• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1979

To determine whether hormone analysis of amniotic fluid could be used for accurate determination of fetal sex, we measured testosterone(T) and follicle-stimulating hormone in 19 amniotic fluid samples. The mean T in amniotic fluid of 8 women earring male fetuses was 310 pg. per milliliter and of 11 women earring female fetuses was 150 pg. per milliliter (P<0.05${\ast}$). The mean amniotic fluid FSH of 1.16 mI.U. per milliliter for 7 women with male fetuses was over trifold lower than that for subjects with female fetuses. The mean amniotic fluid FSH of female fetuses was 3.85 mI.U. per milliliter (P<0.01${\ast}$) Measurement of T & FSH in amniotic fluid may be an adjunct method for fetal sex determination.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2001

In order to determine the role of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the important sex-steroid hormone precursor, in vascular reactivity in rats, animals were treated for two weeks with DHEA or sex hormones, and the vascorelaxant and contractile responses of isolated aorta were examined. DHEA diminished the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation in female rats, while the drug was without effect in males. Testoterone lowered the vasorelaxant activity to ACh in either sex. 17$\beta$-Estradiol enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation in male rats, but this female sex hormone did not influence in females. In male rats, the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide also enhanced vasorelaxant action of ACh. When the male rat aorta was incubated in vitro with a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME, phenylephrine-induced contraction was greatly potentiated in DHEA-pretreated rats compared to control ones. The present results suggest that DHEA stimulates mainly androgen in female, but both androgen and estrogen in male rats. The participation of NO In the modulation of vascular reactivity with pretreated DHEA was also considered.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

생쥐에서 페르몬으로 알려진 소수성의 분자와 결합하는 major urinary proteins(MUPs)는 부분적으로 성장 호르몬(GH)의 조절을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 MT-GRF로 형질전환되어 성장호르몬이 증가된 생쥐에서 MUP의 발현을 조사하였다. 이 MT-GRF로 형질전환된 생쥐의 소변에서 MUP이 대조군보다 심하게 저하되어 나타났고, 암컷보다 수컷에서 더 저하되어 나타났다. 또한 MT-GRF를 근육에 주사한 생쥐에서도 MUP는 저하되어 나타났다. 부가하여, MT-GRF로 형질전환시킨 생쥐의 소변에서 전기영동상에서 albumin과 동일하게 이동하는 고분자의 단백질이 다량으로 관찰되었는데 신장의 사구체 여과가 손상되었음을 암시하고 있다. 이 혈장 단백질의 손실도 암컷보다 수컷에서 심하게 나타났다. 결과적으로 GRF의 과다생성은 성별에 차별화된 영향을 미치면서 GH로 형질전환된 동물모델에서 관찰되는 MUP의 발현과 사구체 기능의 변화를 동일하게 유발하고 있었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2018

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) centrally plays a role in control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis-related hormone secretions in the reproductive neuroendocrine system. In addition, hormone receptors like luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) are important element for hormones to take effect in target organ. However, ageing-dependent changes in terms of the distribution of GnRH neurons in the brain and LHR expression in the acyclic ovary have not been fully understood yet. Therefore, we comparatively investigated those ageing-dependent changes using young (1-5 months), middle (11-14 months) and old (21-27 months) aged female mice. Whereas a number of GnRH positive fibers and neurons with monopolar or bipolar morphology were abundantly observed in the brain of the young and middle aged mice, a few GnRH positive neurons with multiple dendrites were observed in the old aged mice. In addition, acyclic ovary without repeated development and degeneration of the follicles was shown in the old aged mice than others. LHR expression was localized in theca cells, granulosa cell, corpora lutea and atretic follicle in the ovaries from young and middle aged mice, in contrast, old aged mice had few positive LHR expression on the follicles due to acyclic ovary. However, the whole protein level of LHR was higher in the ovary of old aged mice than others. These results are expected to be used as an important basis on the relationship between GnRH and LHR in old aged animals as well as in further research for reproduction failure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2005

Many young women suffer from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of isoflavone on serum sex hormone and PMS during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We investigated the incidence of PMS in 116 Korean female college students. The incidence of PMS was $19.8\%$. Among them, 9 PMS and 13 control were given 90 mg isoflavone per day during 2 menstrual cycles. The changes in anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, serum parameters including sex hormones, and PMS symptoms were observed. Isoflavone supplementation did not affect anthropometric measurements. However, SBP and DBP were significantly decreased in control. Dietary intakes were not changed after supplementation of isoflavones. Serum SHBG was lower in PMS group than in control and significantly decreased in control with isoflavone supplementation. PMS symptoms such as backache, sweet, salty, and fatty food craving, coffee/tea drinking, and anxiety were significantly lessened. Based on these results, isoflavone supplementation may benefit young women by reducing some of PMS. Further studies of soy isoflavones effect on sex hormone and PMS may help to prepare for PMS management.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2011

Purpose: This study is executed to examine the effects of Korean somatotype on energy consumption and hormone changes during treadmill gait. Methods: The objects of study were a total of 70 university students in their 20s and 30s divided into 7 groups according to somatotype with 10 members each, 4 groups of male (M1, M2, M3, M4) and 3 groups of female (F1, F2, F3). Results: In case of male groups, there was a significant difference in VO2 and VCO2 between group M1, M2 and M3 (p<0.05). There was also a meaningful difference between Phase1 and Phase2, Phase3 and Phase4 in a phase (p<0.01). In case of female groups, there was a meaningful difference in VO2 between F1 and F2, F3 (p<0.01). There was also a significant difference between Phase1 and Phase2, Phase3 and Phase4 in a phase (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in VCO2 among them, but there was a significant difference in it between Phase1 and Phase2, Phase3 and Phase4 (p<0.01). There was equally no significant difference in the concentration of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline among both male and female groups, but such concentration showed meaningful difference before and after exercise (p<0.01). Conclusion: Energy consumption differs according to somatotype. There is a difference in hormone change, indicating that somatotype has effects on the physiological change. Therefore, in future exercise should be executed in more diverse conditions to further study somatotype with energy consumption and the correlations of hormone change.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권sup1호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2016

Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder in phenotypic females that has characteristic physical features and presents as partial or complete absence of the second sex chromosome. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition caused by insufficient release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. The concomitant occurrence of TS and GHD is rare and has not yet been reported in Korea. Here we report 2 cases of TS and GHD. In case 1, GHD was initially diagnosed. Karyotyping was performed because of the presence of the typical phenotype and poor response to growth hormone therapy, which revealed 45,X/45,X+mar. The patient showed increased growth velocity after the growth hormone dose was increased. In case 2, a growth hormone provocation test and chromosomal analysis were performed simultaneously because of decreased growth velocity and the typical TS phenotype, which showed GHD and a mosaic karyotype of 45,X/46,XX. The patient showed spontaneous pubertal development. In female patients with short stature, it is important to perform a throughout physical examination and test for hormonal and chromosomal abnormalities because diagnostic accuracy is important for treatment and prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.471-474
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• 2015

Background: Male and female breast cancers were investigated for variation in the clinicopathologic characteristics and expression of steroid hormone receptors in the northeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Tumor specimens of 17 males and 338 females with breast cancer were collected at the hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Immunohistochemical expression of hormone receptors and clinicopathologic features of breast cancer were compared between two groups. Results: The mean age in men was 15 years higher than women (p=0.000). Males and females were mainly in stage II and III respectively (p=0.007). Although more than 60% of male and female patients were grade II, the respective figures for grade I and III were 25% and 12.5% in men but 7.1% and 27.2% in women respectively (p=0.025). ER was significantly more positive in men against women; 82.3% versus 53.4% (p=0.016). The related measures for PR was 58.8% and 50.3%, respectively (p=0.424). Males also showed significantly more ER expression than postmenopausal females; 82.3% versus 48.9% (p=0.010). Conclusions: Breast cancer in males and females contrasted in age at diagnosis, histological type, stage, grade and ER expression which emphasize they are separate diseases with different behaviors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1999

This study was conducted with 20 female gymnasts and 23 age-matched controls to examine the relationship of diet, menstrual function and bone mineral density (BMD). The results obtained are summarized as follows : Energy intake of gymnasts was 968.9$\pm$421.4kcal, and energy expenditure was 2091.4$\pm$361kcal showing negative energy balance(-1,122.5$\pm$534.6kcal). The average intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin did not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances for their age groups. Mean age at menarche in gymnasts is 15.8$\pm$1.2 years compared with 11.8$\pm$2.8 years in age-matched controls. The profile of estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone was lower than age-matched controls but not significant. Athletic amenorrheic gymnasts(n=12) have the menstrual irregularity(n=10) and amenorrhea(n=2). A number of variables as such nutritional deficiency in diet, negative energy blasnce and hypogonadotropic hormonal status were included. The bone mineral density (BMD) of female gymnasts were significantly higher than controls for the lumbar neck(p<0.001), trochanter(p<0.01), and Ward's triangle(p<0.001), but there were no significant differences for the lumbar spine and forearm. The lumbar spine BMD had a positive correlation with age and lean body weight. The femoral neck BMD was significantly associated with age, group and lean body mass. The trochanter BMD had significant relationship with group, body mass index, energy expenditure and follicular stimulating hormone. Ward's triangle BMD were related to body mass index and follicular stimulating hormone. The significant association was deterced between forearm BMD and age and lean body weight. The major finding of this investigation is that the BMD of gymnasts were higher than age-matched controls despite the fact that gymnasts as a group had inadequate dietary calcium and a higher propensity to have an interruption of their menstrual cycle. These data indicate that grymnsts involved in sports producing significant impact loading on the skeleton had greater femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle bone density than age-matched controls.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2002

여러 국내외 논문에서 hormone 치료는 우수한 효과를 나타내었으나 치료 종료 후 객혈이 다시 발생하여 추가적인 수술을 받는 경우가 많았으며, GnRH analogue의 장점에도 불구하고 hormone 치료로 완치된 예는 대부분 danazol에 의한 경우가 많았다. 저자들이 경험한 환자는 월경과 동반된 객혈, 월경주기에 따라 변하는 방사선학전 변화와 GnRH analogue 치료에 대한 극적인 증상의 호전 등의 전형적인 소견으로 폐실질 자궁내막증에 의한 catamenial hemoptysis로 진단되었다. 6회의 hormone 치료 기간동안 임상양상의 호전을 보였고, 치료를 중단한 후에도 재발의 증거가 없는 상태로 외래를 다니고 있다.