• 한국농공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1193-1199
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• 1966

More stable and higher yields in rice paddy depend mainly upon an adequately balanced supply of water for higher yield. Rice paddy is supplied naturally by rainfall but inevitably requires artificial supplenental irrigation for higher yields. Even though it may be true that the water requirement of rice plants is generally higher than those of other crops, the submerged condition is not necessarily required for rice. The moisture requirements of rice vary according to its growing stages and it is possible to increse the irrigation efficiency by means of lessening the loss due to percolation and evapolation in the field. This experiment was conducted on the effect of the various amount of water supply and different irrigation periods for yield and yield components, and was carried out to find out the most suitable irrigation method and to increase the irrigation efficiency for higher yields in rice paddy. Randomized block design with 3 replications was employed where the 3 levels of the amount of irrigation water; (120% moisture contents), unirrigated (90~100%) and more un irrigated candition (80~90% moisture content), and levels of the various irrigation periods; usual, initial, intermediate and final periods, being treated. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows: 1. As for the physical and chemical and soil properfies, and other characteristics, there are no differences among the treatments enough to be effective for the growth of rice plants. 2. Culm length was measured after harvest as shown in table 2. 3. Difference of the amount of irrigation water did not change the culm length and ear length, however it also indicated more apparent increase in final treatment plots thatn that of usual. 3. No difference in the number of ears and number of ears pers per hill was founded treatments both in the difference of water supply and in the various irrigation periods. 4. There is no difference in the maturing rate and 1000 grains weight. 5. The number of panicles and grains and more increased in 80~100% moisture contents soil than those of 120%. and it shows in un irrigated plots, more irrigated plots and control plots in turn. Other wise according to the period\ulcorner of irrigation the trend is appeared in turn initial, usual, final and intermediate treatments.6. Yield as shown in table 7. 8 was more increased in unirrigated plots(90~IOO% moisture content) than the control plots (120% moisture content) by up to 8.2% and also 3. 2% in more unirrigated plots than that of control by periods is shown: usual plots final, initial, inter mediate treatment plots in turn. 7. The above resutts lead to the conclusion that no remarkable, differences in yields and soil properties are made by the unirrigation. However, it is apparent that this treatment has .some advantages in the points that one could spare the amount of water supply for irrigation with more increase in yield. In addition, a higher temperature and a brisk oxygen supply would be possible throug h this treatments. Accordingly, these treatment would be a more reasonable and economical cultivation method of rice for the better harvest.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1995

목질보드 제조에 있어 매트의 최종함수율은 에너지가 필요한 목질 엘리먼트의 초기 건조공정이나 열압싸이클공정, 목질보드의 균질정합성, 목질재료의 물리 기계적 성질 및 치수안정에 지대한 영향을 주기 때문에 대단히 중요하다. 지금까지 PB에 대한 최종매트의 함수율에 대한 연구는 많이 보고되어 있으나 요소수지로 제조되는 MDF에 대한 연구보고는 없으며 미국과 한국을 위시한 각국이 MDF의 최종함수율을 PB에 준하여 8~11%로 조정하여 MDF를 제조하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 미국산 침엽수 혼합수종으로부터 제조된 가압 해섬섬유와 요소수지로 제조된 MDF의 물리 기계적 성질에 관련된 적정 최종매트 함수율을 규명하고자 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 혼합 침엽수 원료로부터 제조된 요소수지제조 MDF의 적정 최종 매트 함수율은 13% 부근으로서 현재 MDF공장에서 적용되고 있는 8~11%보다 높았다. 2 평판이 시작되는 최종매트 함수율은 15.4%였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2015

본 연구는 압출성형 된 옥수수 섬유질로부터 화학적 추출을 통해 SAX와 CFG 수율을 향상시키기 위해 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 최적의 압출성형조건을 확립하였다. 압출성형공정 조건 중 수분함량($X_1$), 스크루 회전속도($X_2$), 배럴온도($X_3$)를 독립 변수로 하고 옥수수 섬유질의 residual solid, final solution, 그리고 CFG의 수율과 각각의 SAX값을 종속 변수로 하여 화학적으로 추출 하였다. 그 결과, 수율의 경우 final solution은 EDCF가 DCF보다 낮은 경향을 보였고, residual solid와 CFG의 경우, EDCF가 DCF보다 높은 경향을 나타내었다. SAX값은 모든 조건의 EDCF가 DCF보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 각각의 결정된 최적의 압출성형 조건에서 분석한 결과 모든 조건에서 예측값과 결과값이 유사하여 반응표면 분석의 결과가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과에서 반응표면 분석법이 압출성형 공정에 의한 CFG의 수율과 총 SAX값의 최적화를 위한 적절한 방법 중 하나라는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1521-1521
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• 2001

The objective of the research being presented was to construct and calibrate a spectrometer for the analysis of single kernels of corn. In light of the difficulties associated with capturing the spatial variability in composition of corn kernels by single-beam spectrometry, a hyperspectral imaging spectrometer was constructed with the intention that it would be used to analyze single kernels of corn for the prediction of moisture and oil content. The spectrometer operated in the range of 750- 1090 nanometers. After evaluating four methods of standardizing the output from the spectrometer, calibrations were made to predict whole-kernel moisture and oil content from the hyperspectral image data. A genetic algorithm was employed to reduce the number of wavelengths imaged and to optimize the calibrations. The final standard errors of prediction during cross-validation (SEPCV) were 1.22% and 1.25% for moisture and oil content, respectively. It was determined, by analysis of variance, that the accuracy and precision of single-kernel corn analysis by hyperspectral imaging is superior to the single kernel reference chemistry method (as tested).

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.863-877
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• 1996

A drying model to predict the drying process in continuous dryer was developed and proved by drying experiments. The experiment showed that the difference of moisture contents between the predicted and the observed was within 0.5%(wb). There was no cracked rice found even in high drying rate with the inlet moisture content over 23%(wb), and tempering treatment in the same temperature reduced the ratio of cracked rice. There was a little difference in the ratio of cracked rice between 40$^{\circ}C$ and 45$^{\circ}C$ drying temperatures with the final drying moisture content (14.5% wb), and the cracked rice increased at 55$^{\circ}C$. As a results, it was better to make fast drying on the rice over 23%(wb) inlet content it was recommended to keep drying at 45$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of brine pre-soaking at different concentrations and drying time on the quality characteristics of pork jerky. The physicochemical properties of pork jerky including final moisture content, water activity ($a_w$), shear force, microstructure, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were investigated. The sensory attributes of pork jerky were evaluated and used as parameters for determining the optimum drying condition. The sliced pork samples were pre-soaked at salt concentrations ranging from 0 to 10% for 3 h and then dried at $70^{\circ}C$ for up to 10 h. The pre-soaked samples in the salt solution showed higher final moisture content than the control sample after drying for 10 h. The final moisture content of pork jerky increased with increasing salt concentrations. On the other hand, the water activity with regards to the pre-soaked samples in a 10% salt solution showed the lowest value for up to 8 h drying. The shear force values of pork jerky decreased with increasing salt concentration while the TBARS values of the samples increased with increasing salt concentrations. Sensory evaluation suggested that the color, flavor, juiciness, and tenderness of the pork jerky samples were improved by pre-soaking in a 2% salt solution and the highest likeability score of pork jerky among the samples were obtained by pre-soaking in a 2% salt solution prior to drying.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.229-244
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine proper fan and heater management schemes for natural air drying of rough rice in round steel bin with stirring device under Korean weather conditions. A computer simulation model was developed to predict moisture content changes, energy requirements, and drymatter losses during drying of rough rice by natural air. Drying test was conducted to validate the simulation model using round steel bin of holding capacity of 300ton at Rice Processing Complex in Jincheon. The bin was filled with rough rice every day and mixing by stirring device. Moisture contents, ambient air temperatures, relative humidities, static pressures in plenum chamber in the bin, airflow rates, and electrical and fuel energy were measured. Relative errors of moisture content changes predicted by the simulation model were below 5ft, and relative errors of final moisture content, final grain weight, required energy ranged from 0.9% to 6%. These not levels indicated that the simulation model can satisfactorily predict the performance factors of natural air drying system such as drying rates and energr consumptions comparing error level of 10% to 15% in other drying simulation models generally used in dryer desists. Twelve different fan and heater management schemes were evaluated using the computer simulation model based on three hourly weather data from Suweon for the period of 1952-1994. The best management schemes were selected comparing the drymatter losses, required drying times, required energy consumptions. Operating fan without heating only when ambient relative humidity was below 85% or 90% appeared to be the most effective method of In operation in favorable drying weather. Under adverse drying climates or to reduce required drying time, operating fan continuously, and heating air with $1.5^{\circ}C$ temperature rise only when ambient relative humidity was over 85% appeared to be the most suitable method.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 1996

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of cultivar and tedding frequency on changes of moisture content of oat(Avena sativa L.) hay during field drying and on quality of baled oat hay after storage. The experimental design was a split-plot with the four oat cultivm such as 'Magnum', 'Cayuse', 'West' and 'Murray' as main plots and the two tedding frequencies such as 1 or 3 times a day as subplots in three replications. Moisture content of fresh cut oat cultivar was higher in the order of 'Magnum', 'Cayuse', 'West', and 'Murray' and the moisture content difference among the cultivm was maintained to the final curing day(P< 0.05). Moisture loss from the oat hay during the last 3 curing days was greater with 3 tedding a day than I tedding a day. Temperature of baled oat hay began to rise critically from the 6th day of storage and wa5 highest in 'Magnum' oat cultivar($45.3^{\circ}C$). Total nitrogen and ADIN contents of late maturing oat hay 'Magnum' and 'Cayuse' were higher than those of early maturing 'Murray' and 'West'. Tedding frequency did not influence total nitrogen and ADIN contents. ADF and NDF contents of early maturing oat hay were higher than those of late maturing oat hay. Relative feed value (RFV) of 'Magnum' oat hay was the highest(l06) and classified as Grade 2 in forage quality standard. Quality grade difference between early and late maturing oat cultivan was only 1 or 2.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

본 연구는 수평 원통형 퇴비화 장치를 이용하여 퇴비를 생산할 때, 폐사축을 동시에 처리할 수 있는 가능성 여부를 판단하기 위하여 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 중금속의 경우, 아연의 함유량이 일반 운전의 일부 측정구와 폐사축 운전의 전체 측정구에서 허용함유량 보다 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 폐사축 운전의 경우, 구리 함량도 일반 운전에 비해 높게 나타났다. 우드칩 운전의 경우, 모든 중금속이 허용치보다 낮게 나타났으며, 구리, 카드뮴 및 비소의 경우는 폐사축 운전과 유사하거나 동일 수준으로 나타났다. 단지 니켈의 함유량이 29.5~63.8% 정도로써 일반 및 폐사축 운전에서 각각 9.3~18.0% 및 15.8~18.0% 정도 함유한 것에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 그리고 크롬의 경우도 14.2~31.9% 정도로서 일반 및 폐사축 운전에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 통합 운전의 경우도 모든 중금속이 허용치보다 낮게 나타났으며, 구리와 아연의 함유량은 각각 34.9~54.5% 및 53.1~75.9% 정도로서 우드침 운전의 경우인 48.9~52.6% 및 64.6~85.9% 정도와 유사하였다. 그리고 우드칩 운전에서 다소 높게 나타났던 크롬과 니켈의 함량도 안정화 된 것으로 나타났다. 함수율은 폐사축 운전의 경우, 평균 및 최종치가 60.7% 및 49.6% 정도로서 평균치가 권장치인 55.0% 보다 다소 높게 나타났지만, 최종 함수율은 권장치인 55.0% 보다 낮게 나타났다. 통합 운전의 경우, 평균 및 최종 함수율이 각각 29.2% 및 18.6% 정도로서 4개의 운전 중에 상대적으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 운전별로 다소차이는 있지만, 전체적으로 권장치인 55.0% 보다 낮게 나타났다. C/N비의 경우, 폐사축 운전에서 상대적으로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 일반 운전에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 운전별로 보면, C/N비의 평균치가 13.7~20.3 정도의 범위이고, 전체평균이 18.3 정도로서 전체적으로 적정치인 30.0 이하를 유지하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2005

매립은 폐기물의 최종처분방법으로 광범위하게 이용되며, 매립된 폐기물은 미생물의 활동에 의해 분해된다. 미생물에 의한 생분해는 수분함량, 산화환원전위, pH, Alkalinity, 황산염, 영양물질과 미량원소, 방해인자, 미량이온, 온도와 같은 여러 인자에 의해 영향을 받는다. 특히, 수분은 미생물의 활성에 주요한 인자이다. 본 연구에서는 수분이 고형폐기물(MSW)의 분해에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 총 8기의 모의매립조에 고형폐기물을 충전하였고, 수분함량을 20, 30, 40, 50% 4개로 하여 운전하였다. 그 결과 수분함량이 높을수록 $CO_2$의 농도가 높았고, 매립가스 또한 많이 발생 하였다. 이는 수분함량이 높을수록 미생물 분해가 효과적임을 의미한다.