• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.203-204
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• 2014

Unlike other members, beams have various cross-sections and they have an important role of delivering the load of slabs. A beam form neighbors the columns and slabs, which makes it difficult to be installed. In a conventional way to exclusively use the form after concrete pouring, the form and a support should be both removed. Then, the support should reinstalled to sustain the stripping time of form, resulting in a structural issue. To solve such structural problem, the study proposes SMART beam form that uses filler panels and supports for filler. The floor filler panels and supports for filler are not removed after concrete curing, to conform to the stripping time of supports. Thus, any structural problem such as cracks and reduction of compressive strength owing to the gap of load bearing capacity can be prevented. The study results will be used as cases for studies on productivity analyses.

• 인지과학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.507-533
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• 2009

관계절의 공백과 채움어의 의존관계(gap-filler dependencies)가 어떻게 해결되는지에 대한 가설은 '채움어촉발 처리전략(filler-driven parsing strategy)'과 '공백촉발 처리전략(gap-driven parsing strategy)'으로 요약할 수 있다. 두 가설의 언어보편적 타당성을 알아보기 위해, 본 연구는 안구이동추적법(eyetracking)을 이용하여, 한국어 화자들이 후핵언어(head-final language)인 한국어의 주격관계절과 여격관계절을 실시간으로 처리하는 과정을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 피험자들이 관계절 내 공백의 위치에서 채움어에 상응하는 그림을 거의 응시하지 않았으나, 관계사와 결합한 관계절동사를 들은 시점부터는 채움어 그림을 응시하는 비율이 큰 폭으로 증가하기 시작하여 머리어를 들은 시점에서 가장 많이, 가장 오래 채움어 그림을 응시하였다. 이 결과는 공백이 관계절의 처리를 촉발하는 것이 아니라, 관계사와 결합한 관계절 동사에서 관계절의 통사처리가 시작되어 채움어가 인지된 시점에서 완성됨을 보여주는 것이다. 또한 주격관계절과 여격관계절 간의 상이한 안구이동 양상은 관계절 내의 논항과 결합한 격조사의 통사정보에 기인하는 것으로 보여서, 한국어의 관계절은 채움어촉발 처리전략을 따르기는 하지만 영어와 같은 선핵언어와는 다른 처리전략이 사용됨을 알 수 있다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1032-1038
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• 2009

A polypyrrole (PPy)/alumina composite filler prepared via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on alumina particles was incorporated into $Nafion^{(R)}$ to improve the performance of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators. The IPMCs with the pristine PPy without alumina support did not show bending displacements superior to that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC, except at a high PPy content of 4 wt%. This result was attributed to the low redox efficiency of the PPy alone in the IPMC and may have also been related to the modulus of the IPMC. However, at the optimized filler contents, the cyclic displacement of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler was 2.2 times larger than that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC under an applied AC potential of 3 Vat 1 Hz. Even under a low AC potential of 1.5 V at 1 Hz, the displacement of the PPy/alumina-based IPMCs was a viable level of performance for actuator applications and was 2.7 times higher than that of the conventional Nafion-based IPMC. The generated blocking force was also improved with the PPy/aiumina composite filler. The greatly enhanced performance and the low-voltage-operational characteristic of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler were attributed to the synergic effects of the neighboring alumina moiety near the PPy moiety involving electrochemical redox reactions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권6호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2023

A novel laminated-hybrid-composite-beam (LHCB) of glass-epoxy infused with flyash and graphene is constructed for this study. The conventional mixture-rule and constitutive-relationship are modified to incorporate filler and lamina orientation. Eringen's non-local-theory is used to include the filler effect. Hamilton's principle based on fifth-order-layer-wise-shear-deformation-theory is applied to formulate the equation of motion. The analogous shear-spring-models for LHCB with multiple-cracks are employed in finite-element-analysis (FEA). Modal-experimentations are conducted (B&K-analyser) and the findings are compared with theoretical and FEA results. In terms of dimensionless relative-natural-frequencies (RNF), the dynamic-response in cantilevered support is investigated for various relative-crack-severities (RCSs) and relative-crack-positions (RCPs). The increase of RCS increases local-flexibility in LHCB thus reductions in RNFs are observed. RCP is found to play an important role, cracks present near the end-support cause an abrupt drop in RNFs. Further, multiple cracks are observed to enhance the nonlinearity of LHCB strength. Introduction of the first to third crack in an intact LHCB results drop of RNFs by 8%, 10%, and 11.5% correspondingly. Also, it is demonstrated that the RNF varies because of the lamina-orientation, and filler addition. For 0° lamina-orientation the RNF is maximum. Similarly, it is studied that the addition of graphene reduces weight and increases the stiffness of LHCB in contrast to the addition of flyash. Additionally, the response of LHCB to moving mass is accessed by appropriately modifying the numerical programs, and it is noted that the successive introduction of the first to ninth crack results in an approximately 40% to 120% increase in the dynamic-amplitude-ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1998

A low density polyethylene(LDPE) was examined as an additive in phenol-formaldehyde(PF) resin adhesive for bonding radiata pine plywood. The LDPE was supplied by the commercial manufacturer. The LDPE was compared to a commercial filler commonly used in structural plywood adhesives in the United States. The adhesive mixes were made by following the recommended procedure of Georgia-Pacific Resins Inc.. using plywood-type PF resin. A total of 48 three-ply plywoods. 6.3 mm nominal thickness and 30 by 30 em in size, were made at two press times (4 and 5 min). two press temperatures (150 and $160^{\circ}C$) and 30 minute assembly times for four adhesive mixing types. Evaluations of the LDPE addition were carried out by performance tension shear tests after two cycle boil aging tests on plywood per the U.S. Product Standard PS I-83. After accelerated-aging tests. plywoods were exhibited no delamination. The test results included tension shear strength and estimated wood failure values. The plywood test results support the use of polyethylene as an additive in plywood adhesives.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2022

공동주택 화재 확산 방지와 피난을 위해 방화문의 내화성능과 성능설계가 중요하게 요구된다. 본 연구는 공동주택에 적용되는 화재성능시험을 통과한 대피공간 방화문 182건, 공용부 방화문 308건의 DB를 구축하고 방화문의 구조(12개 요소) 분석을 통하여 방화문 성능영향인자를 도출하였다. 결과로서, 대피공간 방화문에서 내화충진재의 밀도, 접착제, 발포 가스켓의 영향을 확인하였고, 공용부문에서 내화충진재, 접착제, 방화핀의 영향을 확인하였다. 불합격 사례를 분석한 결과, 화염발생과 틈새발생의 영향이 지배적인 것을 확인하였다.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2023

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection for the treating plunged nose, post-rhinopasty and hyaluronic filler migration is common procedures in clinical settings. However, the lack of thorough anatomical understanding makes it difficult to locate the nose region muscles. The anatomical considerations concerned with BoNT injection into the nasalis, levator labii superioris alaeque, and depressor septi nasi muscles were reviewed in this study. The injection spots have been presented for the nasalis, levator labii superioris alaeque, and depressor septi nasi muscles, with the recommended injection technique for each muscle. We have suggested the ideal injection sites in association with outer anatomical landmarks of the nose region. Moreover, these proposals would support a more accurate procedure of BoNT injection in relieving plunged nose, preventing post-rhinoplasty deviation, and migration of the hyaluronic acid filler.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2016

Although the bucky paper (BP) made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possesses beneficial characteristics of hydrophobic nature and high porosity for membrane distillation (MD) application, weak mechanical strength of BP has often prevented the stable operation. This study aims to fabricate the BP with high mechanical strength to improve its MD performance. The strategy was to increase the purity level of CNTs with an assumption that purer CNTs would increase the Van der Waals attraction, leading to the improvement of mechanical strength of BP. According to this study results, the purification of CNT does not necessarily enhance the mechanical strength of BP. The BP made from purer CNTs demonstrated a high flux ($142kg/m^2{\cdot}h$) even at low ${\Delta}T$ ($50^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$) during the experiments of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). However, the operation was not stable because a crack quickly formed. Then, a support layer of AAO (anodic aluminum oxide) filter paper was introduced to reinforce the mechanical strength of BP. The support reinforcement was able to increase the mechanical strength, but wetting occurred. Therefore, the mixed matrix membrane (PSf-CNT) using CNTs as filler to polysulphone was fabricated. The DCMD operation with the PSf-CNT membrane was stable, although the flux was low ($6.1kg/m^2{\cdot}h$). This result suggests that the mixed matrix membrane could be more beneficial for the stable DCMD operation than the BP.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1994

This study examines fracture characteristics of wire rope of 6$\times$37+FC 14mm B degree, Which has been widely used for the strength support for machinery, cranes and shipping. The examination Is based on the fellowing experimental conditions. Firstly, this study analyzes the effect of the strength of wlre rope. When number of broken wires is occuring at the level of 5%, 10% and 15% degree respectively in the following two cases：1) Case of broken down to each strand equally. 2) Case of broken down to one strand only. Secondly, this study analyzes the effect of corrosion on the strength of wire rope. Corrosion times are 72hours, 144hours and 216hours corrosion respectively under following conditions. 1) Case of only a corrosion without wire breaking. 2) Case of corrosion after 5% degree wire breaking to each strand equally. Some outcomes of these experiment are as follows. 1) From the of tension test, We can find that the ratio of strength reduction case of wire broke down to one strand concentrically is greater than that ratio case of broke down to each strand equally. 2) From the corrosion test, We can also find that the ratio of strength reduction case of corroded after 5% degree wire breaking to each strand equally Is greater than that ratio case of corroded without wire breaking. 3) After comparing theoretical fracture load of wires with experimental fracture load of wires, we can find the fracture load of the case of broken down to each strand equally is most similar to theoretical fracture load. 4) It is proposed that safety rules on wire rope in the Industrial safety and healthy labor of law have to change “breaking over 10% of number of wires in one strand of wire rope(excluded filler wire )”has to be replaced by“breaking over 10% of number of all wires in all strand of wire rope(excluded filler wire)”

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2024

국내외 건설현장에서 사용빈도가 급격히 증가하고 있는 슬래브용 알루미늄 폼은 탈형시 바닥으로 그대로 떨어뜨리는 경우가 많아 소음으로 인한 주변 민원이 발생하고, 높은 위치에서 떨어지면서 형틀이 변형되거나 바닥에서 튀어 오로면서 주변 인부들에게 상해를 입히기도 하여 중대재해처벌법이 강화되는 현실에서 개선이 절실한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공동주택의 1세대 슬래브 거푸집 전체가 동시에 작업자가 펼친 손이 닿는 위치까지 안전하게 낙하되면 자유롭게 분해하여 다음 층으로 인양할 수 있게 함으로써 안전성, 품질, 경제성, 공정이 개선된 필러서포터 존치형 공법으로써 슬래브의 처짐문제 해결 등의 장점을 확인되고 건설신기술을 획득하였으므로 적극적인 시장개척을 통한 적용 활성화가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.