• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.380-386
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of Jeung-Pyun with respect to the addition ratio of pigmented rice and fermentation method. As the mont of pigmented rice was increased, the moisture content of the products added with yeast tended to increase more than those made in the traditional way. Regardless of fermentation method, L value and b value of Jeung-Pyun without pigmented rice were higher than those of Jeung-Pyun with pigmented rice, for which the values were significantly low. The samples with 5% or 10% pigmented rice had a high degree of expansion. The other samples showed no visible difference. The hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness tended to decrease. On the other hand, the adhesiveness was increased. In both fermentation methods, as the amount of pigmented rice was increased, the gelatinization degree was raised. In sensory evaluation, the characteristics of Jeung-Pyun with 30% pigmented rice were very poor, except for the characteristics on pore uniformity. The other samples and both fermentation methods were hardly different.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1018-1033
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• 2021

In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of flaking on the nutrient digestibility of corn grain in ruminants. In this regard, in vitro rumen fermentation, in situ rumen degradability, and in vivo metabolic experiments were performed. The automated gas production technique was used for the in vitro fermentation experiments. Six types of corn flakes with various degrees of gelatinization (32%, 41%, 48%, 66%, 86%, and 89%) were ground and incubated in rumen fluid to measure rumen fermentation characteristics and digestion rate. The in situ degradability of ground corn, whole corn, and corn flakes with 62% and 66% gelatinization was measured by incubation in the rumen of two cannulated Holstein cows. In vivo metabolic experiments were performed using 12 crossbred goats (29.8 ± 4.37 kg) using a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary treatments consisted of ground corn and flaked corn with 48% or 62% gelatinization. In vitro experiments showed that as the degree of gelatinization increased, the digestion rate increased linearly, while the discrete lag time decreased linearly (p < 0.05). The effective rumen dry matter degradability, determined by in situ fermentation, was 37%p lower in corn flakes than ground corn, assuming a passage rate of 6%/h (p < 0.01), and there was no difference between the two flakes. In the in vivo experiment, there was no difference in dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and nitrogen utilization among the treatment groups (p > 0.05); however, the crude fat digestibility was lower for corn flakes than for ground corn (p < 0.05). To summarize, the rate of fermentation of corn flakes increased as the degree of gelatinization increased. However, non-ground corn flakes had lower rumen digestibility and did not improve in vivo apparent nutrient digestibility, compared with ground corn. In contrast to the assumption that flaked corn provides more energy to ruminant animals than ground corn, we conclude that the digestibility and energy value of corn flakes are lower than those of ground corn if mastication does not sufficiently reduce the particle size of corn flakes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.488-493
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• 2013

This study shows the effect of 4% squid ink on the textural properties of squid during fermentation for 8 weeks at $10^{\circ}C$ or 32 days at $20^{\circ}C$ in 5% salt solution. Although the hardness and chewiness of the squid fermented with squid ink continuously decreased during fermentation, the degree of decrease was smaller than that of squid fermented without squid ink. We can conclude that squid ink inhibited the ripening of the low salt fermented squid.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2000

The study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics of Daegubo, Harutoh and Yumyung peach cultivars produced mainly in Kyungbuk. soluble solidss, pH, titratable acidtidy, sap rate, alcohol degree, color and sensory quality were analyzed. Sap rates of the three fresh peaches were in the range from 92 to 94%. SS in the juice were 9.6% for Daegubo peach, 9.0% for yumyung and 7.4% for Hakutoh. titrable acidity of DAegubo , harutoh and Yumyung peaches were 0.54, 0.41 and 0.37 % , respectively. In alcohol fermentation , Daegubo and Yumyung peach cultivars showed high sugar decrease and alcohol formation , good color and sensory quality, while Hakutoh showed low sugar decrease and alcohol fermentation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.618-625
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fresh ginseng on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of Seukbakjee during 45 days of fermentation. Seukbakjee with various levels(0, 2, 4, 6%) of fresh ginseng were fermented at $4^{\circ}$. During fermentation, the pH values were lowered in all Seukbakjee samples, however, those with fresh ginseng were a little higher than control Seukbakjee. Acidity increased continuously during the entire fermentation, in which those of added fresh ginseng increased less than control. As the concentration of fresh ginseng increased, the pH of Seukbakjee were increased. Saltiness was maintained at 1.37~2.62% levels during the whole fermentation. The degree of degradation of reducing sugar and free sugar was much delayed in Seukbakjee added with fresh ginseng. Total vitamin C content of Seukbakjee with fresh ginseng was higher than that of Seukbakjee without fresh ginseng. The number of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in Seukbakjee with fresh ginseng was higher than control during the entire fermentation period. In sensory evalution, Seukbakjee with 4% fresh ginseng was the best for taste and flavor. Seukbakjee with 2% fresh ginseng was the best for texture and overall acceptability. Above results suggest that the addition of fresh ginseng improves the quality of Seukbakjee.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improved antioxidant activity of Aronia extract fermented by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented seafoods. Aronia fruits were collected from Sunchang, Chonbuk, South Korea. And these collected fruits were lyophilized for fermentation. For the selection of effective lactic acid bacteria useful for fermentation. Aronia fermented by lactic acid bacteria that isolated from fermented seafood was extracted with 60% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of Aronia extract was evaluated on the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol contents were studied. To determine the optimal fermentation conditions, the changes of antioxidant efficacy was evaluated by controlling temperature (25, 30, 37, $40^{\circ}C$), Time (0~5 day) and inoculation dose of lactic acid bacteria (0.125~0.5ml). To confirm the antioxidative effect of Aronia fermented under optimal conditions, the DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol & flavonoid contents were compared before and after fermentation were studied. 16 different kinds of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermented seafood, and of which antioxidant activity of Aronia fermented by Pediococcus pentosaceus B1 was maximum. Aronia fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$ was maximized when fermented for 3 days and fermentation time is decreased as the start inoculation amount of lactic acid bacteria increased. The degree of increase in antioxidant activity after Aronia fermentation is that DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity was increased about 27%, 20% and total polyphenols & flavonoids contents was increased about 12%, 15%. In the result of this experiment indicated that fermentation process enhances the antioxidant efficacy of Aronia.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 1999

Jeung-Pyun is a traditional fermented Korean food with rice flour, water, sugar, salt and unrefined rice wine(Takju). In order to investigate how the addition of soybean has an influence on Jeung-Pyun fermentation, changing to adding amount of soybean 0%, 5%, l0%. 15%, 20% based on rice weight, we carried out sensory evaluation and measured the physicochemical properties, instrumental characteristics and degree of gelatinization. The specific volume of Jeung-Pyun was increased as the more soybean was added. The pH of Jeung-Pyun batter was decreased as the fermentation time was longer, but it was increased as more soybean was added. The degree of gelatinization of Jeung-Pyun was decreased as storage day was longer, but it was high as more soybean was added compared to control(0%). In sensory evaluation, Jeung-Pyun added 5∼10% of soybean was good generally. Correlation coefficient between hardness and degree of gelatinization was high. In instrumental characteristics, hardness was increased only in control for room temperature storage(20$^{\circ}C$), but at 4$^{\circ}C$ it was less increased than control(0%) as more soybean was added. Cohesiveness was decreased generally as storage day was longer at 4$^{\circ}C$, but it was less decreased as more soybean was added. In brittleness at 4$^{\circ}C$, Jeung-Pyun of adding soybean was higher compared to control. In surface structure of Jeung-Pyun observerd by SEM. air pore size was small and distributed regularly as more soybean added. In conclusion. it can be suggested that the addition of soybean improve the quality of Jeung-Pyun.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1326-1330
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• 2000

Kimchi, made from seasonal baechu (Chinese cabbage), was sealed in PP trays with a Nylon/CPP lid film and stored at various temperatures (0, 10, $20^{\circ}C$) to investigate the feasibility of detecting its fermentation degree by measuring gas composition inside the packages. The gas composition inside the kimchi package continuously changed due to $CO_2$ evolution during fermentation. Regardless of temperature, the fermentative gas accumulation in the package caused $CO_2$ concentration to increase by two-stepwise pattern, but $O_2$ concentration to decrease exponentially. As $CO_2$ concentration increased secondarily, the pH values of kimchi decreased proportionally (r>0.968). The production of $CO_2$ during kimchi fermentation was stimulated at higher temperatures and affected by seasonal factor. Kimchi made from winter baechu produced more fermentative gas than that from summer baechu. It was suggested that the changes in $CO_2$ concentration could be used as a characteristic index for indicating the fermentation course of packaged kimchi products.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

Oyster jeot-gal were prepared in the form of salt-fermented oyster and oyster in soy sauce tentatively and used for investigation the retarding effect of its fermentation in a vacuum from the physicochemical and microbiological points of view. $_PH$ value decreased slightly but amino-N (AN) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) increased inversely during the fermentation periods. AN contents were greater in vacuum fermentation than in non-vacuum, whereas VBN were greater in non-vacuum. Total viable cell counts were similar to trend of gentle decrement after increment to some degree but showed higher in non vacuum than in vacuum. In vacuum product, total amino acid contents increased with the elapse of fermentation days or in time of reduction those were higher than in non-vacuum. On the results of chemical analysis, it showed that fermentation was delayed in vacuum and that vacuum fermentation was effective for the shelf-life extension of jeot-gal.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 2010

This study was done to measure the color and catechins contents in processed teas using the whole bands (400~2500 nm) with near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS). The powder colors of 109 processed teas were measured with a colorimeter. The a/b ratios in Hunter color scale in processed teas accounted for about 98.9% of the variation in the fermentation degree(FD), indicating that the a/b ratio was a very useful trait for assessing fermentation degree. Also tea powders were scanned in the visible bands used with NIRSystem. The calibration equations for powder colors were developed using the regression method of modified partial least squares(MPLS) with the internal cross validation. The equations had low SECV (standard errors of cross-validation), and high $R^2$ (coefficient of determination in calibration) values with 0.996~1.00, indicating that the visible bands(400~700 nm) with NIRS could be used to rapidly measure the variables related to powder color and fermentation degree. Also another powders of 137 processed teas were scanned at 780~2500 nm bands in the reflectance mode. The calibration equations were developed using the regression method of MPLS with the internal cross validation. The equations had low SECV, and high $R^2$ (0.896~0.983) values, showing that NIRS could be used to rapidly discriminate the contents of EGC($R^2$=0.919), EC(0.896), EGCg(0.978), ECg(0.905) and total catechins(0.983) in processed teas with high precision and ease.