• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.533-544
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• 2006

The amplitude and phase lag of surface deformation were determined for a compliant coating under the action of turbulent pressure fluctuations. For this purpose, pressure fluctuations were measured experimentally. The amplitude and duration of coherent wave train of pressure fluctuations were investigated using digital filtration. The transient response was calculated for stabilization of forced oscillations of the coating in approximation of local deformation. The response of coating was analyzed with considerations of its inertial properties and limited duration of coherent harmonics action of pressure fluctuations. It is shown that a compliant coating interacts not with the whole spectrum of pressure fluctuations, but only with a frequency range near the first resonance. According to the analysis, with increasing elasticity modulus of the coating material E, deformation amplitude decreases as 1/E, and dimensionless velocity of the coating surface decreases as $1/\sqrt{E}$. For sufficiently hard coatings, deformation amplitude becomes smaller than the thickness of viscous sublayer, while surface velocity remains comparable to vertical velocity fluctuations of the flow.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2003년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

A pilot scale biofilter pretreatment-microfiltration system (BF-MF) was operated to investigate the effect of biofilter treatment in fouling reduction of microfiltration. Biofiltration was expected to reduce the membrane fouling by removal of turbidity and metal oxides. The hollow-fiber MF module with a nominal pore size of 0.1$\mu$m and a surface area of 8m$^2$ was submerged in a filtration tank and microfiltration was operated at a constant flux of 0.5 m/d. Biofiltration using polypropylene pellets was performed at a high filtration velocity of 320 m/d. Two experimental setups composed of MF and BF/MF, i.e., without and with biofilter pretreatment, were compared. Throughout the experimental period of 9 months, biofilter pretreatment was effective to reduce the membrane fouling, which was proved by the result of time variations of trans-membrane pressure and backwash conditions. The turbidity removal rate by biofiltration varied between 40% to 80% due to the periodic washing for biofilter contactor and raw water turbidity. In addition to turbidity, metals, especially Mn, Fe and Al were removed effectively with average removal rates of 89.2%, 67.8% and 64.9%, respectively. Further analysis of foulants on the used membranes revealed that turbidity and metal removal by biofiltration was the major effect of biofiltration pretreatment against microfiltration fouling.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2006

In the drinking water treatment, the aesthetic and color problem are caused by the manganese which is occurring and present in the surface, lake and ground water. The most common treatment processes for removing manganese are known for oxidation followed by filtration. In this study, the manganese sand process was used for removing manganese with river bank filtrate as a source. In the manganese sand process, the residual chlorine and pH are important factors on the continuous manganese oxidation. In addition, space velocity (SV) and alum dosage are play a role of manganese removal. Even though manganese removal increased with increasing chlorine concentration, the control of residual chlorine is actually difficult in this process As the results of tests, the residual chlorine concentration as well as manganese removal were effectively achieved at pH 7.5. The optimum attached manganese concentration on manganese sand was confirmed to 0.3mg/L by the experimental result of a typical sand converting to manganese sand.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.175-189
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• 2013

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with sludge retention time (SRT) of 300 days was maintained for over 2 years. Polypropylene microfiltration (MF) membrane with pore size of 0.2 ${\mu}m$ was used in the MBR system. The fouling behaviors of various sludge fractions from the MBR were studied and sub-divided resistances were analyzed. It was observed that $R_{cp}$ was a dominant resistance during the filtration of activated sludge, contributing 63.0% and 59.6% to the total resistance for MBR and sequential batch reactor (SBR) respectively. On the other hand, $R_c$ played the significant role during the filtration of supernatant and solutes, varying between 54.54% and 67.18%. Compared with $R_{cp}$ and $R_c$, $R_{if}$ was negligible, and $R_m$ values remained constant at $0.20{\times}10^{12}m^{-1}$. Furthermore, resistances of all sludge fractions increased linearly with rising mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration and growing trans-membrane pressure (TMP), while the relationship was inversed between fraction resistances and cross flow velocity (CFV). Among all fractions of activated sludge, suspended solid was the main contributor to the total resistance. A compact cake layer was clearly observed according to the field emission scanning electro microscopy (FE-SEM) images.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.84-94
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• 1976

Cellulase components, CMCase(Cx) and Avicelase$(C_1)$, were partially prueified, from the culture extract of a strain of Trichoderma koningii by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and the step of gel filtration through Sphadex G-150, Optimum pH of CMCase was 5.2 and Avicelase showed the highest activity at pH 5.6 in acetate buffer. Optimal temperatures for activities of CMCase and Avicelase were $50^{\circ}C\;and\;60^{\circ}C, $ respectively. More than 70% of the activities of two enzymes were remained after heating at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and Avicelase is more stable than any other fungal enzymes. The Michaelis constants, Km, of CMCase and Avicelase were 0.116% of CMC and 0.281% of avicel. And also the values of maximum velocity, Vmax, of CMCase and Avicelase were $23.20{\mu}g\;and\;2.54{\mu}g$ of reducing sugar per min. Of the metal ions tested against the activites of CMCase and Avicelase, $Cu^{++}, \; Hg^{++}, \;and\;Pb^{{++}$ are remarkably effective inhibitors. The molecular weights of Cx and $C_1$ component were estimated to be about 47, 000 and 61, 000 by gel filtration method.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.801-809
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to predict the reflection distance following to the pulsing pressure, total air supplying, filter bag size using numercial analysis techniques and use it as an efficient operation condition and economic data for off-line type pulse air jet bag filter. In this research, filtration area 6 m² condition, calculate filter resistance coefficient for simulation through the main experiments using coke dust. Ansys fluent V19.0 apply to CFD simulation, and analysis pulsing characteristics about pulsing pressure, filtration velocity and nozzle diameter. The maximum reflecting distance of off-line type pulse air jet bag filter is 1,000 mm regardless of total air supplying at over the 42 L/m² conditions, that indicates off-line type can extend filter bag length 1,000 mm than on-line type. In order to effective primary and secondary pulsing of off-line type pulse air jet bag filter, over the 5 bar of pulsing pressure and over the 42 L/m² of total air supplying are needed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2010

The pressure drop through pulse air jet-type bag filter is one of the most important factors on the operating cost of bagfilter houses. In this study, the pilot-scale pulse air jet-type bag filter with about 6 m2 filtration area was designed and tested for investigating the effects of the four operating conditions on the total pressure drop, using the coke dust collected from a steel mill factory. When the face velocity is higher than 2 m/min, it is not applicable to on-spot due to the increase of power expenses resulting from a high-pressure drop, and thus, 1.5 m/min is considered to be reasonable. The regression analysis results show that the degree of effects of independent parameters is a order of face velocity > concentration > time > pressure. The results of SPSS answer tree analysis also reveal that the operation time affects the pressure drop greatly in case of 1 m/min of face velocity, while the inlet concentration affects the pressure drop in case of face velocity more than 1.5 m/min.

• 멤브레인
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.193-201
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• 1999

기존의 정수처리 공정인 응집 침전 과정을 대체하여 분리막을 이용한 상수처리 시스템의 개발을 목적으로한다. 따라서 4가지 형태의 정수처리 공정과 분리막의 분획 분자량을 변화시켰을 때 막 투과수의 변화와 안정적이며 높은 투과수를 얻기 위해 필요한 운전 조건의 최적화를 실험하였다 실험결과 한외여과막이 정밀여과막보다 막 투과수 감소경향이 완만했으며 초기 투과수 회복율은 더 높았다. 수질 분석의 결과 한회여과막이 정밀 여과막보다 우수하였지만 전처리에 의한 차이는 나지 않았다. 운전 조건에 따른 flux 는 온도, 선속도가 높을수록 압력이 낮을수록 flux 감소율이 적은 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.361-367
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• 1995

This study has been carried out to investigate the filteration performance of Electrostatically Stimulated Fabric Filter(ESFF) at high temperature condition. The electric field was maintained parallel to the fabric surface. The benefits of ESFF are lower residual pressure drop, improvement of fine particle removal efficiency and increasing reduced rate of pressure drop during a filteration cycle, stable operation at higher filtering velocities. According to the variance of filtering velocities and dust loadings, the results are summarized as follows; By imposing an electric field on the filter, the reduced rate of pressure drop was 7.sim.18% at room temperature, and when filtering velocity was 1.8m/min and dust loading was 1g/m$^{3}$, the value of reduced rate of pressure drop was shown the highest. Under the electric field around the filter, the reduced rate of pressure drop was 10.sim.35% at high temperature, and when filtering velocity was 1.8m/min and dust loading was 1g/m$^{3}$, the value of reduced rate of pressure drop was shown the highest. Most of all, at high temperature, the value of reduced rate of pressure drop was resulted to 25%. Also the collecting efficiency was shown clearly improved. By the SEM photo analysis, the number of penetrated particles at the Conventional Fabric Filter was approximately two times that of Electrostatically Stimulated Fabric Filter.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2018

강우사상이 발생함에 따라 시설용량을 초과하여 미처리된 상태로 방류수계에 직접 배출되는 합류식 관거 월류수(Combimed Sewer Overflows, CSOs) 및 분류식 관거 월류수(Separated Sewer Overflows, SSOs)의 관리는 집중호우가 잦아지는 근래에 들어 그 관리가 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 밀집도가 높은 도심지에 적용성이 유리한 여과기술은 지속적인 개발이 이루어지고 있음에도 불구하고 CSOs에 적용된 사례가 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 로프형 섬유여재가 적용된 Pilot 규모의 수평흐름식 여과장치를 CSOs에 적용하기 위해 공정최적화를 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구방법은 인공시료를 적용한 사전연구와 하수를 적용한 현장연구로 구분하여 수행하였다. 인공시료를 적용한 사전연구에서 여재 자체의 손실수두는 약 1.1cm정도로 분석되었고, 선속도 10m/hr 증가에 따라 약 0.1cm 정도의 손실수두 증가를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, SS 제거효율은 81.4% 정도로 안정적이었고, 여과지속시간은 6시간 이상 유지되었으며, 공기역세척만으로도 98% 정도의 손실수두 평균 회복율을 보였다. 하수를 적용한 현장평가에서는 여재의 조기폐색을 방지하기 위한 전처리공정으로 벨트 형 미세스크린(450mesh 이상)를 적용했을 때 2시간 내외의 여과지속시간을 확보할 수 있었고, 평균 83.9%의 SS 제거효율을 나타내었다. CSOs 및 SSOs에 여과공정 적용을 위해서는 효율적 측면보다 여과지속시간의 안정적 유지를 위한 수리적 측면을 보완하기 위해서 전처리공정과의 조합이 중요하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 건기와 비교하여 우기의 유입하수 수질은 다소 낮은 보였으며, 이는 분류식 관거 비율이 높은 배수구역의 특성 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 우기와 건기의 유입수질에 따른 제거효율 차이는 미미하였다.