• Title/Summary/Keyword: filtration

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Comparison of Efficiency between Pre-storage and Post-storage filtration by Leukoreduction Blood Filter

  • Shin, Geon Sik;Kim, Bohee;Kim, Sung Hoon;Rhee, Ki-Jong;Kim, Yoon Suk
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 2017
  • Leukocytes in blood components are involved in diverse adverse transfusion reactions such as febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions. Therefore, leukocyte reduction is required to reduce these adverse reactions. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of pre-storage filtration and post-storage filtration. Filtration time, residual leukocyte count, RBC recovery, and hemolysis were assessed after pre-storage or post-storage filtration. Compared to pre-storage filtration, filtration time was prolonged and hemolysis was dramatically increased when post-storage filtration was performed. Residual leukocytes count and RBC recovery after post-storage filtration were similar with those obtained after pre-storage filtration. These results suggest that pre-storage filtration has better efficiency than post-storage filtration. These are thought to contribute to the production of better quality of leukoreduction blood components.

Comparison of operational efficiency between sand-filtration process and membrane filtration process (모래여과 공정과 막여과 공정의 운영효율 비교)

  • Byeon, Kwangjin;Jang, Eunsu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.529-537
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    • 2017
  • Membrane filtration process is an advanced water treatment technology that has excellently removes turbidity and microorganisms. However, it is known that it has problems such as low economic efficiency and the operating stability. Therefore, this study was to evaluate on the economical feasibility and operational stability comparison of membrane and sand filtration process in Im-sil drinking water treatment plant. For the economic analysis of each process, the electricity cost and chemical consumption were compared. In the case of electric power consumption, electricity cost is $68.67KRW/m^3$ for sand filtration and $79.98KRW/m^3$ for membrane filtration, respectively. Therefore, membrane filtration process was about 16% higher than sand filtration process of electricity cost. While, the coagulant usage in the membrane filtration process was 43% lower than the sand filtration process. Thus, comparing the operation costs of the two processes, there is no significant difference in the operating cost of the membrane filtration process and the sand filtration process as $85.94KRW/m^3$ and $79.71KRW/m^3$ respectively (the sum of electricity and chemical cost). As a result of operating the membrane filtration process for 3 years including the winter season and the high turbidity period, the filtrated water turbidity was stable to less than 0.025 NTU irrespective of changes in the turbidity of raw water. And the CIP(Clean In Place) cycle turned out to be more than 1 year. Based on the results of this study, the membrane filtration process showed high performance of water quality, and it was also determined to have the economics and operation stability.

Study on the Total Analyses of Cake Filtration with Filtration-Permeation Method (여과-투과 방법에 의한 케이크 여과의 전체적인 해석)

  • Yim, Sung-Sam;Song, Yun-Min
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.74-81
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    • 2007
  • Using the new experimental method named "filtration-permeation", the average specific resistances which plays an important role in designing cake filtration apparatus and the development of cake filtration theory were measured in this study. By this new experimental method, two kinds of average specific resistances are measured. The one from the filtration is named 'filtration average specific resistance $\alpha_{avf}$, and the other from the permeation of particle eliminated water through the pre-formed cake is named 'permeation average specific resistance $\alpha_{avf}$. The "filtration-permeation" method is applied to three different kind of suspensions(i.e. particulate suspension, pre-flocculated suspension and macro-molecule suspension) to obtain filtration and permeation average specific resistances. A theoretical procedure of cake filtration is studied based on the values of permeation average specific resistance. With the study it was concluded that the influence of the sedimentation during particlulate filtration operation could not be ignored as commonly used. And the solid content of suspension, S, which also regarded usually as constant, changes during filtration of particles. It is also verified that the exact value of solid content of cake for floe filtration could not be obtained. These significant problems are all solved by our new "filtration-permeation" experimental method.

The Improvement of Cake Filtration Rate using CO2 Gas Saturation (이산화탄소(CO2) 가스에 의한 케이크 여과속도의 향상)

  • Yim, Sung Sam;Song, Yun Min
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.468-475
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    • 2006
  • For the filtration of super compactible cake, the high filtration pressure can not improve filtration rate. As the high pressure, in this case, decreases the cake porosity adjacent to filter medium and thus forms 'dense skin' which decreases the rate of liquid flow in a great extent. Actually, there was no method to improve filtration rate for the filtration with super compactible cake. We propose the saturation of $CO_2$ gas into the suspension before the filtration operation for improving the filtration rate. The dissolved $CO_2$ gas transforms itself into gas phase in the dense skin through which the pressure changes dramatically. The gas secures its space inside the dense skin, and finally forms the flow passages which improve the filtration rate.

Study on Filtration Characteristics of Wood Pulp and Non-Wood Fiber (목재펄프 및 비목재 섬유의 여과제 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Jun-Hyung;Han, James S.;Lee, Beom-Goo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.86-91
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    • 1998
  • The drainage was used to determine the specific filtration resistance for wood and non-wood fibers. The drainage rate is also affected by factors that can be changed on consistency, pressure drop across the mat, basis weight, additives, and viscosity. Recent development of theoretical studies in flow through porous media and filtration operation emphasize the urgent need for more accurate data for porosity and specific filtration resistance. This study was investigated to determine specific filtration resistance of Hw, Sw-BKP and Kenaf fiber by filtration experimental. Freeness levels selected were 150,250,and $350m\ell$ CSF. The average specific filtration resistance decreased as freeness increased and resistance of Sw-BKP was greater than that of Hw-BKP. The filtrate and porosity increased and specific filtration resistance decreased as particle size of fiber increased.

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Evaluation of Extended Canine Semen after Different Filtration Treatment (개 희석 정액의 다양한 filtration 처리 후 정자평가)

  • Kim, Yong-Jun;Kim, Jin-Young;Kim, Sue-Hee;Lee, Young-Jun
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.577-583
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    • 2007
  • It is important to obtain semen with good quality for efficient fertilization and pregnancy. To obtain these semen, various methods have been developed but most of these methods are time consuming and require costly equipment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the usability of column filtration system as quick and simple method to get sperm with better quality. Ejaculates were obtained from 5 dogs and analyzed with basic quality parameters before each filtration. Sperm concentration was adjusted to $5{\times}10^7/ml$ after dilution. The experimental groups were divided into non-filtered group(control) and filtered groups(glass wool, Sephadex 5% and Sephadex 20%). Ejaculates were filtered through each filter system and assessed by recovery rate of sperm, motility, normal morphology, CFDA/PI stain and plasma membrane integrity(hypo-osmotic swelling test, HOST). The lowest recovery rate of spermatozoa was recorded in glass wool filtration group, followed by 20% Sephadex filtration group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference between control(non-filtered) and 5% Sephadex filtration poop. Also, there was no significant difference of sperm motility assessed under light microscope among experimental groups. Morphological normality of canine spermatozoa was the highest in the glass wool filtration group and the lowest in the 5% Sephadex filtration group with no significant differences versus 20% Sephadex filtration and control group, respectively(p<0.05). Viability of canine sperm assessed by CFCA/PI staining was the highest in the glass wool filtration poop with no significant difference versus the control group, and the lowest in the 20% Sephadex filtration group with no significant difference versus 5% Sephadex filtration group, respectively(p<0.05). HOS values of canine sperm was the highest in the 20% Sephadex filtration group with no significant difference versus 5% Sephadex filtration group, and the lowest in the control poop with no significant difference versus glass wool filtration group, respectively(p<0.05). Therefore, these results indicated that filtration treatment for extended canine sperm would be useful method to get sperm with better quality by trapping the damaged sperm, consequently filter would be physical barrier against injured or immotile sperm.

Rigorous Modeling of Single Channel DPF Filtration and Sensitivity Analysis of Important Model Parameters (단일 채널 DPF의 PM 포집 모델링 및 모델 파라미터의 민감도 해석)

  • Jung, Seung-Chai;Park, Jong-Sun;Yoon, Woong-Sup
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2006
  • Prediction of diesel particulate filtration is typically made by virtue of modeling of particulate matter(PM) collection. The model is closed with filtration parameters reflecting all small scale phenomena associated with PM trapping, and these parameters are to be traced back by inversely analyzing large-scale empirical data-the pressure drop histories. Included are soot cake permeability, soot cake density, soot density in the porous filter wall, and percolation constant. In the present study, a series of single channel DPF experiment is conducted, pressure histories are inversely analyzed, and the essential filtration parameters are deducted by DPF filtration model formulated with non-linear description of soot cake regression. Sensitivity analyses of model parameters are also made. Results showed that filtration transients are significantly altered by the extent of percolation constant, and the soot density in the porous filter wall is controlling the filtration qualities in deep-bed filtration regime. In addition, effect of soot particle size on filtration quality is distinct in a period of soot cake regime.

Treatment Characteristics of Sand Filtration and Microfiltration (MF) in Advanced Water Treatment (고도정수처리에서 사여과와 정밀여과의 유기물처리특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyung-Suk;Lee, Byoung-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.723-734
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    • 2010
  • With a belief of high water quality production and less chemical usage, membrane technology including Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), and Nanofiltration(NF) is being employed more and more in drinking water treatment process. However, due to higher energy consumption of UF and NF, MF is normally used for drinking water treatment especially in a plant of large scale. In this investigation, performance ofsand filtration and membrane filtration was compared regarding removal of various water quality parameters, such as TOC, DOC, KMnO4 consumption, THMFP, and HAAFP. Two lines of pilot plant have been operated, one of which line is a traditional advanced water treatment process which includes sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation, and activated carbon, and the other line is an alternative treatment process which includes sedimentation with inclined plate, MF membrane, ozonation, and activated carbon. For the first about 4months of period, MF filtration showed similar or little bit higher performance than sand filtration. However, after about 4month later, sand filtration showed much higher performance in removing all parameters monitored in the investigation. It was found that sand filtration is a better option than MF filtration as far as microbial community is fully activated in sand filter bed.

The Influence of Water Temperature and Food Concentration on the Filtration Rates of the Asiatic Clam, Corbicula fluminea (수온과 먹이생물의 농도 변화에 따른 재첩의 여과율 변동)

  • Lim, Kyeong-Hun;Shin, Hyun-Chool;Yang, Jae-Sam
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 2005
  • This study was undertaken with the intent to describe the influence of water temperature and food concentration on the filtration rates of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea. The clams were collected at Lake Geumho near Yeongsan river, during March 2001. Food organism, Scenedesmus sp. (KMCC FC-34), was indoor-cultured in f/2 medium, and was used to measure the filtration rate of the clams. Filtration rate of the clams was measured by indirect method. Cell concentrations of food organisms were determined by direct counting cells using the hemacytometer under the light microscope. The filtration rate of the clams increased with water temperature up to circa $25^{\circ}C$. Above this temperature, the filtration rate decreased rapidly. The minimal filtration rate of the clams was recorded at $5^{\circ}C$. Thermal coefficient, $Q_10$ values at low temperature range were much higher than those at high temperature range. These results indicate the asiatic clam is more sensitive in cold water like most of marine bivalves. There was a strong reversed correlation between filtration rate and food concentration. Filtration rate of the clams was reduced as food concentration was increased.

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Study on the Limit of Water Content by Cake Filtration and Effective Operation in Filtration-Expression Process (여과에 의한 케이크 함수량의 한계와 효율적인 여과-압착 조작 조건에 대한 연구)

  • Yim, Sung Sam;Song, Yun Min
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.696-703
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    • 2005
  • The definition of cake is not established for cake filtration, and especially the definition was impossible for the filtration of the floc already sedimented. The definition is proposed with the experimental method named 'filtration-permeation'. The limit of water content which can be achieved with cake filtration of floc was established with the definition of cake. The expression operation of which the purpose is to reduce the water content of pre-formed filter cake is calculated with our 'unified theory on solid-liquid separation' and compared with the experimental results. The importance of expression is analyzed by the calculated whole procedure of cake filtration and expression. The method determining the most effective operational conditions of filter press including the cake discharge and washing time is proposed.