• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2005

It is generally known that paper industry is the second largest industry in the use of process water, and also have the highest environmental impact load in the contaminant sources. Paper is produced from the mixtures composed of 1% fibrous raw materials and 99% water. The optimum use of process water effects on the quality properties of paper and the environmental impact load of waste water treatment. In this research, the kinds of fibrous raw material & additives used in the paperboard production line were investigated, and the quantification of environmental loads and the environmental effects of process water on COD potential were evaluated. The NBDCODs were also analyzed from process water by the method of waste water treatment in paper mill and applied for the optimum use of recycling water, and zero effluent process. In the fibrous raw materials, KOCC caused the highest COD potentials, and sack paper & UKP was comparatively low. The NBDCOD of KOCC largely reduced after biological treatment because of easily biodegradable properties, but AOCC contained non-biodegradable materials. In chemical additives, COD was high in turns of rosin>starch>deaeration agent>dye, NBDCOD greatly reduced in starch and deaeration agent. In the case of 2 kinds of paperboard product, the COD potentials was mainly high in starch, AOCC and KOCC.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2012

As the meaning of dictionary terminology, scum refers to a layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid. In papermaking process, scum indicates the floated solid waste generated by a flotation process during the primary wastewater treatment. In this study, different kinds of stocks and scums collected from newspaper, liner, tissue and fine paper were analysed in details. The purpose of this study was firstly to demonstrate the composition characteristics of different sources of scum, secondly the analysis of environmental hazardous materials, and thirdly the evaluation of reutilization ability of fibrous materials from collected scum. As mentioned the meaning of solid waste, scum was actually differ from the waste sludge in sources, compositions and recycling abilities. In the same manner of waste paper, the sludge which is generated within onsite of papermaking processes would be reused as a raw material. The general compositions of scum from waste water were mainly inorganic ash materials, fine fibre fractions, recycled fibre debries, and ink particles. If the scum is able to reuse as fibrous additives in papermaking process, it could contribute to the savings of running costs in both the subsidiaries of fibrous material and the solid waste treatment with even small quantity.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2024

This study successfully prepared high-porosity aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramics through vacuum suction filtration using aluminosilicate fiber as the primary raw material and glass powder as binder, with the appropriate incorporation of glass fiber. The effects of the composition of raw materials and sintering process on the structure and properties of the material were studied. The results show that when the content of glass powder reached 20 wt% and the samples were sintered at the temperature of 1,000 ℃, strong bonds were formed between the binder phase and fibers, resulting in a compressive strength of 0.63 MPa. When the sintering temperatures were increased from 1,000 ℃ to 1,200, the open porosity of the samples decreased from 89.08 % to 82.38 %, while the linear shrinkage increased from 1.13 % to 10.17 %. Meanwhile, during the sintering process, a large amount of cristobalite and mullite were precipitated from the aluminosilicate fibers, which reduced the performance of the aluminosilicate fibers and hindered the comprehensive improvement in sample performance. Based on these conditions, after adding 30 wt% glass fiber and being sintered at 1,000 ℃, the sample exhibited higher compressive strength (1.34 MPa), higher open porosity (89.13 %), and lower linear shrinkage (5.26 %). The aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramic samples exhibited excellent permeability performance due to their high porosity and interconnected three-dimensional pore structures. When the samples were filtered at a flow rate of 150 mL/min, the measured pressure drop and permeability were 0.56 KPa and 0.77 × 10^-6 m² respectively.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

For the purpose of reduction of production cost in the industrial papermaking process, the use of waste paper has been more and more increased as a fibrous raw material, and the closed system of white water became closed more than ever. "Scum" indicates the floated sludge by a flotation during primary wastewater treatment process in paper mills. If the scum is used as the raw material, it could reduce both the raw material and solid waste treatment cost with even small quantity. In this study, the element survey and the toxicity measurement was carried out for recycling scum. A load factor of stock preparation process in paper mills was measured by somerville screen. Physical properties of paper sheet containing the accepted scum from the stock of AOCC or KOCC were evaluated. The result of this study shows that recycling scum has potential to be used in paper making system. It also might be able to reduce the required energy used by the pressing or drainage process, the raw material cost, and solid waste treatment cost due to the recycling of scum.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

It is well known that Korean traditional Hanji have lots of predominant physical and optical properties such as high density, high air permeability, long lasting quality and lightness. The paper-making raw materials of traditional Korean Hanji are the bast fibre cooked from the Korean paper mulberry as a fibrous materials and sticky aqueous material from the root of Hibiscus anihot L. as additives for good dispersion of stock. Additionally, the mechanical properties of Hanji varies according to the cooking methods of bast tissues of Korean paper mulberry, the treatment methods of fibrous raw materials such as bleaching and refining, the wet formation types of sheet-making such as 'Oebal-chiji' and 'Ssangbal-choji', and the finishing treatment like stamping. This study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the quality properties of Korean traditional hand-made Hanji, and compared with commercial machine-made paper and modified prepared sheets. The physical quality comparisons of different kinds of Hanji were focused on the methods of hand-sheet making, the types of raw materials, the treatment of stamping, and the properties of ink reception and spreading.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2017

We synthesized potassium hexatitanate, ($K_2Ti_6O_{13}$, PT6), with a non-fibrous shape, by acid leaching and subsequent thermal treatment of potassium tetratitanate ($K_2Ti_4O_9$, PT4), with layered crystal structure. By controlling nucleation and growth of PT4 crystals, we obtained splinter-type crystals of PT6 with increased width and reduced thickness. The optimal holding temperature for the layered PT4 was found to be ${\sim}920^{\circ}C$. The length and width of the PT4 crystals were increased when the nucleation and growth time were increased. After a proton exchange reaction using aqueous 0.3 M HCl solution, and subsequent heat treatment at $850^{\circ}C$, the PT4 crystal transformed into splinter-type PT6 crystals. The frictional characteristics of the friction materials show that as the particle size of PT6 increases, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear amounts of both the friction materials and counter disc increase.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1957

Purified cellulosic materials suitable for the production of cellulose esters can be prepared from waste cotton (carding waste from textile mill). The most desirable conditions in purifying waste cotton were obtained. Waxy materials were removed by boiling in 2-3% soda ash solution for more than 30 minutes in open vessel at atmospheric pressure. As for bleaching, it is desirable to use the bleaching powder solution containing 1%, available chlorine for 60 minutes at 35 deg. C. Purified cellulosic material was acetylated to fibrous cellulose triacetate, which was fractionated in the solution of 70% monochloroacetic acid using water as a precipitant, and the degree of polymerizaion and molecular weight of each fraction were measured viscometrically, thereon, molecular weight distribution curve was drawn. Analyzing the shape of this curve, most of the polymers were concentrated on the part of higher degree of polymerization. Purified waste cotton was also analysed, the result was that this cellulosic material can be used as a raw material for cellulose esters and ethers.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Linerboards and corrugating mediums are being produced using recycled old corrugated containers (OCC) as major raw materials. The utilization rate of recycled fibers is ex­pected to increase further in the future to reduce raw material cost. Use of recycled fibers as raw materials for linerboard, however, causes many problems for papermakers. As the utilization rate of recycled fiber and number of recycling of fibers increases, quality and process problems including strength reduction and deterioration of machine runn­ability will increase. To overcome the problem of strength reduction associated with the use of recycled fibrous materials for producing quality linerboards, diverse extensive research efforts and new technological approaches have been taken. In this study, disintegration characteristics of aee was evaluated by determining the unslushed contents. The amount of unslushed content of KOCC was lower than AOCC. But contaminants content of KOCC was higher than AOCC. As the consistency in disintegration increased, the amount of unslushed fiber content decreased.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

The bast fiber of Paper mulberry has been generally used as a fibrous raw material in traditional Hanji-making. Nowadays, its uses is expanded to different special purposes such as paper mulberry yarn, laminated paper, antimicrobial paper depending on its application. Despite the wide array of the use of mulberry fibers, it is still limited due to some difficulties in the automation process of manufacturing works. This study is focused on the analysis of chemical components and morphological properties of paper mulberry bark for the automation of bark peeling process. The bast tissue of paper mulberry was separated in three plies; black outer layer, green inner layer, and white inner layer. The total lignin content, holocelluloses, extractives and ashes, and the anatomical structure of the three layers in mulberry bark tissue were investigated. The analysis showed that the black outer layer is composed of about 50% of total lignin content, whereas the white inner layer is composed of about 90% of holocellulose content.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2005

미생물에 의해 생산된 셀룰로오스는 고등식물을 이루고 있는 셀룰로오스보다 순수한 형태로 존재하고 굵기가 20~50 nm인 fibril이 높은 배향성과 결정성으로 3차원적 망상구조를 이루고 있다. 이러한 미생물 셀룰로오스를 이용한 탄화과정의 적용은 기존의 PAN, Pitch, 재생 셀룰로오스(Rayon)를 사용한 탄소 섬유의 제조에서 얻지 못하는 섬유 구조 탄소 물질의 대량 생산을 가능하게 하고 탄화과정에 의해 생산된 섬유 구조의 탄화 셀룰로오스는 높은 결정성과 배향성을 갖는 나노 영역의 흑연 결정상의 섬유 제조를 가능하게 할 것이다. 탄화에 사용되는 셀룰로오스의 생산성에 대하여 세 가지 균주들에서 생산된 셀룰로오스의 양을 비교하여 G. xylinus ATCC 11142가 15mL 배지당 건조 질량 0.066 g의 셀룰로오스를 생산하는 것을 확인하였고 셀룰로오스의 탄화과정에서 셀룰로오스의 열분해에 의해 생산된 타르(tar)에 의해 탄화 후, 셀룰로오스 탄화물의 섬유 구조를 저해시키는 문제점이 존재한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 탄소 나노튜브의 정제과정에서 연구된 액상, 기상 그리고 초음파 처리를 통한 정제방법들을 적용하여, 탄화 셀룰로오스에서는 초음파 처리를 통한 정제과정의 적용이 셀룰로오스 탄화물에서 섬유 구조가 증가하는 결과를 나타냈다.