% are calculated as one for bulk density, six for field moisture capacity, 16 for silt, 19 for clay, 69 for sand and 686 for saturated hydraulic conductivity. 3. Smooth frequency distribution and fractile diagram show that saturated hydraulic conductivity is in lognormal distribution while other physical properties are in normal distribution. 4. Serial correlation analysis reveals that the soil physical properties have spatial dependence between two nearest neighbouring grid points. Autocorrelation analysis of physical properties measured between the serial grid points in the direction of south to north following section boundary shows that the zone of influence showing stationarity ranges from 7.5 to 40m. In the direction of east to west across section boundary, the autocorrelogram of many physical properties shows peaks with the periodic interval of 30m, which are similar to the partitioned land width. This reveals that the land-partitioned boundary causes soil variability.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of vitrified blastocyst according to the freezing vessels, equilibration time in cryoprotectant and artificial dehydration method. Methods: Human blastocysts were vitrified after loading onto the plastic straw, open-pulled straw (OPS), electron microscopy grid (EM grid) for 1.5 min or 3 min. They also were directly plunged into LN2 within 30sec. For artificial shrinkage of blastocysts, 36 gauge fine needle was pushed at the cellular junction of the trophectoderm into the blstocoele cavity until it shrank without damage of inner cell mass. Results: The survival rate of vitrified blastocysts on plastic straw, OPS, EM grid as freezing vessels were 26.7, 13.0 and 60.5%, respectively. The survival rate of EM grid was significantly higher than that of plastic straw and OPS (p<0.05). For 1.5 min equilibrium, the survival rates of early blastocyst (EB), middle blastocyst (MB) and late blastocyst (LB) were 64.4, 81.0, and 20.0% respectively. For 3 min equilibrium, the survival rates of EB, MB, and LB were 69.9, 50.0 and 57.5% respectively. The survival rates of EB and MB were significantly higher than that of LB in 1.5 min equilibrium group (p<0.05), however, the significance was not observed in 3 min equilibrium groups. In cytoplasmic shrinkage before vitrification, the survival rates of EB, MB and LB were 92.9, 100 and 75.9% respectively. The survival rate of MB was significantly higher than that of LB (p<0.05). The survival rates of vitrified blastocysts by artificial dehydration and slow-frozen blastocysts were not significantly different as 88.9 and 66.7%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the vitrification of human blastocysts using EM grid and artificial dehydration is an effective method. Therefore, these methods would be an useful techniques for blastocyst cryopreservation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the effect of grid size on dose calculation accuracy using 2 head & neck and 2 prostate IMRT cases and based on this study's findings, we also evaluated the efficiency of a 2D diode array detector for IMRT quality assurance. Dose distributions of four IMRT plan data were calculated at four calculation grid sizes (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mm) and the calculated dose distributions were compared with measured dose distributions using 2D diode array detector. Although there was no obvious difference in pass rate of gamma analysis with 3 mm/3% acceptance criteria for the others except 10 mm grid size, we found that the pass rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 mm grid size were decreased 5%, 20% and 31.53% respectively according to the application of the fine acceptance criteria, 3 mm/3%, 2 mm/2% and 1 mm/1%. The calculation time were about 11.5 min, 4.77 min, 2.95 min, and 11.5 min at 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mm, respectively and as the grid size increased to double, the calculation time decreased about one-half. The grid size effect was observed more clearly in the high gradient area than the low gradient area. In conclusion, 2.5 mm grid size is considered acceptable for most IMRT plans but at least in the high gradient area, 1.25 mm grid size is required to accurately predict the dose distribution. These results are exactly same as the precious studies' results and theory. So we confirmed that 2D array diode detector was suitable for the IMRT QA.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.128-132
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• 2011

In this paper, two automatic mesh generation algorithms are presented. The methods seek to optimize mesh density with regard to geometries exhibiting both fine and coarse physical structures. When generating meshes, the algorithms attempt to satisfy the conditions on the maximum mesh spacing and the maximum grading ratio simultaneously. Both algorithms successfully produce non-uniform meshes that satisfy the requirements for finite-difference time-domain simulations of microwave components. Additionally, an algorithm successfully generates a minimum number of grid points while maintaining the simulation accuracy.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 1991

본 연구는 피로수명 평가를 위한 새로운 파괴역학적 parameter의 확립에 관한 연구이다. 실질적으로 피로파괴가 일어나는 피로 균열선단의 국소영역에서 변형분포를 미소원형격자측정법을 이용하여 실험적으로 명확히 밝혀내었다. 그리고 이 결과를 기초로 하여 국소피로 변형율장을 대표할 수 있는 피로변형율 확대계수 $\Delta$A를 제안하였다. 또한 새로운 parameter $\Delta$A의 유효성을 여러 피로조건에서 검토한 결과, 균열선단 국소 영역에서 피로 변형율 확대계수 $\Delta$A에 의하여 피로 균열전파 속도평가를 일의적으로 나타낼 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2016

In this study, a series of numerical simulation of dam break flow was conducted using EFDC model, and input conditions including cell size, time step, and turbulent eddy viscosity were considered to analyze parameter sensitivity. In case of coarse mesh layout, the propagated length of the shock wave front was ${\Delta}_x$ longer than that of other mesh layouts, and the velocity results showed jagged edge, which can be cured by applying fine grid mesh. Turbulent eddy viscosity influenced magnitude of the maximum velocity passing through gate up to 20% and the cell Peclet number less than 2.0 ensured no numerical oscillations.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2014

This paper describes a variant of the extended Gaussian image based registration algorithm for point clouds with surface color information. The method correlates the distributions of surface normals for rotational alignment and grid occupancy for translational alignment with hue filters applied during the construction of surface normal histograms and occupancy grids. In this method, the size of the point cloud is reduced with a hue-based down sampling that is independent of the point sample density or local geometry. Experimental results show that use of the hue filters increases the registration speed and improves the registration accuracy. Coarse rigid transformations determined in this step enable fine alignment with dense, unfiltered point clouds or using Iterative Common Point (ICP) alignment techniques.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.47-50
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• 2006

In the aeroacoustic application of computational fluid dynamics, the physical phenomena like the crackle in the unsteady compressible jets should be based on very time-accurate numerical solution. The accuracy of the present numerical scheme is extended to the fifth order, using the WENO filter to the sixth-order central difference computation. However, the computational capacity is very restricted by the environment of computational power, so therefore the quadrilateral adaptive grids technique is introduced for this high-order accuracy scheme. The first problem is the multi-dimensional interpolation between fine and coarse grids. Some general benchmark problems are solved to show the effectiveness of this method.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.369-372
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• 2001

This paper presents the design of high-speed virtual output queue(VOQ) management scheme for high performance cell/packet switch, which has a serial cross bar structure. The proposed VOQ management scheme has been designed for wire-speed routing with a pipelined buffer management. It provides the tolerance of requests and grants data transmission latency between the VOQ manager and central arbiter using a new request control method that is based on a high-speed shifter. The designed VOQ manager has been implemented in a field programmable gate array chip with a 77MHz operating frequency, a 900-pin fine ball grid array package, and 16$\times$16 switch size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.572-573
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• 2010

Vibration analysis of Fine-pitch Ball Grid Array (FBGA) packages mounted on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) subjected to harmonic excitation is performed by using finite element method (FEM). A finite element model of a memory module is composed of three main parts, packages, simplified solder balls and bare PCB. At first, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the developed model were confirmed experimentally. Secondly, the harmonic excitation experiment for the module was carried out at the first natural frequency of the memory module, and it was verified with the simulation by using mode superposition method at a constant acceleration.