• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

This study was conducted to increase the value of Aster glehni as a useful food resource. The Hunter L, a and b Values of Aster glehni leaves Were 34.23${\pm}$2.80, -10.59${\pm}$1.80 and 13.29${\pm}$2.51, respectively. The Shearing force and contents of tannin and dietary fiber were 4701.2g, 100.9ppm and 37.1％, respectively. The minerals identified in Aster glehni were Ca (6.93mg/kg), K (45.36mg/kg), Mg (1.70mg/kg), Fe (0.36mg/kg) and Na (1.26mg/kg). Aster glehni Kimchi was packed in polyethylene film (200g) and fermented at 20 and 4$^{\circ}C$. With regards to the color changes, the Aster glehni Kimchi fermented at 20$^{\circ}C$ showed greater increases in the Hunter L, a and b values than a 4$^{\circ}C$. The pH of the Kimchi decreased and acidity increased with storage time at both temperatures. The ascorbic acid contents decreased sharply with storage time and by about 85％ at 20$^{\circ}C$ after 5 days, and 73％ at 4$^{\circ}C$ after 30 days. The reducing sugar content also decreased with storage time at both 20 and 4$^{\circ}C$. The results of the sensory evaluation showed the optimum ripening times of the Aster glehni Kimchi to be 1∼3 days at 20$^{\circ}C$ and less than 20 days at 4$^{\circ}C$.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.85-100
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• 1996

The Studies were conducted to provide the state of mulberry cultivation and it's development in Banguet province (high land) of Philippines. Philippines initiated the sericulture industry with the technical asistance of Japan in 1974 and established mulberry field and sericultural facilities with technical asistance of Korea in 1990 and 1995. The required average of 100 to 150mm per month is not available during the dry season from December to March. Therefore mulching with grass which is available abundantly in the Philippines should be established to conserve moisture, to control soil erosion, surface ran-off and also to increase the humus content in the soil. In chemical properties of mulberry field, the pH value of soil is 4.7, organic matter 1.6%, and available phosphorus 6ppm. Therefore, all fields should do liming and be applied compost. To improve leaf yield for mulberry planted under partial shade area of pine trees, more pruning of pine tree should be done for good sunshining of mulberry, more liming and compost should be applied to improve acidic soil. To control the leaf roller, DDVP and KAFIL are able to be used. When spraying insecticides to control mulberry insect pests, care should be taken to consider the residual effects of chemicals on the leaf. Leaf should be fed to silkworms only after the leaves are free of any residual effects.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Nutritional components and antioxidant activities of commercial loquat leaf tea (CLLT) were evaluated. Proximate compositions were as follows; moisture 5.34%, crude protein 8.38%, crude fat 13.26%, nitrogen free extract 46.21%, crude fiber 19.24% and crude ash 7.57%, respectively. Ascorbic acid and total phenolics content of CLLT was 0.47 mg/100 g and 42.55 mg/GAE g, respectively. Mineral elements were Ca 1,624.01 mg/100 g, K 1,099.66 mg/100 g, and Mg 192.70 mg/100 g, respectively. Amino acid contents of CLLT were very rich in glutamic acid 565.98 mg/100 g and deficient in cystine 12.97 mg/100 g. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of hot water extract from CLLT were 72.51% and 90.11%, respectively at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of hot water extract from CLLT were increased in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, these results suggest that the hot water extract of CLLT possess antioxidant activities and thus it has great potential as a source for functional food such as natural antioxidant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1923-1932
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• 2019

Objective: We investigated visual marbling level (VML) influence on pork loin physicochemical traits, consumer palatability responses, VML liking, purchase intent, and their relationships. Methods: For each of five slaughtering dates, at 24-h postmortem, nine paired Duroc castrated male boneless Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were categorized into low (LM, score 1 to 2, n = 3), medium (MM, score 3 to 4, n = 3), and high (HM, score 5 to 6, n = 3) VML. Meat physicochemical quality traits and consumer responses (n = 389) on palatability and VML liking, and purchase intent were evaluated. The experiment was in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple mean comparisons, and correlation coefficients were determined. Results: VML correspond to crude fat (r = 0.91, p<0.01), but both were reversely related to moisture content (r = -0.75 and -0.91, p<0.01, respectively). As VML increased, ash (p<0.05) and protein (p = 0.072) decreased, pH and $b^{\star}$ increased (p<0.05), but drip, cooking (p<0.05) and thawing (p = 0.088) losses decreased. Among treatments, muscle fiber diameter, sarcomere length, total and insoluble collagen contents, $L^{\star}$, and $a^{\star}$ did not differ (p>0.05). Compared to the others, HM had lower collagen solubility percentage (p<0.05), but similar (p>0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). No differences (p>0.05) were found in juiciness, overall flavor, oiliness, and overall acceptability, but HM was more tender (p<0.05) than the others. Based on VML, consumers preferred MM to HM (p<0.05), while LM was similar to MM and HM (p>0.05). Corresponding to VML preference (r = 0.45, p<0.01), consumers (83%) would (p<0.01) definitely and probably buy MM, over LM (74%), and HM (68%), respectively. Conclusion: Increasing VML in pork LD altered its chemical composition, slightly increased pH, and improved water holding capacity, thereby improving its tenderness acceptability. Marbling might reduce chewing resistance, as lower collagen solubility in HM did not impact tenderness acceptability and WBSF. While HM was rated as most tender, consumers visually preferred and would purchase MM.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.549-553
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• 2009

The mushroom Agrocybe chaxingu was analyzed to evaluate the nutritional value of this potential food. The moisture content was 88.9% in the fruiting body of A. chaxingu, and the proportions of ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate, crude protein, and crude fat were 0.9%, 1.4%, 7.2%, 2.5% and 0.4% by weight, respectively. A. chaxingu contained 1.29 mg/100 g edible weight of vitamin $B_1$, and the contents of vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_3$, and vitamin C were 0.15 mg, 0.32 mg, and 18.4 mg per 100 g of wet mushroom. Potassium (3,318 mg/100 g, dry basis) was found at the highest concentration in A. chaxingu. In addition, the mushroom contained many other minerals (all figures are mg per 100 g of dried mushroom) such as phosphorus (909.7), magnesium (141.3), sodium (12.7), zinc (7.4), iron (6.5), copper (2.8), manganese (0.8), and nickel (0.1). The results indicate that A. chaxingu is a valuable nutrient source.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2019

In this study, oxygen functional groups were introduced on activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by oxygen plasma treatment to improve the adsorption performance on an acetic acid which is a sick house syndrome induced gas. The active species was generated more as the flow rate of the oxygen gas increased during the plasma treatment. For this reason, the specific surface area (SSA) of the ACFs decreased with much more physical and chemical etching. In particular, the SSA of the sample (A-O60) injected with an oxygen gas flow rate of 60 sccm was reduced to about $1.198m^2/g$, which was about 6.95% lower than that of the untreated samples. On the other hand, the oxygen content introduced into the surface of ACFs increased up to 35.87%. Also, the adsorption performance on the acetic acid gas of the oxygen plasma-treated ACFs was improved by up to 43% compared to that of using the untreated ACFs. It is attributed to the formation of the hydrogen bonding due to the dipole moments between acetic acid molecules and oxygen functional groups such as O=C-O introduced by the oxygen plasma treatment.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.642-651
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of different roughages in total mixed ration (TMR) inoculated with or without coculture of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population. Methods: Three TMRs formulations composed of different forages were used and each TMR was grouped into two treatments: non-fermented TMR and fermented TMR (F-TMR) (inoculated with coculture of L. acidophilus and B. subtilis). After fermentation, the fermentation, chemical and microbial profile of the TMRs were determined. The treatments were used for in vitro rumen fermentation to determine total gas production, pH, ammonianitrogen (NH3-N), and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial populations were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All data were analyzed as a 3×2 factorial arrangement design using the MIXED procedure of Statistical Analysis Systems. Results: Changes in the fermentation (pH, lactate, acetate, propionate, and NH3-N) and chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash) were observed. For in vitro rumen fermentation, lower rumen pH, higher acetate, propionate, and total VFA content were observed in the F-TMR group after 24 h incubation (p<0.05). F-TMR group had higher acetate concentration compared with the non-fermented group. Total VFA was highest (p<0.05) in F-TMR containing combined forage of domestic and imported source (F-CF) and F-TMR containing Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage (F-IRS-CS) than that of TMR diet containing oat, timothy, and alfalfa hay. The microbial population was not affected by the different TMR diets. Conclusion: The use of Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage, as well as the inoculation of coculture of L. acidophilus and B. subtilis, in the TMR caused changes in the pH, lactate and acetate concentrations, and chemical composition of experimental diets. In addition, F-TMR composed with Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage altered ruminal pH and VFA concentrations during in vitro rumen fermentation experiment.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.42-51
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• 2022

Aggregate resources in Korea are expected to run out owing to an increase in development demand and construction investment. Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), extracted from waste concrete, have a lower quality than natural aggregates. However, RCA can produce concrete similar in quality to the normal concrete by aggregate pretreatment, use of admixtures, and quality control. RCA are most suitable for use in precast concrete products such as sidewalk blocks and revetment blocks. Herein, the feasibility of producing revetment blocks using recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), similar in quality to normal concrete, was analyzed. The amount of RCA was varied, and moderate high early strength cement and steam curing were used to produce the concrete test blocks. In the block test, the load resistance characteristics of the blocks were evaluated to determine optimal RAC and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar compositions. Thus, the variable that reduced the cement content was determined at the same level as that of natural aggregate concrete by the control of steam curing. In the concrete block test, although this depends on the reinforcement ratio, the RAC block exhibited the same or better performance than a normal concrete block. Therefore, the low quality of RCA in RAC is no longer a problem when concrete mixing and curing are controlled and appropriate reinforcement is used.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2022

Mulberry is a hardy, perennial, deep-rooted plant capable of thriving under diverse agroclimatic conditions. The selection of suitable land and appropriate variety can help the sustainable mulberry field. However, no conclusive and comprehensive investigation has been conducted on the mulberry soil properties and nutritional composition of mulberry cultivars from Korea local areas in previous studies. In our study, soil properties and mulberry leaf components of Korea local mulberry farms were briefly investigated. In result, the soil organic matter (OM) content was significantly high in Buan (6.81%) and Jangseong (6.14%). In contrast, available phosphate (P₂O₅) was different in each local area. To investigate relationship between soil property and nutritive component of mulberry leaf, Cheongil leaf samples from 8 local areas were analyzed. Among the macrominerals (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺), the concentration of K varied from (1884±9.36) mg/100 g to (2685±11.5) mg/100 g. The potassium (K⁺) of Cheongil leaf in Sangju was the highest at 2685 mg/100 g. Besides macrominerals, flavonoids, total dietary fiber contents and moisture of Cheongil leaf samples were studied in the 8 local areas. In terms of these contents, the variation was largely depending on the local areas. This study provides a possible industrial use of mulberry, and holds promise to enhance the overall profitability of sericulture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 1989

In order to find out the optimum harvest (clipping) date combined with sowing date on yield and nutrient Quality of forage rape which is suitable at the southern part of Korea, Velox, introduced variety was grown from Sep. 1987 to May 1988 at Sunchon National University, and yield and nutrient Quality of plant were observed. As harvest date and sowing date were delayed, the plant length was longest, number of branch and leaves per main stem were increased in the time of full bloom clipping and Sep. 24 sowing but stem diameter was thickest in the early sowing. Fresh yield was heaviest in the time of flowering clipping and Sep. 24 sowing but the most dry matter yield was heaviest in the time of full bloom clipping and Sep. 24 sowing. Content of crude protein was highest and that of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were lowest in the late time of clipping and sowing. Further more IVDMD was high and dry matter yield and digestible dry matter yield were highest in the time of flowering clipping and Sep. 24 sowing. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum harvest (clipping) date combined with sowing date for yield and nutrient Quality of forage rape seemed to be the time of flowering clipping and Sep. 24 sowing.