• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.27
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• pp.171-209
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• 1997

The results of the study can be summarized as follows. The Shu-mu Da-wen was selected and compiled by Zhang Zhi Dong at the end of Qing Dynasty as a reading list for students preparing for the state examination and for the purpose of choosing the best from several versions. Whether it was compiled and edited by Zhang was in dispute. But it is almost certain that Zhang was the main editor because Shu-mu Da-wen showed his political, educational and scientific thoughts and knowledge distinctively. The followings are characteristics of Shu-mu Da-wen being compared with Si-ku Quan-shu Zong-mu Ti-yao. 1. In Jing-bu, the Confucian classics are divided into Zheng-jing Zheng-zhu and 'Lie-chao Jing-zhu Jing-shuo Jing-ben kao-zheng. Zheng-shi lei is divided into Zheng-shi fen he ke ben and Zheng-shi zhu bu biao pu kao-zheng. It is the special sorting method to include Du-ben lei in Jing-bu and Chu xue du-ben in Bie-lu in order to provide first learners for reading order. 2. Shi-bu included Gu-shi newly and Di-li lei is divided into Gu Di-li and Jin di-li in Shi-bu. Tian-wen Suan-fa lei is divided into Zhong-fa and Xi-fa in Zi-bu. Zhang distinguished between old books and contemporary ones to find out the origin and include newly published books in the East and the West. 3. Zhou-Qin zhu-zi is newly added to Zi-pu. In Ji-pu, Bie-ji and Zong-ji are categorized according to their style and period respectively. This show the new sorting method which added classifying system concerning academic development. It is the prominent feature in the compiling system to make Bie-lu and Cong-shu respective chapters. With those characteristics the Shu-mu Da-wen had been edited and published several times. It had a wide effect not only on compiling methods of cataloging afterwards and but also on classification systems before decimal classification was introduced in China.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) on the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of four hundred Lingnan Yellow laying hens aged 34 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups (100 laying hens/group), and fed, respectively, with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% Gln during the 6-week feeding period. The results were as follows. First, the productivity of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diet was significantly increased (p<0.05); however, the egg quality (egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell density, shell breaking strength, yolk color, yolk index, and Haugh unit) was not affected compared with that of the control group (p>0.05). Second, luteinizing hormone (LH) (p<0.01), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (p<0.01), triiodothyronine ($T_3$), and tetraiodothyronine ($T_4$) contents (p<0.05) in blood of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diets were also significantly improved, and greater improvement in the duodenum and oviduct structure was observed in that treatment group. This study indicated for the first time that diets with 0.8% Gln were able to increase the productive performance of laying hens through stimulating hormone secretion and better development of both the duodenum and oviduct structure in laying hens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2519-2522
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• 2012

Objective: Data from a recent genome-wide association studiesy of gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese living in the Taihang Mountains of north-central China suggest that 1q22 and 10q23 are susceptibility-associated regions for GC. However, this has not been confirmed in southern Chinese populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these polymorphisms at 1q22 and 10q23 are associated with the risk of GC in a southern Chinese population. Methods: We selected seven top significant associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 1q22 and 10q23 and conducted a population-based case-control study in a southern Chinese population. Genotypes were determined using MassARRAYTM system (Sequenome, San Diego, CA). Results: Two SNPs at 1q22, rs4072037 and rs4460629, were significantly associated with a reduced risk of GC, best fitting the dominant genetic model. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex showed that rs4072037 AG and GG (OR=0.64, P=0.017, compared with AA) and rs4460629 CT and TT (OR=0.54, P=0.0016, compared with TT) significantly reduced the risk of GC. However, no significant results for the five SNPs at 10q23 were obtained in this study. Conclusion: These outcomes indicate that 1q22 is associated with GC susceptibility in this southern Chinese population, while an association for the locus at 10q23 was not confirmed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2687-2693
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• 2012

Objective: Passive smoking has been considered as a risk factor of many cancers. To examine whether it might also pose a risk for cervical cancer, we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and references of included studies up to February 10th, 2012 for relevant studies. After two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted data, a meta-analysis was conducted using CMA v2 software. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot, using Egger's and Begg's tests. Results: Finally 11 eligible studies yielded, involving 3,230 cases and 2,982 controls. The results showed that women who never smoke but exposed to smoking experience a 73% increase in risk of cervical cancer compared with non-exposed women (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.35 - 2.21, p<0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated this result to be robust. Moderate publication bias was detected by visualing funnel plot, Egger's and Begg's tests. Conclusion: Based on currently available evidence, the findings of this meta-analysis suggests that passive smoking significantly and independently increases the risk of cervical cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6899-6904
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• 2014

NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is a novel cancer-related protein involves multiple functions in many cancers and other diseases. We previously overexpressed NGAL to analyze its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed and the shortest paths from NGAL to transcription factors in the network were analyzed. We found 28 shortest paths from NGAL to RELA, most of them obeying the principle of extracellular to cytoplasm, then nucleus. These shortest paths were also prioritized according to their normalized intensity from the microarray by the order of interaction cascades. A systems approach was developed in this study by linking differentially expressed genes with publicly available PPI data, Gene Ontology and subcellular localizaton for the integrated analyses. These shortest paths from NGAL to DEG transcription factors or other transcription factors in the PPI network provide important clues for future experimental identification of new pathways.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9693-9698
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• 2014

Background: Associations between the 8473T>C polymorphism (rs5275) in the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene and breast cancer (BC) risk are still inconclusive and ambiguous. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively estimate the genetic risk of 8473T>C polymorphism in the COX-2 gene for BC. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Chinese biomedical (CBM), Weipu, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, covering all publications (last search was updated on Aug 17, 2014). Statistical analyses were performed using Revman 5.3 and STATA 10.0 software. Results: A total of 6,720 cases and 9,794 controls in 12 studies were included in this study. The results indicated no significant associations between the 8473T>C polymorphism of the COX-2 gene and BC risk for the CC+TC vs TT model (pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.90-1.03, and p=0.29). On subgroup analysis, we also found that subdivision on ethnicity among Caucasians, Asians and others also revealed no relationship with BC susceptibility. With the study design (CC+TC vs TT), no significant associations were found in either population-based case-control studies (PCC), or hospital-based case-control studies (HCC). Conclusions: This present meta-analysis suggests that the 8473T>C polymorphism in the COX-2 gene is not a conspicuous low-penetrant risk factor for developing BC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.7
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• pp.26-33
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• 1999

In order to examine the effect of beam location n the performance of bridge type piozoresistive silicon accelerometer, three sensors having different location of beams were simulated by FEN(finite element method) and fabricated by RIE(reactive ion etching) and KOH etching method using SDB(silicon direct bonding) wafer, Results of the FEM simulation present that the 1st resonace frequency and Z axis sensitivity of each sensor are identical but the 2nd, and the 3rd resonace frequency and X, Y axis sensitivity are different. Even though the 1st resonance frequency and Z axis sensitivity measured from fabricated sensors do not perfectly coincide with each other, all 3 type sensors present 180 ~ 220N/G of Z sensitivity at 5 V supply voltage and 1.3 ~ 1.7kHz of the 1st resonance frequency and about 2% of lateral sensitivity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.827-830
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• 2013

Investigation of an organic extract of the fruits Schisandra wilsoniana led to the isolation of two new highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids, named schilancidilactones V-W (1-2). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1-2 feature a double bond between C-7 and C-8 compared with related known nortriterpenoids isolated from the genus Schisandra. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-HIV-1 activities and cytotoxicity. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate anti-HIV-1 activities with $EC_{50}$ 3.05 and 2.87 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and compound 1 showed high cytotoxicity against KB and MDA-MB-231 cell with $IC_{50}$ values of 3.18 and 5.22 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2009

Five kinds of coumarin compounds were successfully purified from Angelica gigas Nakai by using recyclingpreparative HPLC and identified as decursin (1), decursinol angelate (2), 7-demethylsuberosine (3), marmesin (4), and decursinol (5) by NMR analyses. None of the purified compounds in ethanol showed DPPH radical scavenging activity, while the A. gigas extract (AGNEX) displayed a significant level of activity. Interestingly, compounds 3 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) showed good $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=8.1{\mu}g$/mL) as did compounds 4 and 5. The anti-inflammatory activities of the purified compounds were evaluated and compared using the NO concentration assay and western blot analysis on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. NO production was significantly suppressed by all the compounds in a dose-dependent manner among which compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed very good activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 7.4, 6.5, and $7.6{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. Treatment with compounds 1-5 effectively suppressed the expression levels of iNOS, IL-1$\beta$, and COX-2, which are responsible for promoting the inflammatory process. Thus, the ethanol extract and coumarin compounds of A. gigas Nakai hold promise for use as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.673-682
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) and between coping type and quality of life (QOL) in mothers of handicapped children and (further to identify the level of self-esteem and quality of life of the subjects. The subjects of this study were the 51 mothers of handicapped children who were registered in two special schools in Taejon. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the period of the data collection was from April 18th to May 26th, 1997. The instruments for this study were Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Folkman & Lazarus's Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) and the quality of life scale designed by Ro, You Ja. The results were analyzed using SPSS/PC/sup +/. Data analysis included the descriptive correlational statistics of ANOVA. Pearson Correlational Coefficient, and t-test. The results are as follows : 1. The level of self-esteem showed a mean score 34.51 and the level of QOL, a mean score 137.55. An Active type of coping was used more of fen than a passive one. 2. The level of self-esteem differed according to monthly income and was significantly higher in mothers of children with acquired handicaps than those of children with congenital handicaps. The level of QOL differed according to monthly income. 3. There was a positive correlation between health status and self-esteem(r=.355, p<.05), and between health status and QOL(r=.367, p<.01). 4. Test for hypothesis ; Hypothesis 1, "The higher the level of self-esteem in mothers of handicapped children, the higher their level of quality of life will be. "was supported (r=.755, p<.001) Hypothesis 2, "The QOL level for the active coping group as compared to the passive coping group will be higher. " was not supported.