• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1376-1383
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• 2023

Recent studies have confirmed that gut microbiota differs according to race or country in many diseases, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. However, no study has analyzed the characteristics of Korean MCI patients. This study was performed to observe the association between gut microbiota and MCI in the Korean elderly and to identify potential markers for Korean MCI patients. For this purpose, we collected fecal samples from Korean subjects who were divided into an MCI group (n = 40) and control group (n = 40) for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Although no significant difference was observed in the overall microbial community profile, the relative abundance of several genera, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Akkermansia, showed significant differences between the two groups. In addition, the relative abundance of Prevotella was negatively correlated with that of Bacteroides (r = 0.733). This study may provide Korean-specific basic data for comparing the characteristics of the gut microbiota between Korean and non-Korean MCI patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2024

This review delved into the intricate relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiome and gastric cancer, particularly focusing on post-treatment alterations, notably following gastrectomy, and the effects of anticancer therapies. Following gastrectomy, analysis of fecal samples revealed an increased presence of oral cavity aerotolerant and bile acid-transforming bacteria in the intestine. Similar changes were observed in the gastric microbiome, highlighting significant alterations in taxon abundance and emphasizing the reciprocal interaction between the oral and gastric microbiomes. In contrast, the impact of chemotherapy and immunotherapy on the gut microbiome was subtle, although discernible differences were noted between treatment responders and non-responders. Certain bacterial taxa showed promise as potential prognostic markers. Notably, probiotics emerged as a promising approach for postgastrectomy recovery, displaying the capacity to alleviate inflammation, bolster immune responses, and maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Several strains, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium butyricum, exhibited favorable outcomes in postoperative patients, suggesting their potential roles in comprehensive patient care. In conclusion, understanding the intricate interplay between the gastrointestinal microbiome and gastric cancer treatment offers prospects for predicting responses and enhancing postoperative recovery. Probiotics, with their positive impact on inflammation and immunity, have emerged as potential adjuncts in patient care. Continued research is imperative to fully harness the potential of microbiome-based interventions in the management of gastric cancer.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2024

This study aims to assess the efficacies of exogenous enzymes, derived from invertebrate gut-associated microbes, as feed additives, in reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions using an in vitro pig intestine continuous fermentation system. An in vitro continuous fermentation model was used to simulate a comparable bionic digestion system by co-reacting feed, enzymatic additives (arazyme, mannanase, and xylanase, derived from the gut bacteria of Nephila clavata, Eisenia fetida, and Moechotypa diphysis, respectively), and gastrointestinal microbes, followed by an analysis of their correlations. A significant correlation was observed between exogenous enzyme supplementation and reduced VOC emissions in the fecal phase of continuous fermentation (p < 0.05). The concentration of VOCs decreased by 3.75 and 2.75 ppm in the treatment group following arazyme and multi-enzyme supplementation, respectively, compared to that in the control group (7.83 ppm). In addition, supplementation with arazyme and multiple enzymes significantly affected the microbial composition of each fermentation phase (p < 0.05). In particular, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus, which changed in abundance according to arazyme or multi-enzyme supplementation, exhibited a positive relationship with VOC emissions. These results suggest that exogenous enzymes derived from invertebrate gut-associated bacteria can be efficiently applied as feed additives, leading to a reduction in VOC emissions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2013

배단계와 유통단계에서 멜론의 미생물 위해요소를 조사하기 위하여 전북 익산과 충남 논산에 위치한 멜론 재배지에서 토양과 관개수, 식물체를 채집하였다. 수원시에 위치한 대형마트, 농산물시장, 재래시장으로부터 유통되는 멜론과 시판종자를 채집하여 위생지표세균 3종 (총호기성균, Coliform, E. coli)과 병원성 미생물 4종 (B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., S. aureus)을 분석하였다. 멜론 재배과정 중 총호기성균과 대장균군은 각각 0.43~6.65, 0.67~2.91 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 수준으로 검출되었다. Bacillus cereus는 익산지역의 토양과 멜론 잎에서 각각 2.95, 0.73 log CFU $g^{-1}$으로 검출되었고, 논산지역의 토양에서 3.16 log CFU $g^{-1}$로 검출되었다. 농산물시장, 대형마트, 전통시장에서 멜론의 총호기성균은 각각 4.82, 3.94와 3.99 log CFU $g^{-1}$로 확인되었다. 유통중인 멜론에서 대장균군은 0.09~0.49 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 범위였으며, 판매장소에 따라 총호기성균과 대장균군 수준에 유의적인 차이가 나지 않았다. 모든 시료에서 Listeria monocytognes, Salmonells spp., Staphylococcus aureus는 검출되지 않았다. 멜론 종자의 총호기성균은 0.33~3.34 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 수준이었다. 관개수, 토양, 가축분뇨와 수확후 처리를 포함한 다양한 농업 활동이 미생물오염의 잠재적인 원인이기 때문에 토양, 물과 농자재에 대한 위생관리와 모니터링이 안전한 멜론 생산을 위하여 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.763-774
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• 2016

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is one of the most frequently reported diseases in thoroughbred racehorses. Although several risk factors for the development of gastric ulcers have been widely studied, investigation of microbiological factors has been limited. In this study, the presence of Helicobacter spp. and the gastric microbial communities of thoroughbred racehorses having mild to severe gastric ulcers were investigated. Although Helicobacter spp. were not detected using culture and PCR techniques from 52 gastric biopsies and 52 fecal samples, the genomic sequences of H. pylori and H. ganmani were detected using nextgeneration sequencing techniques from 2 out of 10 representative gastric samples. The gastric microbiota of horses was mainly composed of Firmicutes (50.0%), Proteobacteria (18.7%), Bacteroidetes (14.4%), and Actinobacteria (9.7%), but the proportion of each phylum varied among samples. There was no major difference in microbial composition among samples having mild to severe gastric ulcers. Using phylogenetic analysis, three distinct clusters were observed, and one cluster differed from the other two clusters in the frequency of feeding, amount of water consumption, and type of bedding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the gastric microbiota of thoroughbred racehorses having gastric ulcer and to evaluate the microbial diversity in relation to the severity of gastric ulcer and management factors. This study is important for further exploration of the gastric microbiota in racehorses and is ultimately applicable to improving animal and human health.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

프로바이오틱스, 프리바이오틱스 및 신바이오틱스 등의 물질과 미생물을 조제분유에 강화하여 건강증진 기능성 유산균, 특히 비피더스균과 유산간균의 성장을 선택적으로 자극함으로써 장내균총에 유익한 효과를 나타내고자 하는 노력이 경주되고 있다. 지난 10년 동안, 모유 수유가 장내균총에 미치는 유용 효과를 도모하기 위해서 프로바이오틱스와 프리바이오틱스를 함유하는 새로운 신바이오틱 조제분유가 제안되었다. 새로운 신바이오틱스는 상승 효과로 인해서 프로바이오틱스 및 프리바이오틱스를 개별적으로 사용하는 경우 보다 더 도움이 되는 것으로 기대된다. 한편, 조제분유 및 건조 제품의 제조에 사용되는 가공 기술 및 저장 조건 등이 프로바이오틱스의 생존에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 충분한 유산균수($10^8cfu/g$)로 장내 예정된 부위에 도달하여 숙주에 긍정적인 효과를 나타내기 위해서는 식품 제조공정 및 위장관 통과 시 프로바이오틱스의 생존성을 유지하는 것이 가장 중요한 요소이다. 일반적으로 안전하다고 인정되며, 높은 생물학적 가치를 가지고 있는 물질을 이용하여 적절하고 비용 효율적인 마이크로캡슐화 기술이 개발되면 조제분유의 품질 향상이 가능하게 된다. 프로바이오틱스는 복합적인 효과를 나타낸다. 하나는 살아 있는 생균체가 장내균총에 유익하게 영향을 미쳐 면역조절 효과를 보여주는 것이며, 다른 하나는 사균체가 항-염증 반응을 나타내는 것이다. 최근에, 사균체 또는 정제되지 않은 미생물 분획물이 건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 명확하게 정의할 새로운 용어에 대한 필요성이 대두되었다. 그 결과, 충분한 양을 경구 또는 국소적으로 투여했을 때 인간과 동물에게 이로운 작용을 하는 사균체(손상되지 않거나 또는 파손된)나 정제되지 않은 세포 추출물(즉, 복잡한 화학적 조성)을 정의하기 위해 paraprobiotics라는 용어가 제안되었다. 프로바이오틱 균주 또는 프리바이오틱스를 조제분유에 강화했을 때 조제분유 수유아의 분변 미생물균총이 조정된다. 즉, 비피더스균 및 유산간균과 같은 건강 유익한 세균을 증가 시킴으로써, 프리바이오틱스는 분변 미생물균총의 조성을 변경하고, 이에 따라서 면역계의 활성을 조절한다. 따라서, 품질 향상을 위한 조제분유의 개발은 토착 장내균총의 대사 활성과 증식을 선택적으로 자극하는 비피더스균 등의 특정 프로바이오틱스 및 이눌린과 올리고당 등의 프리바이오틱스를 사용하여, 모유의 건강 유용 효과와 유사하게 접근하는 것에 초점을 맞추고 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.682-691
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• 2020

Careful cleaning and disinfection of pigpens is essential to prevent disease spread and avoid the resultant economic losses. Hygiene in pigpens is generally evaluated by visual monitoring supplemented with bacteriological monitoring, which includes counting the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and/or fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). However, these methods present drawbacks such as time and labor requirements. As adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is ubiquitous in all living organisms including microorganisms, this study aimed to directly compare the results of microbial assessment and ATP quantification, and to suggest possible detailed application methods of the ATP test for hygiene evaluation in pigpens of a farrowing unit. Before and after standard cleaning procedures, samples were collected from the floor corner, floor center, and feeding trough of four pigpens at different time points. No FIB were detected and both the TAB and ATP levels were significantly decreased in the floor center area after cleaning. FIB were continuously detected after cleaning and disinfection of the floor corners, and there was no significant ATP level reduction. The feeding trough did not show any significant difference in these values before and after cleaning, indicating insufficient cleaning of this area. The levels of TAB and ATP after cleaning were significantly correlated and the average ATP value was significantly lower in the absence of FIB than in their presence. In the absence of standard references, a more thorough hygiene management could be achieved evenly by supplementing cleaning or disinfection based on the lowest ATP results obtained at the cleanest test site, which in the present study was the floor center. Overall, these results indicate that the on-farm ATP test can be used to determine the cleanliness status, in addition to visual inspection, as an alternative to laboratory culture-based testing for the presence of microorganisms.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2018

본 연구는 열 스트레스 (heat stress, HS)에 노출된 산란계에서 혼합 생균제의 급여가 생산성, 계란품질, 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 및 분 암모니아에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 총 400마리의 50주령 Hy-Line brown 산란계를 무작위로 각각 100마리씩 4 그룹, C (대조군, 실온 $25^{\circ}C$), HS (열 스트레스 $33^{\circ}C$), HSP (HS 플러스 혼합 생균제 500, 750 mg/kg)로 배치하였다. 산란계의 생산성, 계란품질, 비장 무게, 혈액 IgG 및 lymphocyte 농도는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였고, 코르티코스테론, heterophil과 lymphocyte의 비율 (H:L) 및 폐사율은 유의하게 낮았다. Lactobacillus는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였으나 Escherichiacoli (E. coli), coliform bacteria 및 aerobic bacteria는 유의하게 낮았다. 분에서 암모니아 발생은 HS 그룹이 HSP 그룹에 비해서 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 이러한 혼합 생균제가 여름철 산란계의 더위 피해를 방해주고 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 균형을 경유하여 생산성, 계란품질 및 계분으로부터 악취 발생을 줄이는 데 효율적인 영양전략이 될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Feeding in infancy is the most significant determinant of the intestinal microbiota in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota of Korean infants and compare the microbiota obtained between breast-fed and formula-fed Korean infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We analyzed the microbial communities in fecal samples collected from twenty 4-week old Korean (ten samples in each breast-fed or formula-fed) infants using pyrosequencing. RESULTS: The fecal microbiota of the 4-week-old Korean infants consisted of the three phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. In addition, five species, including Bifidocbacterium longum, Streptococcus salivarius, Strepotococcus lactarius, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, and Lactobacillus gasseri were common commensal intestinal microbiota in all infants. The predominant intestinal microbiota in the breast-fed infants (BFI) included the phylum Actinobacteria (average 70.55%), family Bifidobacteriacea (70.12%), genus Bifidobacterium (70.03%) and species Bifidobacterium longum (69.96%). In the microbiota from the formula-fed infants (FFI), the proportion of the phylum Actinobacteria (40.68%) was less, whereas the proportions of Firmicutes (45.38%) and Proteobacteria (13.85%) as well as the diversity of each taxonomic level were greater, compared to those of the BFI. The probiotic species found in the 4-week-old Korean infants were Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus gasseri. These probiotic species accounted for 93.81% of the microbiota from the BFI, while only 63.80% of the microbiota from the FFI. In particular, B. longum was more abundant in BFI (69.96%) than in FFI (34.17%). CONCLUSIONS: Breast milk supports the growth of B. longum and inhibits others. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first attempt to analyze the gut microbiota of healthy Korean infants according to the feeding type using pyrosequencing. Our data can be used as a basis for further studies to investigate the development of intestinal microbiota with aging and disease status.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2002

병독성 대장균 (K88ac)의 pilin gene을 분리하여 이를 당근에 도입한 후 이의 발현을 유도하여 자돈 설사병 예방 및 치료를 위한 당근경구백신 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 형질전환을 통해 494 세포주를 확립하였고, western분석을 통하여 0.1~4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g의 pilin 단백질 발현을 확인하였으며 백신식물 생산에 적합한 세포주 2종 (M1-17, Y14-1)을 선발하여 포장생산 및 임상실험에 적용하였다. 쥐를 대상으로 당근 경구 투여시 병원균 항체 생성 여부와 면역 유도를 위한 최적 농도 지표를 파악하기 위하여 1주 간격으로 형질전환 당근 1g, 3g, 5g을 경구투여 한 결과 백신 당근 3g 투여시 10$\mu\textrm{g}$의 재조합 pilin 백신을 경구 투여한 것에 비해 다소 높은 항체 생성을 나타냈으며 3g의 분량이 쥐 면역 유도를 위한 적정량으로 확인하였다. 자돈에 대한 백신당근 경구 투여시 자돈 설사병 보호 효과를 정량적으로 구명하기 위하여 분석한 자돈의 일당 증체량은 형질전환 당근 투여시 평균 60g 이상 더 높은 증체량을 보였으며, 질병방제 효과를 구명하기 위하여 장독성 병원균을 인위 접종한 결과 대조구에서만 fecal score 3의 심각한 설사를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 당근백신은 효율적 투여방법 등에 대한 후속 실험을 통하여 산업적 이용 가능성이 탐색될 예정이다.