• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop transgenic cell line expressing targeted human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hGCSF) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes as well as production of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from co-expressed transgenic donor cells. Constructed pPiggy-mWAP-hGCSF-EF1-GFP vector was chemically transfected into bovine fetus cells and then, only GFP expressed cells were selected as donor cells for SCNT. Cleavage and blastocyst rates of parthenogenetic, SCNT embryos using non-TG cell and hGCSF-GFP dual expressed SCNT embryos were examined (cleavage rate: $78.0{\pm}2.8$ vs. $73.1{\pm}3.2$ vs. $70.4{\pm}4.3%$, developmental rate: $27.2{\pm}3.2$ vs. $21.9{\pm}3.1$ vs. $17.0{\pm}2.9%$). Result indicated that cleavage and blastocyst rates of TG embryos were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of parthenogenetic and non-TG embryos, respectively. In this study, we successfully produced hGCSF-GFP dual expressed SCNT embryos and cryopreserved to produce transgenic cattle for bioreactor system purpose. Further process of our research will transfer of transgenic embryos to recipients and production of hGCSF secreting cattle.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제27권
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• pp.3.1-3.4
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• 2012

Objectives: The current use of humidifier detergent and its harmful impact on humans has arisen as a societal environmental health issue. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore the relationship between demo-socio characteristics and humidifier use, as well as the monthly usage changes in pregnant women; thus, we report the actual status of humidifier usage of Korea's pregnant population. Methods: From a birth cohort of a Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, 1,144 pregnant women who responded through questionnaires including demo-socio characteristics, obstetric status and household environment including whether they use humidifier and frequency of use were included in this study. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the relationship between maternal characteristics and the relevance of the use of humidifiers was performed using a chi-square test, a t-test and univariate logistic regression analysis. The monthly usage rate was demonstrated in the graph. Results: The humidifier usage rate in pregnant women was 28.2%. The average frequency of humidifier usage was 4.6 days per week, 7.3 hours per day. The usage rate was higher in the multipara group and the above the age of 34 age group than in the primipara and below the age of 34 groups. Seoul showed a higher usage rate than Cheonan and Ulsan and as the education level and income increased, the usage rate of humidifiers among pregnant women also increased. In the monthly trend of usage rate, the winter season showed the highest usage rate of over 45% and the lowest in late summer and beginning of fall with a value of 12% or less. Conclusions: During pregnancy, the mother's body is especially vulnerable to hazardous environmental exposure that not only affects the pregnant woman but also the fetus. Further research is still needed to elucidate the route and effect of environmental risk factors. Therefore, based on precautionary and preventive principles, special interest and caution in harmful environments are strongly needed not only at an individual level but also at a national level.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze parental decisions regarding pregnancies in which the fetus had sex chromosome abnormalities (SCA) over a ten-year period. Materials and Methods: We collected and reviewed records from our hospital for 2001-2010 and a genetic specialist provided-genetic counseling. Results: We diagnosed 130 cases (0.71%) with SCA out of 18,376 prenatal cases from 2001 to 2010. We reviewed the records and the results of all pregnancies. We also included cases (n=84) of apparently normal anatomic fetuses to analyze the factors influencing parental decisions. We excluded 34 cases with an obvious anomaly or a presumably bad outcome and 12 cases that were not followed up. Forty-three couples (51.2%) continued their pregnancies while forty-one (48.8%) terminated them. Of 38 mosaicism cases, 21 (55.3%) were continued. Among the 20 pregnancies assisted by reproductive techniques, 15 (75%) were continued (P=0.02). More pregnancies were continued when genetic counseling was provided (61.9%) compared to cases in which it was not provided (19%) (P=0.01). Conclusion: Genetic counseling is important in providing appropriate information to parents. Establishing guidelines and protocols will help both obstetricians and parents to make informed decisions.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.80-83
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• 2007

고리염색체(Ring chromosome)는 매우 낮은 빈도로 발견되는 염색체 이상으로 모든 번호에서 보고되고 있으며 특히 끝곁 매듭 염색체(acrocentric chromosome)에서 빈번하게 관찰 된다. 본 증례는 ring chromosome(고리염색체)11의 산전진단에 관한 것이다. 산모는 36세의 여성으로 모체혈청검사에서 에드워드 증후군의 표시인자가 증가되어, 태아의 염색체 검사를 위해 임신 19.5주에 양수천자술을 시행하였다. 결과는 46,XX,r(11)[65]/45,XX,-11[16]/46,XX[34]로 고리염색체(ring chromosome) 11이 mosaic으로 관찰되었다. 혈액을 이용한 부모 염색체 검사는 모두 정상이었다. 임신 20주에 실시된 정밀초음파 검사에서는 자궁내성장장애(IUGR) 소견을 보였다. 모자익시즘의 확인을 위해 임신 22주에 재대 혈액을 이용한 두번째 염색체 검사 결과는 46,XX,r(11)(p15.5q24.2)[229]/45,XX,-11 [15]이었으며 첫번째 검사에서 관찰되지 않았던 다양한 형태의 고리염색체(ring chromosome)가 소수의 세포에서 관찰되었다. 고리염색체(ring chromosome)11에 대한 FISH 검사에서는 11 염색체의 장완과 11 염색체의 단완의 subtelomeric 부위가 결실되어 있었다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2007

척수소뇌성 실조증3는 신경세포의 손상으로 인해 생기는 질병으로 염색체14q32.1지역에 반복적인 CAG 삼염기 서열이 증가하면서 일어나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 증례는 척수소뇌성 실조증3으로 진단을 받은 부부에서 자연 임신한 태아를 산전진단한 경우로서 형광으로 포식된 표지자를 이용하여 CAG 지역을 증폭하여 빠르고 정확하게 반복수를 확인하는 방법을 이용하였다. 남편의 경우 CAG반복을 넘는 69개의 반복과 정상인 27개의 반복된 유전자를 갖고 있는 것으로 확인하였으며, 산모의 경우 정상인 26과 32개의 반복된 유전자를 갖고 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 태아는 부계의 27과 모계의 26개를 갖는 정상 유전자를 물려 받은 것으로 확인되어 건강한 아기를 분만하였다. 형광을 이용한 진단방법은 방사능을 사용하는 방법에 비해 안전하고 빠른 진단을 할 수 있으며 시료 채취 후 5-6시간 안에 정확하게 결과를 확인할 수 있는 방법이라 생각된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1987

The amniotic fluid provides a medium in which the fetus can readily move, cushions him against possible injury and helps him maintain an even temperature. Besides above mentioned functions, investigators reported that human amniotic fluid contains host-resistance factors which prevent bacteria from producing infectious disease and this activity shows difference among human racial groups or bacterial genera, species and strains. 40 amniotic fluid specimens from Korean women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy were examined for inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. And various factors which might affect bacterial growth inhibiting activity such as pH, initial inoculum size, concentration of amniotic fluid, and heat resistance, were also tested using a strongly inhibitory amniotic fluid specimen. Finally plate diffusion tests were carried out using other strongly inhibitory amniotic fluid. The following results were obtained: 1. Of the 40 fluid samples examined, 18 specimens(45%) had inhibitory activity and samples from women in their second trimester of pregnanancy showed non-inhibitory activity(2 specimens). 2. The pH of the fluids varied between 7.43 and 8.33. There was no correlation between pH and inhibitory activity. 3. No. 19 amniotic fluid showed bacteriostatic activity after 24 hours incubation when an inoculum of $10^2$ organisms per milliliter was used, but non-inhibitory with an inoculum of $10^3$ and $10^4$ bacteria per milliliter. 4. The content of amniotic fluid in culture media influenced E. coli growth. At 90 percent, E. coli was inhibited growth but at 10 percent and 50 percent. 5. Inhibitory activity of No. 19 amniotic fluid was retained after heating to $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes or 100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. 6. Plate diffusion tests with No. 27 amniotic fluid showed that 0.7ml amniotic fluid gave clear zone of growth inhibition around the central well but 0.2ml and 0.1ml amniotic fluids were not.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1997

본 연구는 EGF가 체외수정 및 체외배양에 의해 생산된 생쥐배의 체내 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 난자는 체외수정 후 얻어진 2-세포기배를 EGF 첨가유무에 따라 배양 (5-6 embryos/25${\mu}l$/drop)하여 얻어진 4일령의 배반포기배로서, 각 처리군의 배반포기배는 가임신 3일된 대리모의 자궁내에 이식되어졌다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1,2-세포기배를 EGF의 첨가유무에 따라 배양하여 배반포기배로의 발달율과 세포수를 조사하였던 바, 처리군간의 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 하지만, 각 처리군에서 회수된 배반포기배의 체내 발달을 조사하였던 바, 총 수태율의 결과에 있어서는 대조군과 EGF 처리군 각각 64.4%와 69.8%로서 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았지만, 정상태아 발생율에 있어서는 EGF 처리군 (51.2%)이 대조군 (31.1%)보다 매우 높게 나타냈다. 따라서, 비록 EGF 처리군이 대조군과 비교하여 볼 때 체외수정 및 체외배양에 의해 생산된 난자의 유의한 발달은 나타내지 않았지만 난자의 질적인 향상을 통해서 체내발달을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2018

Purpose: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is rare, and its cause and prognosis are not well known. Additionally, treatment is limited with respect to the risk to the fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and treatment trends of PABC and the survival rate according to the treatment. Methods: In the Korean Breast Cancer Society Registry database, women younger than 50 years and who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1996 to 2015 were included. PABC was defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery. Results: We examined 411 patients with PABC and 83,381 patients with non-PABC. Over time, the proportions of patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy increased, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy administration rates also increased. In the past, the overall survival of patients with PABC was poorer than that of patients with non-PABC, but there was no difference in overall survival rates in more recent years. There was no difference in overall survival rates between patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-2.49; p=0.459), but PABC conferred poorer prognosis than non-PABC in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.27-2.08; p<0.001). Conclusion: There was no difference in the prognosis between patients with PABC and those with non-PABC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The increase in neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to current treatment guidelines is expected to improve the survival rate of patients with PABC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1458-1468
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• 2019

Objective: As one of the most important metabolic organs, the liver plays vital roles in modulating the lipid metabolism. This study was to compare miRNA expression profiles of the Large White liver between two different developmental periods and to identify candidate miRNAs for lipid metabolism. Methods: Eight liver samples were collected from White Large of 70-day fetus (P70) and of 70-day piglets (D70) (with 4 biological repeats at each development period) to construct sRNA libraries. Then the eight prepared sRNA libraries were sequenced using Illumina next-generation sequencing technology on HiSeq 2500 platform. Results: As a result, we obtained 346 known and 187 novel miRNAs. Compared with the D70, 55 down- and 61 up-regulated miRNAs were shown to be significantly differentially expressed (DE). Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis indicated that these DE miRNAs were mainly involved in growth, development and diverse metabolic processes. They were predicted to regulate lipid metabolism through adipocytokine signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B, and Notch signaling pathway. The four most abundantly expressed miRNAs were miR-122, miR-26a and miR-30a-5p (miR-122 only in P70), which play important roles in lipid metabolism. Integration analysis (details of mRNAs sequencing data were shown in another unpublished paper) revealed that many target genes of the DE miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-145-5p, miR-199a-5p, and miR-98) might be critical regulators in lipid metabolic process, including acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4, ATP-binding casette A4, and stearyl-CoA desaturase. Thus, these miRNAs were the promising candidates for lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our study provides the main differences in the Large White at miRNA level between two different developmental stages. It supplies a valuable database for the further function and mechanism elucidation of miRNAs in porcine liver development and lipid metabolism.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.311-362
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• 2008

조선시대 왕실문화는 유교문화의 정수였고, 왕실교육은 유교교육의 최고봉이었다. 수기치인(修己治人)을 실현하는 선비이자 내성외왕(內聖外王)을 구현하는 치자로서, 유교의 이상적인 모델이자, 백성들의 모범이 되어야만 했던 것이 바로 조선의 왕이다. 때문에 왕위계승자들의 교육은 일반 사대부들보다 더욱 엄격하고 치열한 교육과정을 이수해야만 했고, 왕실구성원이었던 왕실자손들의 교육 또한 소홀히 할 수 없었다. 태교는 태아의 건강과 좋은 기질의 형성을 위해 산모가 갖추어야 할 마음가짐과 몸가짐이다. 이는 애초 산모가 보고 느낀 것을 태아도 태내에서 감응한다는 한의학적 학설에 바탕을 둔 것인데, 유교적 수양론과 결부되면서 교육의 시작이요, 성품형성의 근원으로 여겨 교육적으로 매우 중요한 위치를 점하게 되었다. 원자와 원손의 교육과정은 왕위계승교육의 일환으로 국가적인 차원에서 아주 체계적으로 구축되었다. 대개 3세 이전에는 보양청(輔養廳)을 설치하여 보육을 담당하게 하였고, 이들이 글을 읽기 시작할 무렵이 되면 강학청(講學廳)을 설치하여 조기교육을 담당하게 하였다. 이들을 제외한 다른 왕실자손들의 경우, 보양청은 설치되지 않지만 통상 6세가 되면, 종친부 주관으로 대군과 왕자군의 경우에는 강학청(講學廳)을, 왕손의 경우에는 교학청(敎學廳)을 설치하여 조기교육을 담당하게 하였다. 조선왕실 유아교육은 왕위계승자와 왕실자손들 모두 "효경(孝經)" "소학(小學)"과 같은 초학단계를 마치면, "대학(大學)" "논어(論語)" "맹자(孟子)" "중용(中庸)"의 단계적 학습과정을 거치게 되므로 교육과정 자체는 대동소이하다. 그러나 원자의 사부는 정 2품, 원손의 사부는 종 2품이며, 대군과 왕자군의 사부는 종 9품, 왕손의 교부 또한 종 9품으로 규정함으로써 그 위상에 있어서는 현격히 차등을 두어 시행되었음을 확인할 수 있다.